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Cells and Cell Organelles

Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

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Page 1: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Cells and Cell Organelles

Page 2: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Cells and Organelles

Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has• structure • function• organization

Organelles are the parts within a cell that work together for the cell to function.• Made up of molecules

Page 3: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

The Plasma Membrane(in all cells)

• It is a semi-permeable barrier that allows for the passage of some things based upon ______, _______, and _____________.size charges

solubility in fat

Page 4: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

• Fingerlike-projections from the cell’s membrane

• increase the surface area for better absorption or excretion

Plasma Membrane’s Microvilli

(animal cells)

Page 5: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Cell Wall(in plant cells and prokaryotic cells)

• Surrounding the , this 1. provides support2. protectsplant cells and prokaryotes

plasma membrane

Page 6: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Cytoplasm(in all cells)

• The jelly-like fluid that holds all organelles (cell parts) within the cell

Page 7: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

• Hair-like projections that aide in movement

• Cilia are shorter, more numerous and move back & forth

• Flagella are longer & move in a snake-like motion.

Cilia and Flagella (in all cells)

Page 8: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Nucleus and nucleolus(in eukaryotic cells)

• _________make ribosomes in the nucleus

• Nucleus holdsDNA wrappedaround proteins that form ________

• ____________, allow things to pass into and out of the nucleus

SEM of a freeze-fractured nuclear membrane

TEM of nuclear pores

Nucleolus

chromatinNuclear pores

Page 9: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Ribosomes: (in all cells)

Function in

TEM of ribosomes

Free ribosomes

Attached ribosomes(on ER)

protein synthesis (formation)

Ribosome unit

1.Proteins made by free ribosomes stay in the cell

2.Proteins made by attached ribosomes are shipped out of the cell or sent to the membrane

Page 10: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Endoplasmic Reticulum(in eukaryotic cells)

There are two types:1. ER has

ribosomes attached.• Modifies & transports

proteins

2. ER does not have ribosomes on it.

• Makes • Breaks down carbohydrates• Detoxifies drugs & poisons

Rough

Smooth

lipids (fat)

Page 11: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Vesicles (in eukaryotic cells)

Organelles that transport proteins from the ER to the golgi apparatus and eventually to the plasma membrane

Page 12: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Golgi Apparatus (in eukaryotic cells)

_______ carrying protein from the ER move here.It sorts, packages, and ships these proteins outside the cell or to the membrane.

Vesicles

Page 13: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Mitochondria (in eukaryotic cells)

takes place here.

It is the “____________” of the cell because it creates energy called ATP using oxygen gas and sugar

Cellular Respirationpowerhouse

Page 14: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Chloroplasts (in plant cells)

• This changes energy from the sun into chemical energy (sugar)

in a process is called. To do this, H2O is

also needed, and CO2 is

released.

photosynthesis

Page 15: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Vacuoles (in eukaryotic cells)

• Large, central organelle in plants that stores water for photosynthesis

• In animals, it stores water, waste, and food and is small in size compared to plant vacuoles

Page 16: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

The Cytoskeleton (in all cells)

• A cell’s internal skeleton

Page 17: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

2. Moves the organelles within the cell and helps move flagella/cilia

Organelle

The Cytoskeleton (in all cells)

1. Provides shape and support (skeletal)

Page 18: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Centrosome (in eukaryotic cells) and Centrioles (in animal cells only)

• Centrosomes (in eukaryotes) make parts of the cytoskeleton and spindle fibers that help in cell division.

• In animal cells, a pair of structures called (made of cytoskeleton) also help

in cell division.centrioles

centrioles

Centrosome(halo)

Page 19: Cells and Cell Organelles. Cells and Organelles Cells are the basic “living” unit in an organism that has structure function organization Organelles are

Lysosomes (in animal cells)

• Special vacuole in animal cells with _________ enzymes that help clean-up the cell

digestive Lysosome engulfing a worn-out organelle