Ch 7Ch 7Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

7.17.1Glycolysis & Glycolysis & FermentationFermentation

MMMMmmm....MMMMmmm....You eat lunch…Digest its macromolecules...into

How do you get the ENERGY out?

CellularCellular Respiration— Respiration—What is it?What is it?

Breaking down organic molecules (from food!)

& Making ATP◦For cell’s chem reactions

Opposite of Photosynthesis—Opposite of Photosynthesis—Flip the equation!!Flip the equation!!

Cell Resp:6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

you can’t “make” sunlight, so you make

ATP instead!!

3 Main Processes3 Main Processes

1. Glycolysis

2. Aerobic: Cell Respiration

3. Anaerobic: Fermentation

NO NO OxygenOxygen

OxygenOxygen

Glucose

Glycolysis Krebs cycle

Electrontransport

Fermentation (without oxygen)

Alcohol or lactic acid

Anaerobic Respiration:In cell’s cytoplasm

Aerobic Respiration: in mitochondria!

Glycolysis:In cell’s cytoplasm

Glucose

Pyruvic Acid

Acetyl CoA

6C & 4C molecules

Ethanol & CO2 (plants, yeast)Or lactic Acid

(animals)

No ATP but it does allow for more

glycolysis to take place

1. Glycolysis1. GlycolysisIn the cytosolNo Oxygen!Basics:

◦break glucose, ◦Make: pyruvic acid, 2 net ATP, & NADH (e-

carrier)

GlycolysisGlycolysis

2. Aerobic Respiration2. Aerobic RespirationOnly If Oxygen is availableBreak Pyruvic acid, lots of

reactions (another cycle), lots of ATP made

More on this in 7.2!

3. Anaerobic Respiration3. Anaerobic Respiration

FermentationFermentation

Fermentation Fermentation (Anaerobic (Anaerobic Respiration)Respiration)

• Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid• NO OXYGEN required

• AFTER Glycolysis (bc need pyr. acid)

• DOES NOT Make ATP• but it does make NAD so

glycolysis can still happen

FermentationFermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Muscle Cells (ouch! The burn!!)

Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid

NAD also made, goes back to do more glycolysis

Alcoholic Fermentation

Yeast, bacteria, plants**ethanol that’s put in gas is from

corn!

Pyruvic acid Ethanol + carbon dioxide

NAD also, for more glycolysis

Other uses:◦ Yogurt, bread, beer,

wine...it’s all made from fermentation!

What’s the What’s the differencedifference??

SimilaritiesSimilarities??

HW Review! p. 136 #1-HW Review! p. 136 #1-3,73,7

7.2 Aerobic Respiration7.2 Aerobic Respiration

2. Aerobic Respiration2. Aerobic Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP

Must have oxygenMake LOTS of ATPwithin the mitochondria

Mitochondria...Draw It!Mitochondria...Draw It!Inner & Outer MembranesCristaeMatrix

Structure of MitochondrionStructure of Mitochondrion

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

3 Main Steps:

1.1. Link Reaction:Link Reaction:Pyr Acid into Mito. MatrixPyr Acid into Mito. Matrix Acetyl CoA (loses a C as CO Acetyl CoA (loses a C as CO22; ; NADH made...goes to ETC)NADH made...goes to ETC)

NADH + H+NAD+

CoA

CoA

NAD+

NAD+

NADH + H+

NAD+

NADH + H+

NADH + H+

FAD

FADH2

ATPADP + P

CO2C

PyruvicAcidC C C

Acetyl-CoAC C

Citric AcidC C C C C C

CO2

C

KetoglutaricAcid

C C C C C

SuccinicAcid

C C C CCO2

C

MalicAcid

C C C C

OxaloaceticAcid

C C C C

Hans!Hans!

(Krebs) (Krebs)

2. KREBS Cycle:2. KREBS Cycle:Acetyl CoA broken down; Acetyl CoA broken down; make COmake CO22, H+, ATP, NADH, FADH, H+, ATP, NADH, FADH2 (another e- 2 (another e-

carrier)carrier)

in Mit Matrix in Mit Matrix 1 glucose made every 2 turns1 glucose made every 2 turns

22

8 NADH2 FADH2

2 NADH

6C6C

4C4C

4C4C

4C4C

Pair-Share…Summarize the Krebs Cycle

3. Electron Transport 3. Electron Transport ChainChainREVIEW--Up to this point:

◦4 ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs)

◦10 NADH (2 from glycolysis, 2 from link, 6 from Krebs)

◦2 FADH2 (from Krebs)

Go to E.T.C., 34 ATP made

3. Electron Transport 3. Electron Transport ChainChainETC is lots of proteins in cristae folds that pass e-s & energy, H+

ATP Synthase (enzyme, at end of ETC )◦Pump H+ from space to matrix, makes ATP

OXYGEN: final e- acceptor, end of ETC◦Makes WATER!! (remember the equation?)

E- carriers: NADH and FADH2 ◦10 NADH 30 ATP◦ 2 FADH2 4 ATP

Electron Transport

Hydrogen Ion Movement

ATP Production

ATP synthase

Channel

Inner Membrane

Matrix

Intermembrane Space

The E.T.C.The E.T.C.

Electron Transport Chain’s the Last Electron Transport Chain’s the Last Step! (Thank goodness, right?! Step! (Thank goodness, right?! ))

Energy SummaryEnergy Summary

p. 144 1-6,8p. 144 1-6,8

We’ll do the rest of this when We’ll do the rest of this when I return...do the Ch Review I return...do the Ch Review and hopefully I’ll be back and hopefully I’ll be back tomorrow!tomorrow!

p.146 p.146 1,5,7,9,11,12,16,18,201,5,7,9,11,12,16,18,20

p.139p.139

p. 147p. 147

P.147

chloroplastchloroplast

sunlightsunlight

WATERWATER

Thylakoid Thylakoid

chlorophyllchlorophyll

oxygenoxygen

Energy-carrying molecules Energy-carrying molecules transferred to light-transferred to light-independent reactionsindependent reactions

COCO22 from from atmosphereatmosphere

Light-indep. Light-indep. Rxns (Calvin Rxns (Calvin Cycle)Cycle)

6-C sugar 6-C sugar (glucose)(glucose)

WHY do your cells need Oxygen?

• oxygen must accept the final e-

• If not, it stops the ETC!

Summary of Cell Respiration

• 1ST STEP?

• Glycolysis- converts glucose to pyruvic acid, only makes a little ATP

• Aerobic- – pyruvic acid CO2 & H2O

– ONLY in presence of oxygen– Creates A LOT of ATP

Comparing Comparing Photosynthesis & Cell Resp. Photosynthesis & Cell Resp. graphic organizer

Chemical Equation

C6H12O6 + 602 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Light reactions andCalvin Cycle

Harvesting Chemical Energy

• Cell Respiration– Process in which

cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds

– This is done in both heterotrophs and autotrophs