CellsCells

Basic unit of structure of living thingsBasic unit of structure of living things Use energyUse energy Grow & developGrow & develop ReproduceReproduce Use raw materialsUse raw materials Respond to their environmentRespond to their environment Give off wastesGive off wastes

HistoryHistory In 1665 Robert Hook discovered cells (dead) using In 1665 Robert Hook discovered cells (dead) using

a primitive microscope.a primitive microscope.

1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living cells in 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw living cells in pond waterpond water

Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodore Schwann Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodore Schwann (animals) observed plant and animal cells (animals) observed plant and animal cells concluding that all living things are made of cells.concluding that all living things are made of cells.

Rudolf Virchow hypothesized that all cells come Rudolf Virchow hypothesized that all cells come from other cells. from other cells.

Cell TheoryCell Theory

1.1. All organisms are made up of one or All organisms are made up of one or more cells.more cells.

2.2. The cell is the basic unit of living The cell is the basic unit of living things.things.

3.3. All cells come from other living All cells come from other living cells.cells.

Cell TypesCell TypesProkaryoticProkaryotic

EukaryoticEukaryotic- Simple - ComplexSimple - Complex- No Nucleus - NucleusNo Nucleus - Nucleus- Bacteria -Bacteria - Plant, animal fungi, Plant, animal fungi,

protistprotist

WHAT CELLS NEEDWHAT CELLS NEED

NUTRIENT SOURCE WHY IT’S NEEDED

Proteins Fish, Cheese, Beans

Main building block of the cell so is essential for growth &

repair

Carbohydrates Grains, Vegetables,

and Fruits

ENERGY – (simple sugars are broken down & energy is

released)

Lipids (fats) Butter, oils, margarine

Energy – (same as carbohydrates) but has twice as

much energy as an equal amount of simple sugar (takes longer to

convert).

Nucleic Acids All foods DNA & RNA

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Cell Membrane

Surrounds the cell. Protects, allows/controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Nucleus

Control center of the cell. Genetic material – DNA chromosomes ( as chromatin) are found in the nucleus.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like material which holds all the organelles between the cell membrane and the nucleus

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

CELL WALL

GIVES SUPPORT, PROTECTION AND SHAPE TO PLANT CELLS AND MANY single-celled organisms. Contains cellulose.

Chloroplast Green structure present in all plant cells that make food. Contains chlorophyll which is the green pigment that allows the cell to trap the energy of sunlight to create glucose (food) by photosynthesis.

Mitochondrion Powerhouse of the cell. Sausage shaped with accordion folded membrane inside. Site of respiration. Breaks down food molecules to make energy (ATP) as needed.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

SURROUNDS & PROTECTS THE NUCLEUS.

Allows movement of some substances into and out of the

nucleus.

Ribosome

Found along the edges of the membrane in ER and free in the cytoplasm. They hook together amino acids to make proteins for export to the Golgi bodies

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum is the transport system of the cell and is made of folded membrane. The RER is where Protein is assembled for export to the Golgi bodies.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum

The SER is chiefly involved with the production of lipids (fats), and the detoxification of drugs and poisons. The brain, muscles, and liver have a more extensive SER than other cells do.

VACUOLES ROUND, MOSTLY CLEAR STORAGE STRUCTURE.Stores water, waste and food as dissolved minerals

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Chromosomes Thread-like strands of DNA found in the nucleus. Determines the traits of the cell.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

Lysosomes

Organelle which digest waste, worn out cell parts, foreign invaders and food molecules. Quickly breaks down a cell when it dies. Thin membrane protects a healthy cell from the digestive acids.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION

GOLGI BODIES

(or complex)

PROTEINS ARE PROCESSED AND PACKAGED here for export when needed outside the cell.

PICTURE ORGANELLE FUNCTION