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Ch 7Ch 7Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
7.17.1Glycolysis & Glycolysis & FermentationFermentation
MMMMmmm....MMMMmmm....You eat lunch…Digest its macromolecules...into
How do you get the ENERGY out?
CellularCellular Respiration— Respiration—What is it?What is it?
Breaking down organic molecules (from food!)
& Making ATP◦For cell’s chem reactions
Opposite of Photosynthesis—Opposite of Photosynthesis—Flip the equation!!Flip the equation!!
Cell Resp:6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
you can’t “make” sunlight, so you make
ATP instead!!
3 Main Processes3 Main Processes
1. Glycolysis
2. Aerobic: Cell Respiration
3. Anaerobic: Fermentation
NO NO OxygenOxygen
OxygenOxygen
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Anaerobic Respiration:In cell’s cytoplasm
Aerobic Respiration: in mitochondria!
Glycolysis:In cell’s cytoplasm
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid
Acetyl CoA
6C & 4C molecules
Ethanol & CO2 (plants, yeast)Or lactic Acid
(animals)
No ATP but it does allow for more
glycolysis to take place
1. Glycolysis1. GlycolysisIn the cytosolNo Oxygen!Basics:
◦break glucose, ◦Make: pyruvic acid, 2 net ATP, & NADH (e-
carrier)
GlycolysisGlycolysis
2. Aerobic Respiration2. Aerobic RespirationOnly If Oxygen is availableBreak Pyruvic acid, lots of
reactions (another cycle), lots of ATP made
3. Anaerobic Respiration3. Anaerobic Respiration
FermentationFermentation
Fermentation Fermentation (Anaerobic (Anaerobic Respiration)Respiration)
• Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid• NO OXYGEN required
• AFTER Glycolysis (bc need pyr. acid)
• DOES NOT Make ATP• but it does make NAD so
glycolysis can still happen
FermentationFermentationLactic Acid Fermentation
Muscle Cells (ouch! The burn!!)
Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid
NAD also made, goes back to do more glycolysis
Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast, bacteria, plants**ethanol that’s put in gas is from
corn!
Pyruvic acid Ethanol + carbon dioxide
NAD also, for more glycolysis
Other uses:◦ Yogurt, bread, beer,
wine...it’s all made from fermentation!
What’s the What’s the differencedifference??
SimilaritiesSimilarities??
HW Review! p. 136 #1-HW Review! p. 136 #1-3,73,7
7.2 Aerobic Respiration7.2 Aerobic Respiration
2. Aerobic Respiration2. Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP
Must have oxygenMake LOTS of ATPwithin the mitochondria
Mitochondria...Draw It!Mitochondria...Draw It!Inner & Outer MembranesCristaeMatrix
Structure of MitochondrionStructure of Mitochondrion
Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
3 Main Steps:
1.1. Link Reaction:Link Reaction:Pyr Acid into Mito. MatrixPyr Acid into Mito. Matrix Acetyl CoA (loses a C as CO Acetyl CoA (loses a C as CO22; ; NADH made...goes to ETC)NADH made...goes to ETC)
NADH + H+NAD+
CoA
CoA
NAD+
NAD+
NADH + H+
NAD+
NADH + H+
NADH + H+
FAD
FADH2
ATPADP + P
CO2C
PyruvicAcidC C C
Acetyl-CoAC C
Citric AcidC C C C C C
CO2
C
KetoglutaricAcid
C C C C C
SuccinicAcid
C C C CCO2
C
MalicAcid
C C C C
OxaloaceticAcid
C C C C
Hans!Hans!
(Krebs) (Krebs)
2. KREBS Cycle:2. KREBS Cycle:Acetyl CoA broken down; Acetyl CoA broken down; make COmake CO22, H+, ATP, NADH, FADH, H+, ATP, NADH, FADH2 (another e- 2 (another e-
carrier)carrier)
in Mit Matrix in Mit Matrix 1 glucose made every 2 turns1 glucose made every 2 turns
22
8 NADH2 FADH2
2 NADH
6C6C
4C4C
4C4C
4C4C
Pair-Share…Summarize the Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport 3. Electron Transport ChainChainREVIEW--Up to this point:
◦4 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs)
◦10 NADH (2 from glycolysis, 2 from link, 6 from Krebs)
◦2 FADH2 (from Krebs)
Go to E.T.C., 34 ATP made
3. Electron Transport 3. Electron Transport ChainChainETC is lots of proteins in cristae folds that pass e-s & energy, H+
ATP Synthase (enzyme, at end of ETC )◦Pump H+ from space to matrix, makes ATP
OXYGEN: final e- acceptor, end of ETC◦Makes WATER!! (remember the equation?)
E- carriers: NADH and FADH2 ◦10 NADH 30 ATP◦ 2 FADH2 4 ATP
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
The E.T.C.The E.T.C.
Electron Transport Chain’s the Last Electron Transport Chain’s the Last Step! (Thank goodness, right?! Step! (Thank goodness, right?! ))
Energy SummaryEnergy Summary
p. 144 1-6,8p. 144 1-6,8
We’ll do the rest of this when We’ll do the rest of this when I return...do the Ch Review I return...do the Ch Review and hopefully I’ll be back and hopefully I’ll be back tomorrow!tomorrow!
p.146 p.146 1,5,7,9,11,12,16,18,201,5,7,9,11,12,16,18,20
p.139p.139
p. 147p. 147
P.147
chloroplastchloroplast
sunlightsunlight
WATERWATER
Thylakoid Thylakoid
chlorophyllchlorophyll
oxygenoxygen
Energy-carrying molecules Energy-carrying molecules transferred to light-transferred to light-independent reactionsindependent reactions
COCO22 from from atmosphereatmosphere
Light-indep. Light-indep. Rxns (Calvin Rxns (Calvin Cycle)Cycle)
6-C sugar 6-C sugar (glucose)(glucose)
WHY do your cells need Oxygen?
• oxygen must accept the final e-
• If not, it stops the ETC!
Summary of Cell Respiration
• 1ST STEP?
• Glycolysis- converts glucose to pyruvic acid, only makes a little ATP
• Aerobic- – pyruvic acid CO2 & H2O
– ONLY in presence of oxygen– Creates A LOT of ATP
Comparing Comparing Photosynthesis & Cell Resp. Photosynthesis & Cell Resp. graphic organizer
Chemical Equation
C6H12O6 + 602 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Light reactions andCalvin Cycle
Harvesting Chemical Energy
• Cell Respiration– Process in which
cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
– This is done in both heterotrophs and autotrophs