Cell structures & Functions

Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial

Cell

Organelles

• Structures that carry out a specific activities in the cell.

• Found in the

cytoplasm

Cell membrane

• Location: Surrounding the cell

• Function: Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell– “Selectively permeable”

•Made of proteins and phospholipids

Cytoplasm• Location: most of cell

• Function: jelly like substance that provides support for organelles, and a place for reactions to occur.

Nucleus• Location: center of cell, bound by

the nuclear membrane.

• Function: controls the normal activities of the cell.

–Contains chromosomes!

Nucleolus

• Location: inside Nucleus

• Function: makes ribosomes.

Ribosomes• Location: cytoplasm, and on the

Rough ER

• Function: structure on which proteins are made.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Smooth ER

–lacks ribosomes• Rough ER

–has ribosomes

on its surface

A highly folded membrane used to move proteins through the cell.

Two types:

Can you tell rough ER from smooth ER?

Golgi Apparatus

• Flattened membrane bound sacs

• Function: packaging and distribution center

-Contains enzymes that modify proteins received in vesicles from the ER.

-Then repackaged in new vesicles to be shipped out

Lysosome• Small, spherical vesicles

Function: Contains cells digestive enzymes– Breaks down foods, and worn out cell parts

Mitochondria• Function: harvests energy from organic

compounds to make ATP (energy)

• Has its own DNA and ribosomes

• Primitive prokaryotes are the ancestors of mitochondria

Cytoskeleton• Made up of Microtubules &

Microfilaments

• Function: Structure & support

Plant Cells

Chloroplast• Function: photosynthesis - traps

sunlight to make sugars (food)

• Contain green pigment called chlorophyll

Vacuole• Function: stores compounds such as sugars,

proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments, maintains cell structure (turgidity)

• Large single central vacuole

Cell wall• Function: Gives shape to cell,

protection, support, prevents excess water entry & “Lysing”

• Made of cellulose, very rigid

• Outside cell membrane

Differences between plant Differences between plant cells and animal cellscells and animal cells

• Animal Cell

• Smaller in size

• Irregular shape

• Nucleus in center

• No cell wall

• Vacuole small or none at all

• No chloroplasts

• Plant Cell

• Larger in size

• Regular shape

• Nucleus against wall

• Cell wall

• Single large Central vacuole

• Chloroplasts

Cells viewed in Lab

Cork Cells

10X

40X 100X

Elodea cells

Chloroplasts

Onion Cell

Nucleus

Cheek cells