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CDMA2000 Packet Data Network EvolutionCDMA2000 Packet Data Network Evolution
2006.4.10
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. grants a free, irrevocable license to 3GPP2 and its Organizational Partners to incorporate text or other copyrightable material contained in the contribution and any modifications thereof in the
creation of 3GPP2 publications; to copyright and sell in Organizational Partner's name any Organizational Partner's standards publication even though it may include all or portions of this contribution; and at the
Organizational Partner's sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part such contribution or the resulting Organizational Partner's standards publication. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. is also willing to grant
licenses under such contributor copyrights to third parties on reasonable, non-discriminatory terms and conditions for purpose of practicing an Organizational Partner’s standard which incorporates this contribution.
This document has been prepared by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. to assist the development of specifications by 3GPP2. It is proposed to the Committee as a basis for discussion and is not to be construed as a binding proposal
on Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.. specifically reserves the right to amend or modify the material contained herein and to any intellectual property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.. other than
provided in the copyright statement above.
Zhong Xin: [email protected] Jie: [email protected]
2
HuaweiOutlineOutline
Network Architecture
Mobility Management
Security
Service Based Bearer Control
Cross-technology Interworking
Appendix: Optional Network Architectures
3
HuaweiNetwork ArchitectureNetwork Architecture
LMHALMHADHCP
Server
AGW AGW
RRM RRM
BTS BTS BTS BTS
AT AT
Air Interface
S2
U2
S3
LMHA: Local Mobility Home Agent
AGW: Access Gateway
RRM: Radio Resource Management
Control Plane Interface
User Data Plane Interface
Air Interface
AGW Pool
HA Backbone IP Network
WLAN
WiMAX
AAA
1x/HRPDS4
4
HuaweiEntity Functions (1)Entity Functions (1)
Access Gateway (AGW) Functions
First-Hop Router for the MS/AT
Mobility Management
Session Management
DHCP Relay/Server
Authentication Functions
Accounting Functions
RADIUS Client (for authentication and accounting)
TFT
Policy enforcement function (flow based…)
RLP (Optional)
Header Compression (mandatory if RLP is located in AGW, optional if RLP is
located in BTS)
Security (Ciphering / Integrity Protection) (if RLP is located in AGW)
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HuaweiEntity Functions (2)Entity Functions (2)
Local Mobility Home Agent (LMHA) Functions Controlling/ Delegating IP address to the MS/AT
Mobility Management
Radio Resource Management (RRM) Functions Radio Resource Management (Admission Control, Load Control and so on)
Radio Session Management
Session Transfer
Radio Link Management:
Handoff control
Base Transceiver System (BTS) Functions Radio Signal Transceiver
Base Band Processing
Radio Resource Dynamic Scheduling
RLP (Optional)
Header Compression (optional if RLP is located in BTS)
Security (Ciphering / Integrity Protection) (if RLP is located in BTS)
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HuaweiKey ConceptsKey Concepts
MIP is used to support handover between different access networks.
AGWs in a specific area consist of a pool for load balancing and high reliability.
Since RRM is only responsible for control plane processing, the path of control
plane between AT and AGW remains three hops, while the user data plane is re
duced to two hops.
The location of RLP termination has two options: in AGW or BTS.
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HuaweiInterfacesInterfaces
Interface between AGW and LMHA
Use IETF Standard Protocol (e.g. MIP)
Interface between RRM and RRM (S4)
Control plane interface (3GPP2 specific)
Control plane interface for handoff
Interface between RRM and AGW (S3):
Control plane interface (3GPP2 specific)
Flexible interface (multiple to multiple relationship)
Interface between AGW and BTS (U2):
User data plane interface
Flexible interface (multiple to multiple relationship)
Interface between RRM and BTS (S2):
Control plane interface (3GPP2 specific)
One to multiple relationship
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HuaweiLocal route optimization intra LMHALocal route optimization intra LMHA
User traffic without optimization User traffic with optimization
AGW 1 AGW 2
LMHA
AT1 AT2
AGW 1 AGW 2
LMHA
AT1 AT2
Plain data
Tunneling data
Note: if communication peers are under the same LMHA area, route optimization may be desirable for efficiency.
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HuaweiInter-AGW Dormant HandoffInter-AGW Dormant Handoff
Target RRM
Source RRM
Source AGW
AT
3. Session Transfer
User Data
2. AT goes to dormant and roams
Target AGW
LMHA
User Data
5. HO Request
7. HO Response
1. User Data
4. Selects Target AGW
6. Context Transfer
8. Binding Update (binding AT’ s IP addr to Target AGW’ s IP addr)
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HuaweiInter-AGW Active Handoff Inter-AGW Active Handoff
Target RRM
Source RRM
Source AGW
AT
3. Session Transfer
User Data
Target AGW
LMHA
User Data
6. HO Request
8. HO Response
1. User Data
5. Selects Target AGW
7. Context Transfer
9. Binding Update (binding AT’ s IP addr to Target AGW’ s IP addr)
2. Pilot Reporting
User Data User Data10. User Data
4. Handoff
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HuaweiInter-LMHA Dormant Handoff (MIP)Inter-LMHA Dormant Handoff (MIP)
Target RRM
Source RRM
Source LMHA
User Data
Target LMHA
5. HO Request
Source AGW
Target AGW
1. User Data User Data
9. Mobile IP Registration with HA
HA
3. Session Transfer
7. HO Response
4. Selects Target AGW
6. Context Transfer
8. Binding Update (binding AT’ s IP addr to Target AGW’ s IP addr)
AT
User Data
2. AT goes to dormant and roams
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HuaweiInter-LMHA Active Handoff (MIP)Inter-LMHA Active Handoff (MIP)
Target RRM
Source RRM
Source LMHA
User Data
Target LMHA
6. HO Request
Source AGW
Target AGW
1. User Data User Data
11. User Data User Data User Data
10. Mobile IP Registration with HA
HA
3. Session Transfer
2. Pilot Reporting
4. Handoff
8. HO Response
5. Selects Target AGW
7. Context Transfer
9. Binding Update (binding AT’ s IP addr to Target AGW’ s IP addr)
User Data
AT
User Data
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HuaweiSecurity Architecture OverviewSecurity Architecture Overview
LMHALMHA
AGW(RLP)
AGW(RLP)
RRM RRM
BTS BTS BTS BTS
AT AT
AGW Pool
HA Backbone IP NetworkAAA
Network access authentication and authorization
U-plane ciphering and optional integrity protection. C-plane integrity protection and optionally ciphering.C-plane integrity protection and optionally ciphering between AT and RRM
C-plane security associations between AGW and RRM
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HuaweiSecurity Association in networkSecurity Association in network
Each AT has a SA with AGW
protect User plane traffic of AT
protect signaling between AT and AGW
AGW can assign encrypted temporary ID to AT for preventing AT tracking
Each RRM has a SA with AGW
encrypt and integrity protect signaling between RRM and AGW
protect key( between AT and RRM ) transfer from AGW to RRM
Each AT has a shared key with specific RRM
Against fake RRM attack
integrity and optional encrypt protect signaling between RRM and AT
Note: If RLP is located in BTS, U-plane and C-plane protection is necessary between AT and BTS.
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HuaweiKey Hierarchy Key Hierarchy
AT and AGW have the MSK (Master Session Key).
MSK is a result of authentication between AT and AAA-server (EAP-AKA etc.). AAA server transfers the MSK to AGW.
AGW derives RRM specific key (i.e. KAT_RRM) form MSK, RRM identity is involved in derivation. AGW can send multiple RRM identity to AT to enable AT computing multiple KAT_RRM simultaneously.
AGW sends KAT_RRM to RRM using SA between them.
Session key is shared between AT and AGW, and is derived from MSK also.
RRM a
BTS BTS
AT
AGW(RLP)
MSK
KAT_RRMa KAT_RRMb
Session key
RRM b
KAT_RRMa
MSK
Note: If RLP is located on BTS, AGW can derive KAT_BTS for BTS, and sends to RRM, then RRM forwards it to BTS.
[KAT_RRMa KAT_RRMb] Session key
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HuaweiSBBC Architecture (non roaming)SBBC Architecture (non roaming)
Different AGWs may connect different PCRFs
PCEF locates in AGW
Inter-AGW handoff may need PCEF relocation
HPLMN
LMHA
AGW(PCEF) AGW(PCEF)
PCRF
AF
AF: Application Function
AGW: Access Gateway
LMHA: Local Mobility Home Agent
PCEF: Policy and Charging Enforcement
Function
PCRF: Policy and Charging Rule Function
H-PCRF: Home Policy and Charging Rule Function
V-PCRF: Visited Policy and Charging Rule Function
Data
Ty
Tx
Signaling
PCRF
Ty
17
HuaweiSBBC Architecture (roaming)SBBC Architecture (roaming)
HPLMN
VPLMN
LMHA
AGW(PCEF) AGW(PCEF)
H-PCRF
V-PCRF
AF
Data
Ty
Ty
Tx
Signaling
When AF is in HPLMN
AF connects with H-PCRF
V-PCRF acts as a proxy or a relay agent
between AGW and H-PCRF
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HuaweiSBBC Architecture for roaming 2SBBC Architecture for roaming 2
HPLMN
VPLMN
LMHA
AGW(PCEF) AGW(PCEF)
H-PCRF
V-PCRF
AF
Data
Ty
Ty
Tx
Signaling
When AF is not in HPLMN
Options 1
AF connects with H-PCRF
V-PCRF acts as a proxy or a relay agent bet
ween AGW and H-PCRF
Option 2:
AF connects with V-PCRF directly
AF-related information needn’t to be passed
between the visited PCRF and the home PCRF
V-PCRF gets home-related information from
H-PCRF via Ty.
Tx
19
HuaweiCross-technology Inter-workingCross-technology Inter-working
Case 1: Interworking with other access network within the same LHMA, access network controlled by one operator
Note: In case of AT only Supporting SIP,IWU should act as a proxy MIP.
AT
internet
CDMA Home service networkAAA HA
Other access network(WLAN/WIMAX)
IWU AGW
LMHA
CDMA Access network
AT access Internet via WLAN/WIMAX
CDMA based Access control and Authentication
Access CDMA PS service network via WLAN/WIMAX
Access CDMA PS service network via CDMA AN
IWU: Inter-Working UnitIt served as gateway for user to access CDMA PS service via WALN /WIMAX
20
HuaweiCross-technology Inter-workingCross-technology Inter-working
Case 2: Interworking with other access network within the HA , access network controlled by same or different operator
internet
CDMA Home service networkAAA HA
LMHA
AGW
CDMA Access networkOther access network
(WLAN/WIMAX)
AT
IWU
AT access Internet via WLAN/WIMAX
CDMA based Access control and Authentication
Access CDMA PS service network via WLAN/WIMAX
Access CDMA PS service network via CDMA AN
IWU: Inter-Working UnitIt served as gateway for user to access CDMA PS service via WALN /WIMAX
21
Huawei
Inter-working unit (IWU) function
support access to cdma2000 packet Data service via the WLAN/WIMAX system.
act as proxy MIP function when AT only support SIP.
MIP is the Interface between IWU and HA(LMHA)
Network selection
Terminal should provide the auto and manual network selection according to network capa
bility、 service characteristics and cost.
User shall may have the capability to prioritize the selection of access system.
Home Operator may have the capability to define preferred or forbidden WLAN/WIMA
X access network
Network may direct user to the appropriate access technology according to service and cur
rent network capability in order to manage network loading.
Service continuity while switching across different access network
Requirement of Cross-technology Inter-workingRequirement of Cross-technology Inter-working
22
HuaweiAppendix: Optional Network Architecture 1Appendix: Optional Network Architecture 1
DHCPServer
AGW AGW
BTS(RRM)
BTS(RRM)
BTS(RRM)
BTS(RRM)
AT AT
Air Interface
U2
S2
LMHA: Local Mobility Home Agent
AGW: Access Gateway
RRM: Radio Resource Management
Control Plane Interface
User Data Plane Interface
Air Interface
AGW Pool
RRM Combined with BTS as one entity
LMHA LMHA
Backbone IP NetworkHA
AAA
23
HuaweiAppendix: Optional Network Architecture 2Appendix: Optional Network Architecture 2
DHCPServer
AGW(RRM)
AGW(RRM)
BTS BTS BTS BTS
AT AT
Air Interface
U2
S2
LMHA: Local Mobility Home Agent
AGW: Access Gateway
RRM: Radio Resource Management
Control Plane Interface
User Data Plane Interface
Air Interface
RRM Combined with BTS as one entity
LMHA LMHA
Backbone IP NetworkHA
AAA
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HuaweiConsiderations about Optional ArchitecturesConsiderations about Optional Architectures
Optional Architecture 1
Faster session setup and activation/deactivation, faster intra-BTS handoff
More complex inter-BTS handoff
Optional Architecture 2
Less 3GPP2 specific entities than other options
Difficult to support AGW pool because RRM is coupled with AGW
Hard to define S2 & U2 as an open interface
