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Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP. It is an aerobic process

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Page 1: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process
Page 2: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration releases chemical

energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP.

It is an aerobic process.needs oxygen to take place.

Page 3: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Cellular Respiration Cell respiration takes place in the

mitochondria.Foods are broken down into small

molecules like glucose.Glucose is broken down during glycolysis.

Page 4: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Glycolysis Glycolysis

Takes place BEFORE cell respiration.

Splits the glucose molecule into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP.

It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

It is an anaerobic process.○ Does NOT require oxygen

to take place.

Page 5: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Krebs Cycle The first part of cellular respiration.

Sometimes called the citric-acid cycle.

Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration. (NADH and FADH2)

Takes place in the interior space (matrix) of the mitochondria.

Page 6: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Krebs Cycle

1. Pyruvate broken down.Pyruvate is split into 3

molecules of carbon Dioxide which are given off as waste

• 4 molecules of NADH and one FADH2 form.

• They will move to the electron transport chain.

Page 7: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Krebs Cycle Products

• The Krebs cycle will break down TWO pyruvate molecules at the same time.

• Products:– 6 carbon dioxide molecules.– 2 molecules of ATP– 8 molecules of NADH

• Will go to the electron transport chain.– 2 molecules of FADH2

• Will go to the electron transport chain.

Page 8: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Electron Transport Chain Second part of cellular respiration. Energy from the Krebs cycle (NADH and FADH2)

is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

A large number of ATP molecules are made. Oxygen is used to make water molecules.

Water and heat are given off as a waste

Page 9: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Electron Transport Chain1. Electrons removed.

Proteins inside the mitochondrion take high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ○ Two molecules of NADH and one of FADH2 are used.

2. Hydrogen ions transported.Hydrogen ions are built up along the inner

mitochondrial membrane using energy from the electrons.

Page 10: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Electron Transport Chain

Page 11: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Electron Transport Chain Products For EACH molecule of glucose the ETC

can make:Up to 34 molecules of ATP

Page 12: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Cellular Respiration Products• Up to 38 ATP are made from the

breakdown of ONE glucose molecule.– 2 ATP from glycolysis– 36 ATP from cellular respiration (Krebs - 2)

Cycle and Electron Transport Chain - 34)

• Other products include carbon dioxide and water.

• The equation for cellular respiration is:– C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Page 13: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Fermentation• Fermentation is an anaerobic process

that takes place when there is less oxygen in the body (i.e. during strenuous activity)

• Fermentation does NOT make ATP, but it allows glycolysis to continue.– Glycolysis needs NAD+ to pick up electrons

when it splits glucose into pyruvate. – Fermentation removed electrons from

NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis.

Page 14: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Lactic Acid Fermentation in Animals1. Pyruvate and NADH from

glycolysis enter fermentation.Two NADH molecules are used to

convert pyruvate into lactic acid.○ As the NADH is used, it converts

back to NAD+.

2. TWO molecules of NAD+ are recycled back to glycolysis.This allows your body to continue

to break down sugar for energy!

Page 15: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Alcoholic Fermentation in Plants1. Pyruvate and NADH from

glycolysis enter alcoholic fermentation.The NADH molecules provide energy

to break pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide.○ As the NADH are used, they are

converted to NAD+.

2. The molecules of NAD+ are recycled back to glycolysis. The recycling of NAD+ allows

glycolysis to continue.

Page 16: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration and

Photosynthesis are approximately the reverse of each other.

Photosynthesis stores energy. Cellular Respiration releases it.

Page 17: Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon- based molecules to make ATP.  It is an aerobic process

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Organelle for Process

Chloroplast Mitochondria

Reactants CO2 and H2O Sugars (C6H12O6) and O2

Electron Transport Chain

Proteins within thylakoid membrane

Proteins within inner mitochondrial membrane

Cycle of Chemical Reactions

Calvin cycle in stroma of chloroplasts builds sugar molecules.

Krebs cycle in matrix of mitochondria breaks down carbon-based molecules.

Products Sugars (C6H12O6) and O2

CO2 and H2O