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Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

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Page 1: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Cellular RespirationHow do cells use food to

make energy (ATP)?Chapter 9

Page 2: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Batteries of Life Adenosine Triphosphate – ATP Adenosine Diphosphate – ADP

Page 3: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

ATP

Page 4: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration

The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy

Page 5: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9
Page 6: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Main Types of Energy-Releasing Pathways

Aerobic pathways

Evolved laterRequire oxygenStart with glycolysis in cytoplasmCompleted in mitochondria

Anaerobic pathways

Evolved firstDon’t require oxygenStart with glycolysis in cytoplasmCompleted in cytoplasm

Page 7: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

3 Steps - When Oxygen is Present

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative

Phosphorylation)

Page 8: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

GlucoseGlycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle

Electrons carried in

NADH and FADH2 Electron

Transport Chain

Mitochondrion

 Cellular Respiration: An Overview

Mitochondrion

Page 9: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Glucose

To the electron transport chain

 Glycolysis

2 Pyruvic acid

Page 10: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Glycolysis

Glucose broken into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid

Oxygen not required 2 ATP are used and 4 ATP and 2

NADH are produced Occurs for a short time because

NAD+ are used up

Page 11: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Krebs Cycle

When O2 is present, pyruvic acid from glycolysis produces CO2, ATP, NADH and FADH2.

1 molecule of Glucose produces 2 turns of the cycle

Page 12: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Citric Acid Production

 The Krebs Cycle

Mitochondrion

Page 13: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Electron Transport Chain

NADH and FADH2 made in glyoclysis and the Krebs Cycle are used to make ATP

Oxygen accepts low energy electrons and H+ to form water.

ATP produced when H+ diffuses across the membrane

Page 14: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Electron Transport Chain

Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Inner Membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane Space

Mitochondrion

Page 15: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

What does 1 molecule of glucose produce?

36-38 ATP

Page 16: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

How do we measure energy?

calorie- the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree celsius.

IMPORTANT NOTE FOR YOUR LIFE

Food is labeled ___Calories/serving Capital letter means Kilocalories =

1000 calories. Package tells you how much energy the

food can give you!

Page 17: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

What happens when O2 isn’t available?

Fermentation 2 Types occurs after glycolysis anaerobic - without oxygen

Alcohol Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation

Page 18: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9
Page 19: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Alcohol Fermentation

Page 20: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Baking

Yeasts during this process release carbon dioxide which causes bread to rise

Page 21: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Glucose Pyruvic acidLactic acid

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Page 22: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

The Burn

Large muscles that run out of oxygen quickly build up lactic acid which causes a painful burning sensation.

This occurs in animal cells

Page 23: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Quick Energy - Anaerobic

4 seconds of ATP in the cell 5 seconds - 90 seconds - Lactic Acid

Fermentation Oxygen debt and Heavy Breathing Anaerobic training builds up

glycogen in the muscles and develops lactic acid tolerance

Page 24: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Priscah Jeptoo: winner for women 2:25:24

Geoffrey Mutai: winner for men: 2:08:07

NYC Marathon 2013

Page 25: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Long-Term Energy - Aerobic

Cellular Respiration after 90 seconds

Glycogen (Carbs) during the first 15-20 minutes

Fats after 20 minutes Aerobic activity increases the size

and number of mitochondria and increase oxygen delivery by improving the heart and lungs

Page 26: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Where does a runner get energy for a 5K race?

1st- any available ATP 2nd- glycolysis and lactic acid

fermentation 3rd- cellular respiration

Break down sugars When out of sugars, break down fats

4th- sometimes revert back to glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation if their body is not fit enough for the distance/terrain.

Page 27: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Where does your body “look” for energy?

1. Carbs (Glucose for CR) When out of carbs…

2. Fats When out of fats…

3. Proteins When out of proteins…you are dead.

Page 28: Cellular Respiration How do cells use food to make energy (ATP)? Chapter 9

Creatine

Creatine Phosphate donates a phosphate to ADP to make more ATP

Prolongs the 4 seconds before lactic acid fermentation

Allows for more repetitions and more intense workouts

If abused could lead to kidney and liver problems