Cell DivisionMitosis

Overview of Mitosis1 Cell (mother cell) divides into 2 Cells (daughter cells)

Each new cell is an exact copy of the mother cell

Importance of MitosisGrowth adding new cells

Replacement replacing dead cells

Repair Replacing cells that are damaged or injured

Structures - NucleusThe Nucleus is the control center of the cellChromatin is the threadlike structures in the nucleusChromatin is made of DNA and a few other things

Structures Nuclear MembraneThe Nuclear Membrane separates the nucleus from the rest of the cellThe Nuclear Membrane disappears during cell division

Structures - ChromosomesChromosomes are visible when a cell is dividingAll species of plants and animals have a certain number of chromosomes in their body cells

Structures - ChromosomesChromosomes are made of two chromatids connected by a centromere

Structures - GenesGenes are structures or locations on the chromosomes that carry information for the cells activity

Genes carry coded instructions that are similar to an architects blueprint

Structures - DNADNA is the chemical that makes up genes and chromosomes

Structures - CentriolesCentrioles are organelles outside the nucleus that anchor the spindle fibers

Structures Spindle FibersSpindle fibers form when a cell is dividingThey pull chromosomes to opposite ends of the mother cell

Chromosome NumbersAll members of an animal or plant species have the same number of chromosomesExamplesMan 46 (23 pair) ChromosomesMidge 4 (2 pair)Crayfish 208Fern 768Pea 14Corn 20Monkey 42Rabbit 44Mouse 4Moth 62Potato 48Tomato 24Sunflower-34Frog-26Cow-60Horse-64

The Cell CycleThe cellscycle includes a resting phase, the 4 phases of mitosis, and cell separation.InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesis

Mitosis - InterphaseInterphase is a resting phase - a period of growth and development where the chromosomes are not visible.Duplication of the chromosomes takes place (exact copies are made)

Mitosis - ProphaseIn Prophase, the chromosomes become visible under a microscopeThey become short, thick, and paired upThe nuclear membrane begins to disappear

Mitosis - MetaphaseNuclear Membrane completely gonePairs of Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cellSpindle fibers attach to the chromosome pairs

Mitosis - AnaphaseThe chromosomes are pulled apart and the chromatids are pulled and move to the opposite ends of the cell

Mitosis - TelophaseSpindle fibers disappearChromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance. A new nuclear membrane forms around each region of chromosomes.

CytokinesisCell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell.The result is a new daughter cell that is identical to the parent cell. It should have the same number of identical chromosomes.