Ch0 Glossary

8/11/2019 Ch0 Glossary

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lossary

A FC a p p r o v e d f o r c o n s t r uc t i o n

A F D a p p r o v e d f o r d e s i g n

A n t i t r u s t l aw s laws enac ted to cu rb

noncompe t i t ive behav io r by p r iva te

c o m p a n i e s

A re a des igna ted pa r t o f a f ac il i ty , po r t ion

o f m a n u f a c t u r e d e q u i p m e n t , s y s t e m ,

g roup o f sys tems , pu rchase o rde r , work

package , o r se t o f r e la ted ta sks fo r

wh ich a p ro jec t eng inee r i s r e spons ib le ;

has spec i f ied boundar ie s and in te r faces

wi th o the r pa r t i e s

Ar ea eng in ee r ing phase o f p ro jec t, de ta il ed

engineer ing when areas are engineered in

sufficient detail for bidding and later for

construct ion

A s - b u i l t d o c u m e n t a t i o n f in a l d r a w in g s ,

documents , and data tha t ref lec t the

f inal ly constructed projec t fac i l i ty (or

somet imes manufac tu red i t em)

B a c k - t o - b a c k c o n t r a c t s u b co n tr a ct t h at

t ransfers a l l the terms, condit ions ,

re spons ib i l i t i e s , and r i sks o f the ma in

con t rac to r to the subcon t rac to r

B e n c h m a r k i n g c o m p a ri s on of a c os t,

a s c h e d u l e , o r o t h e r p r o j e c t e s t i m a t e

w i t h a c t u a l , s i m i l a r d a t a f r o m p r e v i o u s

p ro jec t s

B i d c h e c k e s t i m a t e

est imate for a spe-

c if ic contrac t or purchase order tha t is

p repa red p r io r to rece ip t o f the b id s to

judge the reasonab leness o f the quo ted

prices

B i d d i n g p r o c e s s even ts f rom a dec i s ion

t o c o n t r a c t f o r w o r k t h r o u g h a w a r d

o f the con t rac t ; inc ludes p repa ra t ion

o f the inv i ta t ion to b id , se lec t ing

the b id l i s t , s end ing ou t inv i ta t ions

to b idde rs , b idde rs p repa ra t ion and

s u b m i t t a l o f p r o p o s a l s , p r e p a r a t i o n o f

c o n t r a c t d o c u m e n t s , e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e

b idde r s p roposa l s , nego t ia t ions wi th

the success fu l b idde r , and s ign ing o f

the con t rac t ; s ame p rocess app l ie s to

pu rchase o rde rs ; a l so known as

tender

ing proces s

B i d

pac kag e docum en ta t ion sen t ou t wi th

the invi ta t ion to b id

B u y e r

c o m m e r c i a l p e rs o n w h o p r e p a r e s ,

nego t ia te s , and admin is te r s a pu rchase

o rde r fo r a c l i en t o r con t rac to r ; works

c lose ly wi th a package eng inee r

C h a n g e o r d e r v a r ia t io n t o a c o n t r a ct o r

pu rchase o rde r tha t ad jus t s the scope o f

work , con t rac t p r ice , o r o the r a spec t s o f

the con t rac t o r pu rchase o rde r

C l a s h i n t e rf e r e n c e o f t w o d e s i g n e l e -

men ts , e .g . , a ma jo r p ipe in te r fe re s w i th

a m a i n s t r u c t u r a l m e m b e r a n d m u s t b e

r e r o u t e d

Cl ien t

owner o r ope ra to r o f the p ro jec t

o r ven tu re tha t i s ove ra l l r e spons ib le

fo r spec i fy ing , manag ing , and p rocu r -

ing goods and se rv ices p rocu red unde r a

con t rac t o r pu rchase o rde r

C o m m i s s i o n i n g

a l so ca l led

systems

completion;

phased comple t ion , t e s t ing ,

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G l o s s a r y

and func t ion ing of sys tems or subsys-

tems prior to s tar t-up and operations

C o n f id e n c e o n e o f a p ro j ec t e n g in e e r 's

mo s t va luab le asse ts

Conflic t ofin teres t exists when an individual

has or appears to have a personal interest

that is contrary to his or her organization's

interests

o n s t r u c t i o n

plann ing , fabr ica t ion en-

g ineer ing , p rocur ing , p re fabr ica t ing ,

fabr ica t ing , e rec t ing , assemb l ing , t rans-

por t ing , an d ins ta l l ing a p ro jec t fac i l i ty

o n t i n g e n c y addi t iona l cos t added to an

es t imate to cover unkno wn r i sks

C o n t r a c t w r i tt e n a g re e me n t t o p ro v id e

goods an d se rv ices

o n t r a c t m l u m p s u m cont rac t in which

the con tractor bids a total f ixed price for

comple t ing the work ; genera l ly pa id a t

p a y me n t mi l e s to n e s s p r e a d th ro u g h o u t

the dura t ion of the con t rac t

ontrac tmre imbursable

contract ha which

the contractor is reimbursed for all actual

costs and is paid a fee for the perform ance

of the work

C o n t r a c t - - - s c h e d u le

of rates

contract in

which the contractor bids a list of rates

for performing elements o f the job (e .g .,

cost for installing and testing piping, cost

per fabricated ton of steel, cost for the

length of a given type of welding); num -

ber of rates can vary widely depending

on the contract; also called a uni t ra te

co n t ra c t

o n t r a c t i n g agree ing on the p rov is ion of

goods and se rv ices th rough a con t rac-

tua l a r rangement

C o n t r a c t in g s t r a t e g y p l a n fo r d ivid -

ing the p ro jec t work in to con t rac ts ; the

client ' s contracting strategy drives the

contractors ' contracting strategies; see

Figure s 4.2, 4 .3 , 4 .4

o n t r a c t o r

f irm, joint venture, or con-

sort ium that is contractually responsible

to p rov ide goods and se rv ices

ontrol cost est im ate project cost est imate

that forms the baseline for controlling

project costs; developed early in detailed

engineering or prior to project approval;

may be the basis for funding the project

ontrol sche dule project schedule that

forms the baseline from which progress

is measured; gen erally developed prior to

project approval and contract awards or in

the early s tages of detai led engineering

orrec t ive ac t ion deficiency in a project

ma n a g e me n t s y s t e m o r p ro c e d u re, u s u -

ally found by a quali ty audit , that must

b e c o r r e c te d b y th e p ro j e ct m a n a g e m e n t

os t a l low ance cos t added to an ac t iv ity

or overa l l e s t imate to cover kno wn r i sks ;

see also

r i s k w e i g h t e d c o s t a l l o w a n c e

Da ta reg is te rs on pro jects : la rge e lec -

t ron ic da tabases tha t def ine equ ipment

to be bought , mate r ia ls to be o rdered ,

mechanica l comple t ion s ta tus , commis-

sioning status, and more

Des ig n bas is co l lec t ion of in format ion

required to design a facil i ty or other de-

s ign ob jec t ; can cons is t o f env i ronm enta l

data , design cri ter ia , functional require-

me nts , s tandards (design, safety, quali ty ,

regu la to ry) , a concep tua l des ign , and

other types o f in format ion and da ta

Des ig n cha ng e s ign i fican t change to a

concep t (dur ing pro jec t p lann ing) o r

a change to the des ign (dur ing pro jec t

implementa t ion) ; the p ro jec t mus t man-

age change

E P c o n t r a c to r f irm , j o in t v e n tu re, o r

consor t ium tha t is con t rac tua l ly respon-

s ib le to p rov ide eng ineer ing and pro-

curement se rv ices ; a l so a con t rac t ing

s t ra tegy in which the c l ien t dec ides to

use an E P con t rac to r fo r c loser con t ro l


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lossary 2 0 7

o v e r e n g in e e r in g a n d p ro c u re me n t t h a n

an EPC s t ra tegy would g ive

E l d in e ro S p a n i sh fo r t h e mo n e y

Engineer ing and procurem ent inte-

grated project phase to design, specify,

purchase, and contract for everything

necessary to execute and ini t ia lly operate

a project

E P C e n g in e er in g , p ro c u re me n t , a n d c o n -

struction; generally refers to a contract

or contracting strategy

E P C M e n g in e er in g , p ro c u re me n t , a n d

cons t ruc t ion management ; genera l ly re -

fers to a contracting strategy that gives

the c l ien t more con t ro l than an EPC

st ra tegy over con s t ruc t ion

F E E D f ro n t- e n d e n g in e e r in g d e s ig n ; p a r t

o f the def in i t ion p hase o f a p ro jec t

Funct ion test ing te s t ing o f a p iece o f

equ ipment by runn ing i t

Funct ions of management

task side:

plan, organize, delegate, control, inte-

grate , measure, improve; people s ide:

motivate , build a team, develop peo-

p le , use c ross -cu l tu ra l communica t ion

skills

Gett ing forward s lang fo r ensur ing tha t

a de l iverab le i s accompl ished on t ime ,

e.g. , respo nsible for gett ing forwa rd

the p rocess f low d iagrams

H a z a r d r e g i s t e r o r r i s k r e g i s t e r l is t o f

project r isks and hazards that results

f rom a HA ZID , HAZO P, o r o ther r isk as -

sessments ; r i sks a re genera l ly a r ranged

from most severe a t the top ; somet imes

called a risk register

H A Z I D o rg a n iz e d g ro u p s e s sio n to i d e n-

t ify hazard s an d r isks to a project

H A Z O P h a z a rd a n d o p e rab i li t y s tud y

to improve the safety aspects of a de-

sign; consists of a review, usually dur-

ing detai led engineering, that involves

personne l w i th eng ineer ing , sa fe ty , and

opera t iona l knowledge and exper ience

H o ld p o in t s p l a ce s i n t h e ma n u fa c tu r in g

process where the cus tomer requ i res the

work to s top while some specif ic act ion

(l ike an inspection or test) is taken

Ho lds a reas on a d rawing (usua lly sur-

rounded by a c loud) tha t a re lack ing

necessary in format ion to ca r ry ou t the

w o rk

IDC in te rd isc ip l inary checks ; des ign

qua l i ty measure to check des ign ou t -

pu ts ; assures tha t d isc ip l ine eng ineers

have an oppor tun i ty to check the impac t

of o ther eng ine ers ' des ign work on the i r

ow

IF C issued fo r cons t ruc t ion

IF D issued fo r des ign

Inspection an d test p la n s me a s u re me n t s ,

tests , inspections, and verif icat ions

p lanned to manage the qua l i ty o f con-

s t ruc ted and m anufac tured produc ts

Interfaces in te rna l o r ex te rna l boundar-

ies wi th o ther par ties a t which in forma-

tion, designs, act ivi t ies, and d eliverables

mu s t b e ma n a g e d

IS O In te rna t iona l Organ iza t ion fo r S tan-

dard iza t ion

JS A job sa fe ty ana lysis ; fo rmal o r in for-

mal assessment o f r i sks and mi t iga t ion

measures done by a work c rew pr io r to

start ing a task

Leadership ac t iv i ty o f in f luenc ing people

to s tr ive wil l ingly for group objectives

(Hersey and Blanchard , 1982)

Local content requ i rements by hos t

countr ies on international projects that

cer ta in am ounts o f the work be don e in -

count ry

Long lead equipm ent e q u ip me n t (o r

materials) with a long delivery t ime; the


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2 0 8

lossary

p r o j e c t m u s t o r d e r t h is e q u i p m e n t b e f o r e

p r o j e c t a p p r o v a l i n o r d e r t o r e c e i v e i t

o n t i m e ; g e n e r a l l y r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l

f u n d i n g r e q u e s t

Loop test ing c o n t i n u i t y t e s t i n g o f i n s t ru -

m e n t o r e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t s t o v e r i f y m e -

c h a n i c a l c o m p l e t i o n

M a n a g e m e n t

w o r k i n g w i t h a n d t h r o u g h

i n d i v i d u a l s a n d g r o u p s t o a c c o m -

p l i s h o r g a n i z a t i o n a l g o a l s ( H e r s e y a n d

B l a n c h a r d , 1 9 8 2 )

M a n a g em en t b y O b jec ti v e s ( M B O ) s y s -

t e m o f m a n a g e m e n t b a s e d o n e s t a b l is h -

m e n t o f a c a s c a d i n g s e t o f i n c r e a s in g l y

de ta i l ed ob jec t ives , wh ich a re m utua l ly

agreed on be tween bos ses and subord i -

na tes ; focuses the work on overa l l o rgan i-

za t iona l goa ls ; under the f igh t m ana gem en t

s ty le , a l l levels work in a ser f -control l ing

m an ner toward these a l igned goa l s and ob-

jec t ives , wh ich shou ld be ach ievab le and

measurable , i . e . , specif ic resul ts del ivered

a t an ag reed t im e

M anagemen t of change M OC), or change

m a n a g em en t

pro jec t con t ro l p roces s to

ensure the o rder ly coord ina t ion , con t ro l ,

approva l , and im plem en ta t ion o f p ro jec t

change s ( inc lud ing changes to the des ign )

M a n u f a c t u r i n g

p r o d u c t i o n o f e q u i p -

m e n t a n d m a t e r i a l s ; c o n s i s t s o f p l a n -

n i n g , e n g i n e e r i n g , p r o c u r i n g , d e v e l o p -

i n g , p r o d u c i n g , t e s t i n g , a n d d e l i v e r y t o

t h e c u s t o m e r

Materia l s p u r c h a s e d i t e m s s u c h a s w i r e ,

p i p e , s t e e l, a n d m o r e

M e c h a n i c a l c o m p l e t i o n d o c u m e n te d c o n-

s tm ct ion s t a tus fo r an a rea o r sy s tem tha t

ind ica tes tha t i t is com ple te ly bu i lt , hooked

up, and tes ted so that i t i s safe to be com-

miss io ned o r operated on a t r ia l bas is .

Meg a -p ro jec t

p r o j e c t t h a t i s e x t r e m e l y

l a r g e w i t h a t o t a l i n s t a l l e d c o s t o f

a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 b i l l i o n U . S . o r m o r e

Milestone

p r o j e c t d a t e s p e c i f i e d i n a

c o n t r a c t a t w h i c h c e r t a i n d e l i v e r a b l e s

a r e d u e o r c e r t a i n e v e n t s s h a l l h a p p e n

M o d e l contract or P O t e m p l a t e u s e d b y

con t rac t (o r PO) fo rm ula t ion t eam s to p ro -

duce a spec i fi c con t r ac t (o r PO) docum en t ;

t em pla tes he lp ensu re un i fo rm i ty and

cons i s t ency whi le a l lowing fo r neces sa ry

var iat ions

N o n co n fo rm a n ce d e f i c i e n c y o r d e v i a t i o n

f r o m r e q u i r e m e n t s ( f o u n d b y a n y m e a n s )

i n a p r o d u c t t h a t m u s t b e c o r r e c t e d b y

t h e p r o j e c t m a n a g e m e n t

Organizat ion chart

s e e F i g u r e 3 . 2

P & I D p i p i n g a n d i n s t ru m e n t a t i o n d i a-

g r a m i n d i c a t i n g t h e e s s e n t i a l d e t a i l s o f

a p r o c e s s o r s u b p r o c e s s

Package e n g i n e e r p r o je c t e n g i n e e r r e s p o n -

s ib le fo r an eng ineer ing work package , a

purchase o rder to be de l ive red , o r a po r t ion

of a m anufac tu re r ' s s cope o f supp ly

Patrons m a n a g e m e n t s p o n s o r s t h a t c a n

h e l p a c c e l e r a t e a n i n d i v i d u a l ' s c a r e e r

P E P

Project Execut ion

P l a n ) c o m p r e -

h e n s i v e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n p l a n t h a t c o v e r s

a l l a s p e c t s o f t h e c l i e n t ' s , c o n t r a c t o r ' s ,

v e n d o r ' s , o r o t h e r r e s p o n s i b l e p a r t y ' s

w o r k o n a g i v e n p r o j e c t

P e r s o n a l e f fe c t i v e n e s s h o w w e l l a n i n -

d i v i d u a l p e r f o r m s h i s o r h e r j o b ; s e e

C h a p t e r 6

P o w e r p o t e n t i a l f o r i n f lu e n c e (H e r s e y

a n d B l a n c h a r d , 1 9 8 2 )

Present value profi t

va lue o f a fu tu re ne t

cash f low s t r eam d i s coun ted back to i t s

p resen t to ta l va lue ; the annua l r a te used to

d i s coun t each year ' s cash f low back to the

p resen t i s u sua l ly a f ixed percen tage such

as 10% or 15%; PV10 wou ld be the ne t

p ro f it d i s coun ted back a t 10%

P ro cu rem en t p u r c h a s i n g a n d c o n t r a c t in g


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Glossary 209

Pro jec tm new projec t eng ineer s v iew

torrent of act ivity , rushin g along, sw eep-

ing away every th ing in i t s pa th

P r o j e c t - - p r o j e c t m a n a g e r s v ie w

struc-

tured set of related plans and activi t ies ,

execu ted in a part icular order , to accom -

plish specif ied objectives

Project approval dec is ion to implement

a p ro jec t and fund i t

Project engineer engineer who i s respon-

sible for a system or area of a project and

coordinates the work of others to get the

work comple ted

Project im plementation

also called project

execution project phases after approval:

engineering and procurement, manufac-

turing, construction, and commissioning

and start-up

Project planning

evaluation of a project s

viabil i ty m easure d against specif ied cri te-

r ia and weighed wi th bus iness judgment ,

selection of a project design concept, and

definition of that conc ept

Proprietary information inform ation that

a com pany considers to give it a competi-

t ive advantage

Prototyping ma nufacturing o ne of a series

of p roduc ts ahead of fu l l p roduc t ion

PS B planning, scheduling, and budg eting

Punch list list of deficiencies that m ust

be corrected; results from an inspection

near the end of construction, manufactur-

ing, or other such activities; deficiencies

must be completed before the product is

accepted

Purchase order (P O ) w r i tt e n a g re e me n t

to p rov ide equ ipment , mate r ia ls , and

some t imes se rv ices ; genera l ly less com-

prehens ive than a con t rac t

Purchas ing

buying of goods (and some-

t i m e s s e r v i c e s ) t h r o u g h a p u r c h a s e

order

Qual i ta t ive r i sk assessment r isk asses-

sment based on the exper ience and

judgment o f p ro jec t personne l to de te r -

mine the p robab i l ity and sever i ty o f the

consequen ces o f ri sk even ts

Qu a l i t y ma n a g e me n t

process -based ap-

proach tha t conver ts c l ien t requ i rements

and inpu ts in to an accep tab le p roduc t

th ro u g h a c y c l e o f ma n a g e m e n t r e s p o n-

sibil i t ies , a l location of resources, prod-

uct real izat ion activi t ies and controls ,

measurements , feedback , and process

imp ro v e me n t

Qu ality surveillance and exped iting

over-

sight of purchase orders for equipment

and materials by procurement and engi-

neering personnel; generally involves as-

sessment o f the vendo r s quali ty systems,

conforman ce w ith technical requirements ,

and ensuring on t ime delivery

Quant i ta t ive r i sk ana lys i s (or assess -

me n t ) ,

Q R A s t ru c tu re d a p p ro a c h o f

assess ing pro jec t r i sks tha t ca lcu la tes

r i sk p robab i l i t ies and leve ls , then mea-

s u re s t h e m a g a in s t p r e d e t e rmin e d c r i -

te r ia ; genera l ly requ i res exper ts w i th

access to h is to r ica l r i sk da ta to per form

th is t y p e o f ri s k a s s e s s m e n t

Respons ib i l ity m atr ix see Table 3.1

R F P reques t fo r p roposa l ; inv i ta t ion to

b id on a con t rac t

R FQ reques t fo r quo ta t ion ; inv i tat ion to

submit a p r ice fo r a purchased i tem

Risk matr ix

see Figu re 2.1

Ri s k mo n e y cos t a l lowance added to

a p roposa l by the con t rac to r to cover

know n r i sks

Risk-weighted cos t a l lowance

a m o u n t

added to the con t ro l cos t es t imate to

allow for known risks; the cost associ-

a ted wi th each known r i sk i s mul t ip l ied

by i t s p robab i l i ty o f occurrence and


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210

Glossary

summed to ca lcu la te the r i sk -we igh ted

a l l o w a n c e

Root

cau se bas ic o r sys temic cause o f

an inc ident or acc ident (e .g . , fau l ty

p rocedure , no t fo l lowing p rocedure )

S c h e d u l e m c r i t i c a l p a t h a c ti vi ti es f r o m

beg inn ing to end on a schedu le tha t

de te rmine i t s to ta l du ra t ion ; a de lay in

cr i t ica l pa th ac t iv i t ies wil l de lay the

comple t ion da te o f the p ro jec t , un le ss a

recove ry p lan can be deve loped

S c h e d u l e ~ f r o n t l in e l in e d r aw n v e rt i-

ca l ly on a ba r cha r t schedu le to ind ica te

the deg ree o f com ple t ion o f each ac t iv i ty

(bar) ; i f the f ront l ine for a par t icu lar

ac t iv i ty i s to the r igh t o f the p re sen t

da te , tha t ac t iv i ty i s ahead o f schedu le

and v ice ve r sa

Sc h e d u l e m l e v e l 4 g e n e r a l l y a s c h e d u le

of deta i led ac t iv i t ies ; def in i t ion var ies

f rom o rgan iza t ion to o rgan iza tion

Sc h e d u l e - - l e v e l 5 g e n e r a l l y a s c h e d u le

tha t inc ludes eve ry documen t , d rawing ,

data sheet , report , specif ica t ion , work

package , and o the r de l ive rab le s to be

c o m p l e t e d b y t h e p r o j e c t

Sc h e d u l e r e s e r v e a l lo w a n c e ( u s ua l ly s e v-

e r a l m o n t h s ) a d d e d b y p r o j e c t m a n a g e -

men t o r h ighe r au tho r i ty nea r the end o f

a schedu le to accoun t fo r known o r un -

know n r i sks

Scope o f s u p p l y l i st i ng o f w h a t w i ll b e

de l ive red unde r a con t rac t o r pu rchase

o rde r ( l is t o f de l ive rab le s to be fu rn i shed

to the c l ien t )

Scope of

w or k pa r t o f a con t rac t tha t de -

sc r ibes the work to be un de r taken by the

con t rac to r

S h o p d r a w i n g s e n g i ne e r in g d ra w i n gs

tha t g ive the m anufac tu re r s shop pe r -

sonne l the de ta i l s to f ab r ica te equ ipme n t

a n d o t h e r i t em s

Short listing r e d u c t i o n i n t h e n u m b e r o f

op t ions to two o r th ree ; can re fe r to the

se lec t ion o f a f ew b idde rs tha t wi l l be

eva lua ted in more de ta i l be fo re a f ina l

se lec t ion is made; a lso refers to a reduc-

t ion in the number o f concep ts p r io r to

f ina l concep t se lec t ion

S i t e q u e r i e s q u e s ti o n s f r o m t h e c o n s t ru c -

t ion s i t e s back to eng inee r ing to c la r i fy

des ign m a t te rs ; the re i s a sy s tem fo r th i s

on la rge r p ro jec ts

S i x s i g m a q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t p r o ce s s-

b a s e d , q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t a p p r o a c h

tha t seeks to reduce una ccep tab le va r ia -

t ions (de fec t s ) in the p rocess to be low

3 .4 de fec t s pe r mi l l ion by p rocess im-

p r o v e m e n t , p r o c e s s m a n a g e m e n t , a n d

process des ign o r r edes ign

Specification projec t document tha t pre-

scr ibes (usual ly in deta il ) how so meth ing

is to be engineered , manufactured , con-

structed, or used; e.g., design spe cification,

com pressor specifica t ion , pa in t specifica-

tion, steel specification, piping specifica-

t ion , f lange torquing specifica tion , heavy

lifting specification

Spec s s lang fo r spec i f ica t ions

Start up phased p rocess o f b r ing ing

a p rocess o r p lan t in to fu l l o r pa r t i a l

ope ra t ion

Subcontract con t rac tua l ag reemen t be -

tween a con t rac to r and ano the r con t rac to r

to provide goods and serv ices for a por-

t ion o f the o r ig ina l ly con t rac ted w ork

Su b p r o j e c t p a r t o f a l a r g e p r o j e c t t h a t

ope ra te s a s a p ro jec t wi th in a p ro jec t

because o f i t s s ize o r impor tance

Supplier

vendor o r con t rac to r

S y s t e m s c o m p l e t i o n s e e

commissioning

s o m e t i m e s i n c l u d e s c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k

tha t cou ld no t be o r was no t comple ted

in ea r l i e r phases


7/7

Glossary 211

ystems engineer

pro jec t eng ineer r espon-

s ib le fo r a sys t em o r g roup o f sys t ems

y s tem s en g i n eer i n g

i n i t i a l p h a s e o f

p r o j e c t d e t a i l e d e n g i n e e r i n g o r m a n u -

f a c t u r i n g w h e n s y s t e m s a r e d e f i n e d ,

e n g i n e e r e d , a n d s p e c i f i e d

Technica l requi s i t ion t echn ica l r equ i r e -

m e n t s f o r a p u r c h a s e o r d e r p r e p a r e d b y

t h e e n g i n e e r i n g t e a m

T o t a l a r e a r e s p o n s i b i l i t y p r o j e c t e n g i -

neer ' s mind- se t tha t he o r she i s com-

p le te ly r espons ib le fo r every th ing tha t

has to do wi th h i s o r her a r ea

Val idat ion

overa l l demons t r a t ion tha t a

p roduc t func t ions as des igned

Variat ion order

s a m e a s

change order

some pro jec t s use var i a t ion o rder fo r

c o n t r a c t c h a n g e s a n d c h a n g e o r d e r f o r

p u r c h a s e o r d e r c h a n g e s

Vendor

par ty to a purchase o rder who

agrees to p rov ide the goods and s e rv ices

V en d o r d a t a e n g i n e e r i n g d a t a r e q u i r e d

f rom manufac tu re r s ; i t i s neces sary

t o e n g i n e e r i n t e r f a c e s a n d c o m p l e t e

the de ta i l s o r p ro jec t sys t ems and a rea

e n g i n e e r i n g

Verification

conf i rmat ion tha t a work

produc t mee t s i t s spec i f i ed r equ i r e -

m e n t s

W B S w o r k b r e a k d o w n s t ru c t u re ; d e t a i le d

l i s t ing o f every s ign i f i can t par t o f the

c o n t r a c t u a l w o r k ; i n c lu d e s c o m p o n e n t s ,

s u b c o m p o n e n t s , w o r k p a c k a g e s , a n d

o ther p ro jec t de l iverab les

Wi d g e t

h u m o r o u s n a m e f o r a m a n u f a c -

t u r e d p r o d u c t

Witness points ac t iv it i es in the man ufac-

t u r i n g p r o c e s s t h a t t h e c u s t o m e r w a n t s

to observe

W o r k - a r o u n d s a p p r oa c h t o g e t a r o u n d a

p r o b l e m o r m i t i g a t e r i s k s ; s y n o n y m o u s

w i t h c o n t i n g e n c y p l a n s

W o r k f a c e s l an g f o r t h e l e v e l i n a n o r g a -

n iza t ion where work ac tua l ly i s done ;

ana log ous to the coa l - f ace in a coa l

m i n e

W o r k - h o u r h o u r w o r k ed b y a m a n or

w o m a n

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