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CELLULAR RESPIRATION Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. , unless otherwise noted

CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Bakersfield College 11... · cellular respiration Cellular Energy 19 . Aerobic Cellular Respiration Two forms of glucose molecule; both found in solution

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11

Illustrations ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. , unless otherwise noted

Cellular Respiration

• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP

Cellular Energy 2

Cellular Respiration

• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP

• Provides all energy used by cell

Cellular Energy 3

Cellular Respiration

• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP

• Provides all energy used by cell

• Occurs in mitochondrion

Cellular Energy 4

Cellular Respiration

• Can occur with or without O2

– Aerobic respiration occurs with O2

• Most organisms

– Anaerobic respiration occurs without O2

• Strict anaerobes only respire without O2

• Facultative anaerobes use O2 if it’s present – Ex. Human muscle cells will go into O2 debt if no O2

– Ex. Yeast will produce ethanol if no O2

Cellular Energy 5

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Overall Equation:

And always some energy lost as waste heat

Cellular Energy 6

ATP transfers energy within the cell

Cellular Energy 7

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• 4 basic steps

Goal of each step is to:

– break bonds between carbons

– Get rid of carbons as CO2

– keep the energy from bonds (as e-s) to make ATP

Cellular Energy 8

Modified by A. Garrison

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• 4 basic steps 1. Glycolysis (outside mito)

splits 6C sugar in half

*Steps 2,3,4 occur inside mito

2. 3C molecule converted to 2C molecule

3. Citric Acid Cycle breaks rest of carbons apart

4. Electron Transport Chain uses captured e-s to make ATP

Cellular Energy 9

Modified by A. Garrison

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• Each time bonds are broken, e-s are picked up by an electron carrier (H+s travel with e-s)

– NAD+ and FADH are electron carriers

– NAD+ + 2 e-s + 2H NADH + H+

– FAD + 2 e-s + 2H FADH2

Cellular Energy 10

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Let’s look at the physical properties of electrons in molecules and see what these

captured electrons can do

Cellular Energy 11

Electrons in energy shells of atoms

Cellular Energy 12

H C N O 1 e- 6 e-s 7 e-s 8 e-s

Shell can hold 2 e-s

Shell can hold 8 e-s

Electrons fill lower shells first

Cellular Energy 13

©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison

Electron not stable in higher shell if lower shell not filled

Cellular Energy 14

©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison

Can excite electrons by adding energy

Cellular Energy 15

energy Excited e-

©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison

Electrons will fall back to lower shell and release energy

Cellular Energy 16

Excited e- falls back

Energy released --as light --as heat

©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison

Electron transport – e- falls to lower shell of different molecule

Cellular Energy 17

e- from higher shell falls to lower shell of another molecule

Energy released --as ATP

©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison

Electron transport in mitochondrion

• e-s fall to lower energy shells of successive e- carriers, giving off energy to make ATP

Cellular Energy 18

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Now let’s look at the details of

cellular respiration

Cellular Energy 19

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Two forms of glucose molecule; both found in solution

Cellular Energy 20

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis-- occurs in cytoplasm outside mitochondrion glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ 2 pyruvic acid + 4ATP + 2NADH 6C 3C

Cellular Energy 21

Modified by A. Garrison

NADH

ATP +

NADH

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

2. If no O2 present, 3 C molecule converted to lactic acid; aerobic cellular respiration stops

Cellular Energy 22

Modified by A. Garrison

Glycolysis

NADH

NADH

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

2. If O2 present, 3 C molecule converted to 2C molecule 3C pyruvic acid + NAD+ 2C + CO2 + 2 NADH

Cellular Energy 23

Modified by A. Garrison

+ CO2 + Glycolysis

NADH

NADH

NADH

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

3. Citric Acid Cycle – occurs in matrix of mitochondrion Breaks apart the 2C molecule to get energy in bonds

Cellular Energy 24

NADH

NADH NADH FADH2

2C

+ ATP, NADH, FADH2

CO2

CO2

6C

4C

5C Every step requires specific

enzymes

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

4. Electron Transport Chain– occurs on cristae of mitochondrion

Most ATP made here

Cellular Energy 25

NADH

NADH NADH FADH2

NADH FADH2

Electron transport in mitochondrion

Cellular Energy 26

Electron transport in mitochondrion

Cellular Energy 27

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Cellular Energy 28

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Cellular Energy 29