Celebrating 150 Years of James Clerk Maxwell This (2015) is the International Year of Light

7/24/2019 Celebrating 150 Years of James Clerk Maxwell This (2015) is the International Year of Light

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Celebrating 150 Years of James Clerk Maxwell

This (2015) is the International Year of Light

by Kumar David-November 14, 2015

The UnitedNations General Assembly declared2015 the International ear o! "i#ht -!ull name $"i#ht and "i#ht %asedTechnolo#ies& - and coincidentally orother'ise 2015 commemorates the

150th anniversary o! (a)'ell&s *+uations, In 1.5 (a)'ell /resented 'hatis no'n as the second #reat uni!ication o! classical /hysics second toNe'ton3 the theory o! electroma#netic /ro/a#ation li#ht is one version'hich underlies cell /hones4 radar4 T and radio4 o/tics and o/tical !ibres4terrestrial4 satellite and s/ace communications and even the discovery o!the 6i##s boson, The advent o! s/ecial relativity did not by/ass (a)'ell&se+uations in the 'ay that #eneral relativity su/erseded Ne'ton&s la's o!#ravitation3 a relativistic re!ormulation o! (a)'ell&s ori#inal version hassu!!iced7 The illustration accom/anyin# this essay sho's (a)'ell&s classicalvector e+uations 'hose /ristine beauty has not been sur/assed in any

renderin# o! any scienti!ic theory,

8elebratory events !or the ear o! "i#ht such as learned society sym/osiaand o/tics related e)hibitions have been held in Al#eria4 Australia4 Austria4%ra9il4 %ul#aria4 8anada4 Greece4 India4 Indonesia4 Italy4 :a/an4 ;in#a/ore4 'as an ama9in# /eriod,(a)'ell&s treatise A Dynamical Theory o! the *lectroma#netic =ield aside4t'o monumental 'ors a//eared in this brie! s/an3 ?ri#in o! ;/ecies inNovember 15> and Ka/ital in :uly 1.@, Thou#h 'ritten in German and
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/rinted in 6ambur#4 (ar) lived in "ondon and toiled at the %ritish (useum"ibrary in 1-1.@ and Nicola Tesla 15.-1>CB !or'hom I have no s/ace today, =araday&s su/reme achievement 'aselectroma#netic induction 'hich made the electric #enerator /ossible4 and'ithout it your house and all the 'orld 'ould be dar and modern industryunborn, A /enurious technician in ;ir 6um/hry Davies& laboratory4 he 'asunschooled in hi#her mathematics but it is said EIn his mind&s eye =aradayes/ied a !ield 'here others only sa' action at a distanceE, (a#nets attractor re/el4 'ires carryin# electricity attract or re/el de/endin# on 'hethercurrent !lo's in the same or o//osite directions4 but 'here others/ondered this action at a distance4 (ichael =araday sa' electric andma#netic !ields /ervadin# the s/ace in bet'een and all around, (a)'ell#ave !orm and mathematical substance to this conce/t in the 'onder!uls'ell o! his striin# !ormulation,

"i!e and times

:ames4 born :ames 8ler 'as the second son o! advocate :ohn 8ler and=rances 8ay4 a 'ell-o!! ;cottish !amily 'ith connections, :ames 8leradded (a)'ell to his name u/on inheritin# /ro/erty !rom the (a)'ell!amily 'hich claimed linea#e to minor /eers, 6is alma mater 'as*dinbur#h University3 others 'ho s/ort the same old-boy&s tie includeDavid 6ume /hiloso/hy4 :ose/h "ister medicine4 Ale)ander Graham %elltele/hony4 authors alter ;cott4


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is also an old-boy, hile still in school4 at the a#e o! 1C he 'rote amathematical /a/er 'hich 'as /resented to the *dinbur#h 'as /eri/atetic4 holdin# /ositions at8ambrid#e4 (arischal 8olle#e Aberdeen4 Kin#&s 8olle#e "ondon4 and !inally8ambrid#e a#ain as the !irst 8avendish Fro!essor - later 8avendish chairincumbents include :,:, Thom/son discoverer o! the electron and


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niche4 or at least the matter needs to be e)/lored, ?ur domestic maret isminiscule3 it is e)/orts that 'e have to bear in mind throu#h oint ventures'ith India and the #lobal /hotonics #iants that India 'ill have to en#a#e'ith,

6ere is the reason 'hy 'e may be able to cash in on this !ortuitouso//ortunity, India has only 25 /hotonics manu!acturers em/loyin# in totalabout 200 en#ineers and 1000 technicians this may be a little dated,Fhotonics com/anies are clustered around universities and researchinstitutes in %an#alore4 8ochin and 6yderabad in the south, India is alsohome to desi#n centres o! #lobal entities such as U; #iant IFG Fhotonics4=rance&s Alcatel-"ucent and smaller 6oney'ell4 8isco4 8ienna4 Tyco*lectronics and Al/hion, 8om/ared to 8hina4 India&s /hotonicsmanu!acturin# ca/ability is nearly 9ero4 but its domestic maret and e)/ort/otential are si9able, I! /hotonics taes o!! in India in the ne)t decade4 as

it surely must4 "ana 'ill be no com/etitor but could be a su//ortive/artner, hy not "anan science /ars and manu!acturin# !acilitiessu//lement %an#alore and 8ochinH

India has to4 'ill have to4 mae si9able investments in all as/ects o!/hotonic and o/tical !ibre technolo#y3 it 'ill have to enter ventures 'iththe best o! the best in the U;4 8anada and Germany3 a side-sho' 'ith"ana 'ill be 'in-'in !or both sides, "*D chi/ and "*D /aca#in# are theeasiest lines to #et started and one can antici/ate e)/lodin# demand in

India4 but there is no need !or "ana to limit itsel! to the lo'-tech end, I!'here 8hina has already #one is 'here India 'ill have to #o4 or even hal!'ay4 the !uture /romises !ormidable #ro'th, ;o let me end 'ith a !e''ords about the status o! /hotonics manu!acturin# and research in 8hina,

The number o! /eo/le 'orin# in /hotonics is hu#e and the 8hinese state/rovides !inancial su//ort and !osters industry oriented and !undamentalresearch, ;tate Key "abs ;K" - there are 220 in various !ields are theinstitutions throu#h 'hich the country ho/es to sur#e !or'ard, The ;K"

system is a measure o! its maor research commitment and ca/ability,There are 2@ ;K"s involved in o/toelectronics and lasers,


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India lacs even a !raction o! this4 but has no o/tion but to !ollo' the /ied-/i/er, 8an "ana /lay its cards to cash in /recisely because India is a latestarterH 8hina is not #oin# to divert its to/ /hotonics manu!acturin# andresearch ca/ability this !ar across the oceans to a location se/arated by

ust 22 miles o! shallo' 'ater !rom a strate#ic rival, %i# /eo/le in our/rivate sector and #overnment tal a lot about e)/ort orientation and hi#htech investment4 but do any o! them en#a#e in lateral thinin# or mullover these matters a little more in the concreteH *ventually /hotonics4 o!course4 may not be the best or the ri#ht choice4 but are they concretelylooin# at any o/tions at allH

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Celebrating 150 Years of James Clerk Maxwell This (2015) is the International Year of Light