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+ Cellular Respiration & Fermentation 4.4, & 4.6

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

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Cellular Respiration & Fermentation. 4.4, & 4.6. 4.4 & 4.6 – Overview of Cellular Respiration & Fermentation. Key Concept: The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen. Cellular respiration is an aerobic process with two main stages. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation4.4, & 4.6

Page 2: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+4.4 & 4.6 – Overview of Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

Key Concept:The overall process of cellular respiration

converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.Cellular respiration is an aerobic process

with two main stages.

Page 3: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+ Purpose of Cellular Respiration

To make ATP from the energy stored in glucoseGlucose comes from an organism

doing photosynthesis themselves or from eating foods containing glucose

Remember: the purpose of photosynthesis was just to get glucose

Page 4: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+ Cellular Respiration has 2 parts

Anaerobic (does not require oxygen)Glycolysis

Aerobic (requires oxygen)Kreb’s Cycle (Citric acid Cycle)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Page 5: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+STOP & REVIEW

1. What is the main reason that an organism needs to go through cellular respiration (to make what)?

1. ATP 2. What word means does not require oxygen? 2. Anaerobic 3. What word means requires oxygen? 3. Aerobic 4. What step of cellular respiration happens first and is anaerobic? 4. Glycolysis 5. What 2 steps happen next in cellular respiration and are aerobic? 5. Krebs Cycle & ETC

Page 6: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+

4. 6CO2

6. ETC: energy from glycolysis and 6O2 enter

1. mitochondrion

matrix (area enclosedby inner membrane)

inner membrane

ATP

ATP

5. Energy transferred to 2nd stage (aerobic stage)ATP

1

4

and

Glycolysis: Anaerobic process in cytoplasm that splits glucoseinto two 3C moleculesMakes 2 ATP

3. Kreb’s CycleTakes place in: matrix of mitochondria; produces 2 ATP

2. 2 Pyruvates

7. 6 H2O produced and a large amount of ATP (32)

Page 7: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+ GlycolysisTakes place in cytoplasm (eukaryotes and

prokaryotes do this step since all cells have cytoplasm)

Splits one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules

Costs the cell 2 ATP molecules to do this4 ATP molecules are produced (only gain 2 ATP)

Page 8: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+STOP & REVIEW

1. Glycolysis (the first step in C.R.) takes place where? 1. Cytoplasm 2. One glucose is split into 2? 2. Pyruvates 3. How many ATP does the cell actually gain from this part? 3. 2 ATP 4.Can prokaryotes and eukaryotes go through glycolysis? Why or

why not? 4.Yes, they both have cytoplasm, so both types of cells can go

through glycolysis.

Page 9: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Takes place in matrix of mitochondria (only

in eukaryotes)2 pyruvate (made during glycolysis) enter the

mitochondrionEach pyruvate is broken down to create 1 ATPTotal products of Kreb’s cycle (because of 2

pyruvates):2 ATP

Page 10: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+STOP & REVIEW

1. The Kreb’s Cycle (second step) takes place where? 1.Matrix of mitochondria 2. The 2 pyruvates from glycolysis are broken down

here to make how many total ATP’s? 2.2 ATP 3. So, with the last step (glycolysis) and this step

(Kreb’s) how many total ATP have been made so far? 3. 4ATP

Page 11: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Takes place in inner membrane of mitochondria (cristae)

Folded to create more surface area for reactions to produce more ATP in a small space

Oxygen and hydrogen ions combine to form water (released as a waste product)

32 ATP are made

Page 12: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+STOP & REVIEW

1. The third step (ETC) takes place where? 1. Inner membrane of mitochondria 2. Why is the inner membrane folded? 2. To create more surface area to make more ATP. 3. What combines here and gets released as waste? 3. H and O combine to make/release water. 4. How many ATP are made by just this step? 4. 32 ATP 5. How many total ATP have been made by all three steps together? 5. 36 ATP

Page 13: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+ ATP from Cellular Respiration

4 from Glycolysis (uses up 2, so really only gain 2 ATP)

2 ATP from Kreb’s cycle32 ATP from ETCGAIN 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

Page 14: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+Equation for Cellular RespirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

Like the reverse of photosynthesis

Page 15: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+ What happens when there’s no/not enough oxygen or there

are no mitochondria? Answer: Fermentation

Two Kinds: Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

Page 16: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+

Allows glycolysis to continue making ATP without oxygen

Page 17: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+Lactic Acid FermentationAnaerobicOccurs in muscle cells

Produces burning feeling in musclesOccurs when body is worked to the point

that more oxygen is being used than what is being taken in

This is why you breathe harder when you’re exercising is to get more oxygen to keep making ATP

Produces Lactic Acid and 2 (net) ATP

Page 18: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+Alcoholic Fermentation

AnaerobicOccurs in some bacteria and yeastProduces CO2, ethyl alcohol, and 2 (net)

ATPUsed in food production (bake bread and

make wine)

Page 19: Cellular Respiration  & Fermentation

+STOP & REVIEW 1. Why does fermentation occur? 1. Because too little or no oxygen is available. 2.Out of all 3 steps of cellular respiration, which one does fermentation only

use? Why? 2. Glycolysis (only one that is anaerobic) 3. Which form of fermentation occurs in animals when not enough oxygen is

consumed? 3. Lactic Acid Fermentation (produces lactic acid) 4. How many ATP are made by this form of fermentation? 4. 2ATP (glycolysis only makes 2) 5. Which form of fermentation do bacteria and yeast use? 5. Alcoholic Fermentation 6.What are the byproducts of this form of fermentation (produced)? 6. Alcohol, 2 ATP, CO2