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Lily Campbell Cell City Thesis I Paul Carlos Fall 2011
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SENIOR THESIS 1
PAUL CARLOS
FALL 2011
PUCD 4205 F
CRN: 5339
CELL CITIES
LILY CAMPBELL
CELL CITIES
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
RESEARCHadditional topics
example analogy
additional analogies
cell diagram
illustration inspiration
cover inspiration
cut out inspiration
dimensional inspiration
book size inspiration
interactive inspiration
additional inspiration
MY BOOKselected inspiration
initial explorations
CONTACT
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CELL CITIES
translating organelles and proteins
into memorable characters, so when
students are introduced to these
concepts/processes at a higher level
of education, they may remember
the book they once read, perhaps
even unconsciously, and already be
familiar, comfortable, and interested
in the material.
The first book will introduce the anal-
ogy of a cell as a city (see page 3.) By
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
Children read books about people
everyday, but these are generally
about the human as a whole, not the
most basic parts of a human: their
cells. I plan on creating a series of
books which will introduce elemen-
tary students to cellular biology &
genetics concepts before many edu-
cators would consider them ready.
The books will use analogies for
complex concepts like DNA replica-
tion, cell division, or cell mutation, by
using something familiar like a city,
kids will more easily understand how
the cell functions. The books that
follow will center around a crisis,
special event, or specific part of the
city in order to go more indepth or
descirbe a specific process of the
cell. For example, cell division would
be explained in a book in which a city
decides to break off into two cities,
and therefore needs to double all of
it’s buildings, departments, etc.
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ADDITIONAL TOPICS:
MOLECULE TRANSPORT
Cells must transport nutrients and
other molecules in and out of their
cytoplasm in order to survive and
thrive.
DNA REPLICATION
The most important goal of a cell is to
survive & make more of themselves.
To do so they must replicate their
DNA.
CELLULAR REPRODUCTION
Cell replication can either occur via
mitosis or meiosis. This splitting of
one cell into two is quite an amazing
process.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Proteins have diverse functions
inside the cells including being the
building blocks for all organelles, so
protein creation is crutial.
CELLULAR METABOLISM
Animals consume food to get energy,
plants process sunlight for energy,
but these energy sources must be
converted into more useful forms of
energy for use in the cell.
CELLULAR SIGNALING
Cells need to communicate with each
other to synchronize their functions.
If you think about the postal service,
or a service like UPS, they practi-
cally copy this process. They recieve
some sort of material (protein) which
needs to be transported from it’s cur-
rent location to another either inside
the city (cell) or outside the city (to
another cell.) The post office will
then place the material in a box, usu-
ally with bubble wrap or peanuts for
protection (fluid filled vesicle,) and
place a label with the destination ad-
dress and return address (membrane
proteins.) This way the recipient
can tell if the package was intended
for them, and if they should open it
(much like the membrane, should it
recieve a vesicle.)
EXAMPLE ANALOGY:
One common analogy used in high
school to help students better un-
derstand the functions of cellular
organelles is a city. If you think of
the entire cell as a town or city, each
organelle can take on the function of
buildings/departments in the com-
munity, while proteins act as the
materials used in the poduction of
the city & everything in it.
Let’s look at a single organelle to
better illustrate this cell as city
concept. The Golgi Apparatus (some-
times refered to as the Golgi Bod-
ies or the Golgi Complex) modiifies,
sorts, and packages macromolecules
for cell secretion. These macromol-
ecules (usually proteins) are deliv-
ered via the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
The Golgi then packages the proteins
inside a transport vesicle and marks
the vesicle with membrane proteins
for recognition by the recipient of the
vesicles contents. These processes
ensure the proteins will be delivered
safely, to the correct organelle, and
opened only when intended.
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CELL CITIES
CITY ANALOGIES
City
City Limits
City Wall
Steel Girders or Physical City Structure
Lawns and Parks
Highways or Road System
Farms/Factories
Post Office or UPS
Solar Energy Plants
Police Department
Energy Plants
City Hall (or the mayor)
Original Blueprints or the city
Copies of Blueprints
Farm & Factory Construction
Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Packages, Warehouses,
Water Towers, or Garbage Dumps
Air or atmosphere
Rolled up blueprints
Raw Material
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
CYTOSKELETON
CYTOPLASM
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
RIBOSOMES
GOLGI APPARATUS/BODIES
CHLOROPLASTS
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEUS
DNA
RNA
NUCLEOLUS
LYSOSOMES
VACUOLES AND VESICLES
PROTOPLASM
CHROMOSOMES
PROTEINS
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CITY ANALOGIES
City
City Limits
City Wall
Steel Girders or Physical City Structure
Lawns and Parks
Highways or Road System
Farms/Factories
Post Office or UPS
Solar Energy Plants
Police Department
Energy Plants
City Hall (or the mayor)
Original Blueprints or the city
Copies of Blueprints
Farm & Factory Construction
Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Packages, Warehouses,
Water Towers, or Garbage Dumps
Air or atmosphere
Rolled up blueprints
Raw Material
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CELL CITIES
ILLUSTATIONS:
I began looking at children’s books to
understand what kind of illustrations
kids relate to and appreciate. In-
cluded here are pieces with a graphic
style that I personally relate to and
could potentially translate into a
book about cellular cities for kids.
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CELL CITIES
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COVERS:
Included on the right are covers I
found interesting beause of either
illustration or hand done type. If
possible, I will combine some simple
illustations with hand done type to
illustrate the action.
CUT OUTS:
This page includes some interest-
ing examples of how cut outs or die
cuts can provide interacting within
a book. Many of these examples
like the cut outs which flip to reveal
more information, and the spinning
dial with the rivit may be useful
when hiding/displaying information
about the related organelle.
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CELL CITIES
DIMENSIONAL BOOKS:
Many of the books I found incorporat-
ed some sort of 3d element whether
it be an attached element which can
be played with or a textured area to
illustrate material.
This sort of addition may work in
my books in order to differentiate
between organelles and the cell or
to create areas where children can
physically move parts of the book.
For example the golgi apparatus
page could include proteins that the
children could remove from the en-
doplasmic reticulum, move through
the golgi, and into a vesicle on the
other side. perhaps they could even
add the membrane proteins.
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BOOK SIZE:
When it comes to book sizes for
children, the bigger the better, in my
opinion. When children make their
own books, they want to use the big-
gest paper, write a big as possible,
and stretch their illustrations across
the entire page. When reading in a
group of children it seems inconvi-
nent for one of the children to hold
the book while the others look on,
instead they tend to lay the book on
the ground and lay infront of it, so
everyone can be as close as pos-
sible, help turn the pages, follow
along with their finger when they
read aloud, and interact with the
illustrations (especially if these are
interective illustrations.)
Many times children’s books are
read aloud by either a teacher or
parent, in which case, it’s incredibly
useful to have an oversized book.
The adult (or student even) is able to
read while sharing the illustrations
with the entire group.
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CELL CITIES
INTERACTIVITY:
Because I am currently hoping to
include so many interactive fea-
tures, it may make more sense for
this project to manifest itself in the
form of an ipad app or website. I am
reluctant to propose such a project
because of my own limitations. But if
time allows,
I would really like to translate cell
cities into a more accessable media
like the ipad or the internet.
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ADITIONAL INFLUENCES:
The book to the right (an above) was
a book I had when I was ten. The first
few pages included a cartoon of the
security guard at an art museum
waking up and realizing that the
museum had been broken into, and
10 painting replaced with frauds. You
continue through the book doing a
sort of spot the differences technique
refereneing the paintings currently in
the museum with those in a cata-
logue on the bottom half of the book.
The book kept me entertained for
hours trying to solve the mystery of
who stole which painting. The book
may actually be the reason I became
fascinated with art and decided to
come to parsons.
My brother had the rug on the bot-
tom right when we younger, and we
used to play on top of it with trucks,
barbies, polly pockets, and animal
figurines. This sort of a large scale
map could work for my interactive
book. A cell or city map where kids
can place in organelles and interact
with the system as a whole.
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CELL CITIES
THE BOOK:
After looking at all the previous influ-
ences I found a few objects which
will provide me with a more precise
direction. I would really like to use
some form of cut and reveal. I love
the bright graphic illustrations in the
book (above center.)
The PR3 book (bottom right) caused
me to reconsider my target group.
This book could potentially be
condensed into a book where every
chapter covers an event in the cell, it
could be bound beautifully like this
one, and I could see a bunch of nerdy
young teenagers carrying the book
around (excuse my use of the word
nerd but I would have considered
myself one at that age.)
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To the right, I began to play with the
buildings as more simplifies icons,
inspired by the PR3 book. But then I
began to think, why can’t the build-
ings be actual characters, like char-
acters in many traditional childrens
books. This will make the organelles
more memorable and relatable
chloroplasts act like factories in plants taking in energy from the sun and converting it into energy for the cell to use.
CELL CITY
PLAY TIME:
On the bottom of the opposite page
I began to play with how parts of the
city could be introduced. This illusta-
tion, however, has not undergone any
revisions and I don’t believe they are
very useful in conveying the informa-
tion nessesary. On the bottom of this
page I have begun to play around with
how a cut and reveal may work to my
advantage, by cutting out the shape
of the organelle from the building it
will imply a connection between the
building and the organelle.
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CELL CITIES
CITY PLANNING:
I began looking at books concerning
city planning, hoping to find a city
that already imitates the structure
of a cell. I found a few real cities like
Paris in the 1500s and ancient Ath-
ens, as well as a few imaginary cities
which may serve as a bridge between
city and cell.
In my research I happened upon a
list of city ‘types’ including the com-
mercial city, the industrial city, the
transportation city, the recreational
city, educational cities, mining com-
munities, retirement communities,
governmental centers, and combina-
tion cities. This classification could
be an alternitive way to organize
these cell city stories into seperate
books, although not all of these city
‘types’ will work for a cell (i.e. retire-
ment city)
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CELL CITIES
CITY PLANNING:
Many of the books regarding city
planning that I happened upon
included these city overviews which
I think are visually really interest-
ing, even by themselves. I also came
across a book (on the right) that have
different sized pages for pages with
text and pages. This could also be
an interesting addition to the book
which will add visual and interactive
interest. The book could have many
different sized pages and somehow
fold out to become a large cellular
city map.
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CELL CITIES
FOLDING INSPIRATION:
The books I found, on the previous
pages, caused me to look back for
more inspiration. I love the red book
below and think the spacial quality of
it is really interesting. There may be
a way to incorporate this kind of pop-
up quality into my book.
On the opposite page, a few circular
forms I found interesting appear.
The book in the center have a circu-
lar die-cut through the center with
materials added across and through
the circle. The folded book below has
interesting color forms which may
influence the final illustrations.
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FOLDING & CORK:
Folding the entire book out may be
an interesting way to add interactivity
for kids back in.
Robert Hooke saw the first (and
coined the term) cell around 1665
relating their appearance to that of a
monk’s cell. Below is one of his origi-
nal observational drawings of a cork
cell through a microscope. Because
the first cell was seen in a cork cell,
I feel it would be make sense that
some part of the book involve cork.
Some uses of cork appear opposite.
CELL CITIES
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PROTOTYPING PHASE 1:
I began playing with illustration once
I had written a rough draft for a piece
of the cell division book. My illustator
sketches were turning out too child-
ish like the one below, so I decided
to try making spreads a bit darker.
Below right, are two variations of one
of these spreads. Above is a pos-
sible overview of the city, the white
is proposed ‘road ways’ through the
city. The nucleus or town hall will be
placed in the center with other build-
ings placed in empty quadrants of the
circle. These may end up in the shape
of a C as seen on the opposite page.
Many of these quadrants will be left
empty for use in the stories.
CELL CITIES
& THE CITY WENT TO WORK, SLOWLY PUSHING THEIR CITY IN TWO
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SAMPLE STORY:
... The people of the city worked
hard, and the city thrived.
They produced more food than they
would ever be able to eat,
more power than they would ever be
capible of consuming,
more materials than they would ever
be able to use,
and more waste than they had room
for in their {dome}.
In fear of lysis, the town assembled
at the town nucleus where the
mayor demanded all government
buildings begin doubling their staff
and construction of new facilities.
Knowing how energy intensive
avoiding a break in the dome was
going to be, he asked energy plants
to quickly take over the entire
southern quarter of the city.
Building materials were quickly
delivered to construction sites, and
the city doubled within a few days.
In the meantime, the town hall was
carfully drawing copies of the entire
town’s specifications. {including the
book of laws, blueprints to all the
buildings in the city and city plans.}
As soon as the {centromere}
completed it’s replication, the people
of {} city gathered to transport the
new building across town.
With the {centromere} on the
opposite side of the city, citizens
unwrapped and ran to the center of
town.
Upon their arrival, they were greated
by the rest of the town who had
gathered to witness the ceremonies.
The blueprints had been layed
across the hall’s lawn in pairs. The
town quickly wrapped one of every
pair in the ribbons.
A parade of people rushed in
following the ribbon bearers from
the opposite side of the city. They
tied the remaining blueprints in the
ribbons.
The crowd grew silent.
{TRANSLATION OF CELL SIGNAL:
phone call to mayor?}
And the city went to work, slowly
pushing their city into two cities,
stretching and reconfiguring the
supports for the dome along the
stretch.
..TOWN HALL SPLITS RECONFIGUREDS ON OPPOSITE SIDES AND RUNS ITS OWN TOWN THROUGH THE REMANDER OF THE DIVIDE
& THE CITY WENT TO WORK, SLOWLY PUSHING THEIR CITY IN TWO
CELL CITIES
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GOOGLE SKETCH UP:
Because I have to illustrate a a cel-
lular city, I decided it would benifi-
cial to begin drawing the physical
city structure in google sketch up.
Perhaps these models could eventu-
ally be turned into illustrations by
bringing them into photoshop. Even
if these only end up being reference
for perspective drawing or as a map
of the city to ensure consistancy
throughout the book.
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TO DO LIST:
PROTOTYPING: WINTER 2011-2012
» Draft of text for all books
» Storyboard for all books
» Finish SketchUp model
» Size exploration
» Binding exploration
» Type/format exploration
» Integration of cork/cutouts/folding
PRODUCTION: SPRING 2012
» Finalized text
» Illustrations for spreads
» Branding
» Cover design
» Packaging/extras?
» Box set
TESTING: SUMMER 2012
» Summer camp testing
» Game/Interactive integration
REVISIONS: FALL 2012
» Thesis II
» Feedback from summer 2012 testing
CELL CITIES
email:
[email protected]@newschool.edu
phone:
802.236.5724
mailing address:
Lily Campbell439 W 51st Apt 1ENew York, NY 10019
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{APPLAUSE}
