Chapter# 01 faizan mohammad

8/7/2019 Chapter# 01 faizan mohammad

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Chapter # 01Chapter # 01

Presented By:Presented By: Faizan RiazFaizan Riaz

Mohammad FuadMohammad Fuad


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CommunicationCommunication

The interaction between two or more thanThe interaction between two or more than

two bodies for the sake of getting, sharingtwo bodies for the sake of getting, sharing

info is called communicationinfo is called communication


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Type of communicationType of communication

UniUni--Directional communicationDirectional communication

BiBi--Directional communicationDirectional communication


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Features of CommunicationFeatures of Communication

Four things requiredFour things required

Sender, receiver, medium, and messageSender, receiver, medium, and message

Types of messagesTypes of messagesUnderstandabilityUnderstandability

Error DetectionError Detection


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SenderSender

Generates data to be transmittedGenerates data to be transmitted

Converts data into transmittable signalsConverts data into transmittable signals


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MessageMessage

The information which is need to be deliveredThe information which is need to be delivered

Which may have some meaning or may not..Which may have some meaning or may not..

Types of messagesTypes of messages

FileFile

RequestRequest

ResponseResponse

StatusStatus ControlControl

CorrespondenceCorrespondence


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MediumMedium

The mechanism by which theThe mechanism by which the

communication is conveyedcommunication is conveyed

Carries dataCarries data


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ReceiverReceiver

Takes incoming dataTakes incoming data

Converts received signal into dataConverts received signal into data


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Key Data CommunicationKey Data Communication

ConceptsConceptsSessionSession: communication dialog between network users: communication dialog between network usersor applicationsor applications

NetworkNetwork: interconnected group of computers and: interconnected group of computers andcommunication devicescommunication devices

NodeNode: a network: a network--attached computerattached computerLinkLink: connects adjacent nodes: connects adjacent nodes

PathPath: end: end--toto--end route within a networkend route within a network

CircuitCircuit: the conduit over which data travels: the conduit over which data travels

PacketizingPacketizing: dividing messages into fixed: dividing messages into fixed--lengthlength

packets prior to transmission over a networkspackets prior to transmission over a networkscommunication mediacommunication media

RoutingRouting: determining a messages path from sending to: determining a messages path from sending toreceiving nodes.receiving nodes.


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Modern Communication NetworksModern Communication Networks

Invention of telegraph Samuel MorseInvention of telegraph Samuel Morse

18371837

Alexander Graham Bell ( Telephone )Alexander Graham Bell ( Telephone ) 18761876

On Wire SystemOn Wire SystemOpen Wire SystemOpen Wire System


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On Wire SystemOn Wire System

Switching center ( telephone exchange )Switching center ( telephone exchange )

Open Wire SystemOpen Wire System

Tower transmissionTower transmission


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Ethernet Cable

DSL/Cable

Modem

Wall Jack

Hub/Switch/Router


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Ethernet Cable

DSL/Cable

Modem

Wall Jack

Hub/Switch/Router


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Communication MediaCommunication Media

More specifically data communication isMore specifically data communication is

transmitted via mediums such as wires, coaxialtransmitted via mediums such as wires, coaxial

cables, fiber optics, or radiated electromagneticcables, fiber optics, or radiated electromagnetic

waves such as broadcast radio, infrared light,waves such as broadcast radio, infrared light,

microwaves, and satellites.microwaves, and satellites.


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Communications TasksCommunications TasksTransmission system utilizationTransmission system utilization AddressingAddressing

InterfacingInterfacing RoutingRouting

Signal generationSignal generation RecoveryRecovery

SynchronizationSynchronization Message formattingMessage formatting

Exchange managementExchange management SecuritySecurity

Error detection and correctionError detection and correction Network managementNetwork management

Flow controlFlow control


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NetworkingNetworking

Point to point communication not usuallyPoint to point communication not usually

practicalpractical

Devices are too far apartDevices are too far apart Large set of devices would need impracticalLarge set of devices would need impractical

number of connectionsnumber of connections

Solution is a communications networkSolution is a communications network

Wide Area Network (WAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)


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Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

Smaller scopeSmaller scope

Building or small campusBuilding or small campus

Usually owned by same organization asUsually owned by same organization asattached devicesattached devices

Data rates much higherData rates much higher

Usually broadcast systemsUsually broadcast systemsNow some switched systems and ATM areNow some switched systems and ATM are

being introducedbeing introduced


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LAN ConfigurationsLAN Configurations

SwitchedSwitched

Switched EthernetSwitched Ethernet

May be single or multiple switchesMay be single or multiple switches

ATM LANATM LAN

Fibre ChannelFibre Channel

WirelessWireless

MobilityMobility

Ease of installationEase of installation


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Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks

MANMAN

Middle ground between LAN and WANMiddle ground between LAN and WAN

Private or public networkPrivate or public networkHigh speedHigh speed

Large areaLarge area


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Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks

Large geographical areaLarge geographical area

Crossing public rights of wayCrossing public rights of way

Rely in part on common carrier circuitsRely in part on common carrier circuitsAlternative technologiesAlternative technologies

Circuit switchingCircuit switching

Packet switchingPacket switching Frame relayFrame relay

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)


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Cable MediaCable Media

MultiMulti--strand Twisted Pair Cablestrand Twisted Pair Cable

Coaxial cable systems (broadband)Coaxial cable systems (broadband)

MicroMicro--wave Systemswave SystemsSatellite SystemSatellite System

Public switch telephone network (PSTN)Public switch telephone network (PSTN)

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

The nominal voice channelThe nominal voice channel

The InternetThe Internet


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MEDIUM SPEED COST

Twisted Wire 300 Bps - 10 Mbps Low

Micro-Wave 256 Kbps - 100 Mbps

Satellite 256 Kbps - 100 Mbps

Coaxial Cable 56 Kbps - 200 Mbps

Fiber-Optic Cable 500 Kbps 10 Gbps High


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MultiMulti--strand Twisted Pair Cablestrand Twisted Pair Cable

Flatmulti codes electrical cables

Environmental Material

Solid orStranded copper conductor

Flex or Rigid


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Coaxial cable systems (broadband)Coaxial cable systems (broadband)

Coaxial cable, orcoax, is an electrical

cable with an inner conductor surrounded

by a flexible, tubular insulating layer,

surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

The term coaxial comes from the inner

conductor and the outer shield sharing thesame geometric axis. Coaxial cable was

invented by English engineer and

mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who first

patented the design in 1880.[1]

Coaxial cable is used as a transmission

line forradio frequency signals, inapplications such as connecting radio

transmitters and receivers with their

antennas, computer network (Internet)

connections, and distributing cable

television signals.


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Optical FiberOptical Fiber

AnAn optical fiberoptical fiberororoptical fiberoptical fiberis ais athin, flexible, transparent fiber thatthin, flexible, transparent fiber that

acts as a wave guide, or "light pipe",acts as a wave guide, or "light pipe",

to transmit light between the two endsto transmit light between the two ends

of the fiber. The field of appliedof the fiber. The field of appliedScience and engineering concernedScience and engineering concerned

with the design and application ofwith the design and application of

optical fibers is known asoptical fibers is known as fiberfiber

opticsoptics..

Optical fiber typically consists of aOptical fiber typically consists of atransparent core surrounded by atransparent core surrounded by a

transparent cladding material with atransparent cladding material with a

lower index of refraction. Light is keptlower index of refraction. Light is kept

in the core by total internal reflection.in the core by total internal reflection.


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The InternetThe Internet

The Internet is a global system of

interconnected computer network that use

the standard internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users

worldwide. It is a network of networks that

consists of millions of private, public,

academic, business, and government

networks, of local to global scope, that are

linked by a broad array of electronic,wireless and optical networking

technologies. The Internet carries a vast

range of Information resources and

services, such as the inter-linked hypertext

documents of the world wide web (WWW)

and the infrastructure to support electronic

mail.


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Thanks For Paying AttentionThanks For Paying Attention


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Any Question!!!!!Any Question!!!!!

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Chapter# 01 faizan mohammad