Cellular Respiration NOTES AP OVERVIEW 2009

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    How Cellular Respiration Works

    (What the heck IS cellular respiration?)

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    The EXACT OPPOSITEOF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

    !!!!!!!!

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    ALL living things obtain energy fromcellular respiration.

    Cells break down glucose and obtain ATP.ATP is THEenergy storing molecule of cells.

    Electrons are stripped from glucose aremade to form ATP.

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    OVERVIEW of cellular respiration CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36ATP

    carbohydrate + oxygen carbon + water + energy

    (sugars) dioxide

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    Cellular Respiration Take Two Steps 1.1. GlucoseGlucose is

    converted toPYRUVATE

    producing asmall amountof ATP andNADH.

    (NADH is anelectron carriermolecule)

    When O2 is present,pyruvate and NADHare used to produce

    a large amount ofATP.

    O2

    2.

    When O2

    is NOTpresent, pyruvate isconverted to lactic acidor alcohol.

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    Step 1 - Glycolysis Glycolysis happens in the CYTOPLASM

    of the cell.

    Very little ATP is made here. Means splitting sugars

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    Step 1 GLYCOLYSIS continued

    6-carbon Glucose is split into 2 moleculesof 3-carbon pyvuvate. This uses some

    ATP and makes some ATP.

    NET production = 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

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    Step 2 - WITH OXYGEN CalledAEROBIC RESPIRATION Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA

    Produces LOTS of ATP

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    Step 2 - continued KREBS CYCLE - in t he matrix

    of the mitochondria Series of reactions that produces:

    ATP

    electron carriers (NADH) and (FADH2),

    and carbon dioxide.

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    Pyruvate

    6-Carbon

    5-Carbon

    4-Carbon

    4-Carbon

    Co-A

    Acetyl Co-A

    NAD+

    NADH

    CO2

    Acetyl

    ATP

    NADH

    NAD+

    ADP

    NAD+

    NADHNAD+

    NADH

    FAD+

    FADH2

    COCO22

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    STEP 3STEP 3Electron Transport Chain (ETC) of the

    Mitochondria

    NADH and FADH2 move into the

    mitochondrial membrane--- carrying t

    heirenergy to deliver to the final acceptor ---

    OXYGEN!OXYGEN!

    This energy drives the production of ATPacross the membrane proteins ---

    CHEMIOSMOSIS - (Chemicals moving across a membrane) Makes 32 ATP !!!!!!!!!!!!

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    SO ..If Oxygen is present.GLUCOSE

    Pyruvate Pyruvate

    Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

    E.T.C.

    Glycolysis = 2 ATP

    Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP

    ETC = 32 ATP

    TOTAL = 36 ATPMADE FROM ONE GLUCOSE

    MOLECULE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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    What Happens When Oxygen isnt there?

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    In absence of oxygen NADH and

    FADH2have now

    here to go. (remember,oxygen is supposed to collect their

    energy in the ETC)

    CALLED = ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

    SO- pyruvate FERMENTS. In animals, pyruvate forms LACTICACID

    - not enough ATP to muscles = cramps In plants and yeast, pyruvate forms

    ETHYL ALCOHOL

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    How Cells break down other types of

    molecules in this order: 1st- simple sugars (Glucose, Sucrose)

    2nd complex carbohydrates

    3rd fats (lipids)

    4th proteins

    5th nucleic acids (like DNA)