““Cellular Cellular RESPIRATION”RESPIRATION”

What is the difference between What is the difference between

respiration and breathingrespiration and breathing??

Respiration• The transfer of stored energy in

food molecules to a form usable by the organism

AND• involves the exchange of gases

between the organism and the environment

Process• Through the process of

respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is a used form of energy

Process

(ATP)

(ADP + P)

Click on this link and be patient as it loads: From food to Fuel

1. Cellular Respiration

• Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which _____ in _____ is broken down into energy that the organism can use _____.

Remember: Hydrolysis of ATP

When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed

____ + ____ ____ + ____ + ____

• This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life

• ADP = adenosine diphosphate

Do Now:

• What words would you cluster together if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION?

• And explain why?

1. ____

2. ____

3. ____

4. ____

________

(C6H12O6)

2 pyruvic acid+2 ATP

2 PGAL

(C3H5O3)

Glycolysis (splitting glucose)

________

Net Gain:??? ________

Glycolysis (____ of ____ glucose)

• Net Energy Yield from Glycolysis +___ ATP

• Energy requiring steps:– 2 ATP invested

• Energy releasing steps:– 2 NADH formed – 4 ATP formed

• Net yield is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Glycolysis (splitting glucose)

All three reactions with Glycolysis

• Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm

• Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes

Glucose 2 Pyruvate

(six carbons) (three carbons)

Types of Respiration

1. __________________

-involves the use of oxygen

2. __________________

-oxygen is not used

Respiration• Respiration- is an organisms’ ability to

create energy. (ATP)

Respiration _______________

Respiration

_______________

Respiration

_________

Fermentation

_________

Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration• Also known as _________

• Does not require _________

• Takes place in the _________ of cell

• Glucose is either broken down into _________ or _____ and _____

• As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of _____ ATP’s

The TWO Equations for Anaerobic Respiration

______ 2 ____ ____ + __ ____

______ 2 _______ + 2 ___ + __ ATP’s

• In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced

lactic acid Fermentation

Alcohol fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

_______2 pyruvic acid

2 ATP

Lactic Acid

4 ATP

“Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

.

Alcoholic Fermentation

________2 Pyruvic acid

2 ATP

Alcohol + CO2

4 ATP “Alcoholic Fermentation”

Alcoholic Fermentation

1.

2.

3.

4.

Alcoholic FermentationIdentify what would “X” be?

1._________2.__________

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

3._________

Electrons carried in

NADH and FADH2

4. _______

_______

_____

Mitochondrion

Label the picture below:Cellular Respiration:

Aerobic Respiration• Requires _________

• Takes place in the __________

• When we say that glucose is_______, we say that it is _______ down with the help of oxygen molecules

Aerobic Respiration• 3 Steps/Stages

Do Now:What does this box represent? _________What reaction is taking place? _________

• Does this happen in plants, animals or both?

Equation for Aerobic Respiration

_______ + ____ H2O + ____ + ____ ATP’s

•Again, enzymes are used and a net of _____ ATP’s are produced

Aerobic Respiration

________

2 Pyruvic acid

2 ATP

+4 ATP

+___ Water + ____

+34 ATP

***Net Gain = ___ATPs***

Aerobic Respiration

1.

2.

3.

4.

5 What else can you tell me about it?

Who am I?

Do Now: What is the relationship between

photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Video 1

• Click the image to play the video segment.

Video 1

Aerobic Respiration

Video 2

• Click the image to play the video segment.

Video 2

Glycolysis

Video 3

• Click the image to play the video segment.

Video 3

Krebs Cycle, Part 1

Summary

• Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s

• Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s

• Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis

http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/fhp/lakes/under/oxygen.htm

Are the lights that hang

over this lab setup

on or off?

Carbon Dioxide Output vs. Time

Adaptations for

Respiration

Monera, Protista, and Fungi

• Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

Plants• Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange

• Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange

• Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs

(diffusion)

Hydra• Each cell of the

hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion

Earthworm

• Double Diffusion– Skin– Circulatory System

• Requires moist skin

•The earthworm absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide through a thin skin. •This skin is protected by a thin cuticle secreted by the epidermis and kept moist by a slimy mucus also produced by epidermal cells.

Grasshopper• Uses Tracheal Tubes

• Air Sacs

• Spiracles

TO RESPIRE: inhaling and exhaling…

• Inhalation = O2

(oxygen) enters the body system

• Exhalation =CO2

(carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

Your Respiratory System

Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchiolesalveoli

pleuradiaphragm

You’re doingA fine job

dear….

Your Metabolism has two major phases.

• Catabolism- the breaking down of complex substances.

• The destructive phase of your metabolism

AKA:

Anabolism- the building of new substances.

AKA-

(Digestion or Hydrolysis)

Synthesis

• A process by which simple substances are combined “chemically” to form more complex substances.– These materials are used for growth and

repair of the organism.

The BorgIngestion

Growth

Synthesis

Transport

Digestion

Cells synthesize (or makes)

• their own proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids.

• use enzymes and energy to synthesize proteins, as do you….

• Cells must constantly make new materials for growth and repair.

Secretion

• Some cells synthesize materials that are not used within that cell, but are needed somewhere else. Such products are called secretions.

Types of Secretions

1.Enzymes – maltase, lactase, and luciferase

2.Hormones – adrenaline, testosterone, and insulin

3.Neurotransmitters –acetylcholine and noradrenalin

I t’s Hammer Time!

4. Other types of Secretion:

• Mucus- coats organs

• Chitin- exoskeletons and fungal cell walls

• Poisons- defense and capturing food

              

• Hydrochloric acid- for enzymatic hydrolysis

• Saliva• Fat- Storage, insulation and

protection• Like ear wax

• Cellulose- cell walls

              

Luciferase is the enzyme that allows bioluminescent reactions to occur in fireflies.

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

Glucose + OGlucose + O22 H H22O + COO + CO22 + 36 ATP’s + 36 ATP’s

• Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s Again, enzymes are used and a net of 36 ATP’s are producedare produced

Equations for Anaerobic RespirationEquations for Anaerobic Respiration1. Lactic Acid Fermentation1. Lactic Acid Fermentation

glucose glucose 2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s 2 lactic acids + 2 ATP’s

2. Alcoholic Fermentation2. Alcoholic Fermentation

glucose glucose 2 alcohol + 2 CO 2 alcohol + 2 CO22 + 2 ATP’s + 2 ATP’s

In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are producedof 2 ATP’s are produced