Ch. 7 Early ChinaLesson 6: The Qin (Chihn)

and the Han (Hahn) Dynasties

pp. 184-191

Have out your China Packet

Objectives

• 6.35 List the policies and achievements of the emperor Shi Huang and explain how these contributed to the unification of northern China under the Qin Dynasty and the construction of the Great Wall of China. (H, P)

• 6.36 Detail the political contributions of the Han Dynasty and determine how they contributed to the development of the imperial bureaucratic state and the expansion of the empire. (H, P)

• 6.37 Cite the significance of the trans-Eurasian “silk roads” in the period of the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire and their locations. (E, G, H)

• 6.38 Describe the diffusion of Buddhism northward to China during the Han Dynasty

The Qin Emperor

• Qin (chihn) was one of the strong rulers during the Period of the Warring States

• Qin sent a cavalry – army of men on horseback – out to battle

• Defeated the surrounding territories and ended the Zhou dynasty

• Controlled China from the Huang He to the Chang Jiang

• Declared himself Qin Shi huangdi – (Chihn Shee hwahng dee)– means “the First Qin Emperor”

How Did Qin Change China?

Qin brought changes to Chinese government that would last for many centuries:

1)Qin wanted to strengthen and unify China2) He took control of the territories (before, under

the Zhou rule, aristocrats positions of governing the territories was hereditary)

Now only Qin had the power to appoint the governors – Ruled with absolute control and punishment– Anyone who disagreed was punished and killed– Writings that displeased Qin were burned

Qin Shi Huangdi’s Reign of Terror

• Many people admired Confucius and his teachings.

• If you were caught studying his ideas, you would risk being buried alive – along with your family!

• This means he believed in which philosophy of life?

• Legalism – all should follow strict rules that have severe penalties if broken

• Why? Just because you didn’t share the emperor’s political view. – How is that different from a democracy? (the

government of the U.S.?

3) Appointed Censors

• AKA governors

• This increased government power

• These overseers made sure government workers did their work

4) Qin created currency or moneythat everyone had to use =

standardized.

• Created a uniform system • This made trading easier throughout China

5) Writing system was simplified

• Scholars were hired to make the writing system easier

• and set rules for writing system – how and when it was to be used

6) Building projects

• Ordered farmers to build – Palaces– Roads– Dams– The Great Wall– A huge, grand canal that connected the

Chang Jiang River in central China to many territories in southern China

• This canal was used to transport supplies to soldiers throughout the territories

– Qin’s tomb

Shi Huangdi Qin’s Tomb

• In March of 1974, Chinese peasants digging a well near Xi'an in the central province of Shaanxi found some unusual pottery fragments. Then, deeper down at eleven feet, they unearthed a head made of terra cotta (baked earth or clay). They notified the authorities and excavation of the site began immediately. To date, workers have dug up about eight thousand sculpted clay soldiers, and the site has proved to be one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of all time.

Terra Cotta Soldiers

Grand Canal

• Shi Huangdi Qin built a canal that connected Chang Jiang to the Guangzhou in Southern China

Why was the Great Wall Built?

• To keep out invaders– Nomads and

herders moved their animals along the Gobi desert

– Xiongnu – skilled warriors who fought on horseback and often attacked Chinese settlements

The Great Wall of China Facts• The Great Wall of China was built

over about 2000 years by several different Chinese emperors, starting in BC 475, to protect the people from their enemies, the Huns.

• The Wall is a unique structure that is considered one of the seven wonders of the world. It snakes through the mountains of China for 4,500 miles. That's longer than the distance across from New York to California by about 1,000 miles!

• The Great Wall is 25 feet tall and 15-30 feet wide. That's wide enough for two cars to drive on!

The Great Wall Facts• The Ming Dynasty's rebuilding made it

more elaborate with watchtowers, battlements and cannons. Leading the great wall to additional protection of the people.

• Ancient records show that more than 300,000 soldiers and 500,000 commoners worked to build it. That's about the same as the population of San Francisco!

1. http://www.airpano.ru/files/China-Great-Wall/2-2

2. http://www.panoramas.dk/7-wonders/great-wall.html

The End of Qin Rule

• Shi Huangdi boasted that his dynasty would rule China forever

• Both aristocrats and farmers revolted against harsh Qin rule

The Han Dynasty

• pp. 186-191

Order of Chinese Dynasties = 1. _____

2. _____

3. _____

4. _____

Han Rulers

1) In 202 B.C. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty– Liu (Lyoo) Bang was a farmer turned soldier– Started the Han Dynasty that lasted 400 years

2) Han Wudi – the first strong Han emperor

• Ruled from 141 B.C.-87 B.C.

• Recruited people for civil service– People were chosen on the

basis of competitive tests– Raised the quality of

government– Favored the rich-only rich

could afford education

Education

• Han created schools– Studied law, history, and ideas of Confucius– Well respected because of education

The Empire Expands

• Population rose to 60 million

• Farmers sold land and became tenant farmers

• Han Empire took new territory– Conquered Korea, Southeast Asia, northern

India

• Then, Chinese had peace for 150 years

Han Culture

• Ideas of Confucius gained influence after the fear of Shi Huangdi’s legalism faded

• Filial piety became strong

• Stability of government strengthen family ties

Chinese Inventions

• Cast-iron plow

Waterwheels

• Millers invented waterwheels to grind grain

Wheelbarrow

• Wheelbarrow-used to carry heavy material

Silk Manufacturing with devices

Paper

• Paper used first for wrapping and then writing– Like the Egyptian papyrus, provided a way to

keep written records

Toilet Paper

• Also invented toilet paper

Sailing inventions

• Rudder and a new way to move the sails of ships– With these inventions, ships could sail against

the wind

Medical Advances

• Certain foods prevented disease

• Used herbs to treat illnesses

Acupuncture

• Acupuncture-relieved pain by piercing patients’ skin at vital points with thin needles

• Renews the body by increasing flow of energy

On the Silk Road

• During the Han period, Chinese traders grew rich by sending expensive goods around the world– Silk– Jade– Cast Iron goods– Peaches & pears+ All the inventionsFrom this lesson

New Contacts with the West

• China’s trade increased as a result of exploration– Zhang Qian (Jahng chyehn) explored areas

west of China• Found horses • Han Wudi wanted horses for soldiers• In exchange for horses, Chinese traded silk

Trade expands

• Silk road was not one road. It was a network of trade routes

• 4,000 miles long

• Stretched from China to Mediterranean Sea

Goods Traded

• Horses, silk, spices, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and grains, peaches, pears, cotton, paper etc…

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg

• 10 mins

“The Golden Age”

• The Han Dynasty = the Golden Age for China

• Why is it called this?

• Any time a civilization experiences _____

Then, it will be called ____________.

Buddhism Reaches China

• Silk Road spread knowledge, culture, and religions. == > Cultural Diffusion at its best

• Buddhism spread along Silk Road from India to China

Why Did the Han Dynasty Collapse?

• Weak and dishonest emperors

• Corrupt officials

• People began to rise up and rebel against Han rulers

• Civil war divided China

• Remained divided for 400 years

Buddhism Wins Followers

• Civil War frightened many Chinese

• Many people turned to Buddhist ideas

• Followers of Confucius and Daoists admired Buddhist ideas

• By A.D. 400s Buddhism became one of China’s major religions

Review: You Construct a Quiz

1. Write 3 multiple choice questions involving what your team thinks are the 3 most important facts from today’s lesson.

2. Answer choices:– 1 answer choice that is correct.– 1 answer that is almost correct, but not the best answer.– 1 answer that is on topic, but not correct.– 1 answer that is off topic and totally wrong.

3. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.– Explain each answer choice.

4. Give a title to your quiz5. Write your period and team name in the top right hand

corner.6. Wait quietly for further instructions.