Cell Energy:Cell Energy:Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis & Respiration

Chapter 5, Section 1

Today’s Learning GoalsToday’s Learning Goals In plants, In plants, chlorophyllchlorophyll (found in (found in

chloroplasts) captures energy chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make from the sun in order to make foodfood during photosynthesis during photosynthesis

Cells release Cells release energyenergy from food from food through either through either cellular cellular respirationrespiration or or fermentationfermentation

Why it matters: Understanding Why it matters: Understanding how plants & animals get how plants & animals get energy to energy to growgrow & & developdevelop is an is an important part of biology.important part of biology.

How Does a Plant Make It’s Own How Does a Plant Make It’s Own Food?Food?

Plants use carbon dioxide (Plants use carbon dioxide (COCO22), water (), water (HH22OO), and ), and

sun’s energysun’s energy to make food. to make food. This is called “This is called “photosynthesisphotosynthesis” ” The food gives plants The food gives plants energyenergy Animals get the Animals get the

energy stored in energy stored in plantsplants when they when they eat them. eat them.

How Do Plants Get Energy From Sun? How Do Plants Get Energy From Sun? Plants have Plants have pigmentspigments that that

absorb energy from lightabsorb energy from light ChlorophyllChlorophyll (found in (found in

chloroplasts) is the pigment chloroplasts) is the pigment used in photosynthesisused in photosynthesis

What “Food” do Plants Make?What “Food” do Plants Make?

The “food” plants The “food” plants make is a make is a sugarsugar called glucose called glucose (C(C66HH1212OO66).).

Glucose and Glucose and oxygen oxygen (O(O22) are made during ) are made during

photosynthesis.photosynthesis.

How Do Organisms Get Energy How Do Organisms Get Energy From Food?From Food?

Animals cannot make their Animals cannot make their own foodown food like plants can. like plants can. But, BOTH plants and animals must But, BOTH plants and animals must break downbreak down (digest) (digest)

food in order to get food in order to get energyenergy from it (so they can live, grow, from it (so they can live, grow, & develop)& develop)

Cells do this Cells do this 22 ways: cellular respiration and fermentation ways: cellular respiration and fermentation

Cellular Respiration & FermentationCellular Respiration & Fermentation

Cellular Respiration uses Cellular Respiration uses oxygenoxygen (O (O22) to break down food) to break down food Fermentation does Fermentation does not not use use oxygenoxygen Cellular respiration releases Cellular respiration releases more energymore energy from food than from food than

Fermentation.Fermentation. So most So most eukaryoteseukaryotes

(ex: plants & animals) (ex: plants & animals) get their energy through get their energy through cellular respiration cellular respiration

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration = Cellular Respiration = chemical process that chemical process that happens in happens in cellscells

In prokaryotes, it In prokaryotes, it happens in the happens in the cell cell membranesmembranes

In eukaryotes, it In eukaryotes, it happens mostly in the happens mostly in the mitochondriamitochondria

Process of Cellular RespirationProcess of Cellular Respiration Food (glucose) is broken down into COFood (glucose) is broken down into CO22 and H and H22O and O and

energy is energy is releasedreleased CC66HH1212OO66 + 6 + 6 OO22 6 6 COCO22 + 6 + 6 HH22OO + + energyenergy (ATP) (ATP)

This energy can be used for:This energy can be used for: Keeping a constant Keeping a constant body temperaturebody temperature StorageStorage (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth (ATP) - to be used later for things like growth

What Do You Notice?What Do You Notice?

Check It Out!Check It Out! Did you notice Did you notice

that cellular that cellular respiration is just respiration is just the the oppositeopposite of of photosynthesis?photosynthesis?

FermentationFermentation Happens when cells cannot Happens when cells cannot

get the get the oxygenoxygen they need for they need for cellular respirationcellular respiration

Fermentation is a way to getFermentation is a way to get energy energy when oxygen isn’t when oxygen isn’t availableavailable

Ex: In short, fast races you Ex: In short, fast races you might get a might get a burning feelingburning feeling in you in you leg musclesleg muscles because of because of a build up of lactic acid (made a build up of lactic acid (made during fermentation)during fermentation)

Pop QuizPop Quiz1) Plants use carbon dioxide (____), water (____), and the sun’s 1) Plants use carbon dioxide (____), water (____), and the sun’s

energy to make food.energy to make food. COCO2 2 andand HH22OO

2) What type of cell has chloroplasts?2) What type of cell has chloroplasts?PLANT CELLPLANT CELL

3) BOTH plants and animals must break down food in order to get 3) BOTH plants and animals must break down food in order to get ________from it.________from it.ENERGYENERGY

4) How are respiration and photosynthesis related?4) How are respiration and photosynthesis related?THEY ARE THE REVERSE (OPPOSITE) OF EACH OTHER.THEY ARE THE REVERSE (OPPOSITE) OF EACH OTHER.

5) Fermentation is a way to get energy when ______ isn’t 5) Fermentation is a way to get energy when ______ isn’t available.available.

OXYGENOXYGEN

Today’s Learning GoalsToday’s Learning Goals In plants, chloroplasts capture In plants, chloroplasts capture

energy from the sun in order energy from the sun in order to make food during to make food during photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Cells release energy from food Cells release energy from food through either cellular through either cellular respiration of fermentationrespiration of fermentation

Why it matters: Understanding Why it matters: Understanding how plants & animals get how plants & animals get energy to grow & develop is an energy to grow & develop is an important part of biology.important part of biology.