Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.1 CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin,

Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.

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CHAPTER 1FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin, A. D. (2010). ICOMM: Interpersonal concepts and competencies. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.


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Why is effective communication crucial?

Communication is meaningful in your life because it is how you know yourself .

Communication is the basis for human contact.


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What is Communication?

Conscious or unconscious. Intentional or unintentional. Process. Feelings and ideas are expressed. verbal and/or nonverbal messages. Messages sent, received, and

comprehended.


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Communication is

Dynamic. Continuous. Irreversible. Interactive. Contextual.

This classic theory was developed by David Berlo and first presented in David K. Berlo, The Process of Communication: An Introduction to Theory and Practice (New York: Holt,

Rinehart and Winston, 1960).


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Models of Communication

THE LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Source Encodes Receiver Sensory channels Decode


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THE INTERACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Add to the original model: Feedback Adaptation


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THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Add to the models: Messages are processed

simultaneously by the communicators.


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COMMUNICATIVE NOISE

Environmental noise. Physiological-impairment noise. Semantic noise. Syntactical noise. Organizational noise. Cultural noise. Psychological noise.


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Make A List

What can interfere with effective interpersonal communication?


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DEALING WITH NOISE

Need to be flexible. Need to show sensitivity. Need to be adaptive.


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THE BASIS FOR COMMUNICATION

Nature and nurture. Ethnographic Theory of Needs

proposes that the basic forces that determine human behavior are feeling secure, protecting one's space (territoriality), finding pleasure, and ensuring survival of the species.


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INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Intrapersonal communication is the active internal processing of messages.

Self-talk. Affirmations. Diaries.


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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Interaction between two people who share a relationship.

The basis for interpersonal transactions is the sending and receiving of messages in such a way that the messages are successfully encoded and decoded.


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CULTURE

“Culture is the rules for living and functioning in society.”

Larry Samovar, Richard Porter, Edwin McDaniel, Intercultural Communication, A Reader 12 ed., (Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009), p. 10.


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Make A List

What makes up a culture or co-culture?

Ethnicity? Nationality Social-economic class? Age? Geographic region?


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US AMERICANS NEED TO ADAPT

Immigration statistics indicate that “whites, who currently make up around two-thirds of the US population, will become a minority (47%) by 2020.

The largest minority in the US is currently Hispanic, whose proportion will double in the next decades to 29% in 2050.

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-02-11-population-study_N.htm

“Whites to be minority in US by 2020: study,”

News.yahoo.com/s/afp/2008, February 11, 2008.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

Culture is learned. Roots are deep in the

communication process. Culture is a dynamic system that

changes over time; however, the deep structure of a culture resists change.


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ETHNOCENTRISM

Tendency to put a person's own culture and patterns of society as the essence of many decisions and judgments.

Think one’s culture is best.

Robley D. Rhine, "William Graham Sumner's Concept of Ethnocentrism: Some Implications for Intercultural Communication," World Communication 18 (Spring 1989): 2.

Warning, you may find content offensive, but you can search the Internet for videos about ethnocentrism, such as this one What is Culture Ethnocentrism 0001


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ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION

Ethics is a study of what should serve as a framework for what is moral (acceptable) and immoral (unacceptable) behavior in a particular culture.[i]

Your ethical value system is the basis for your decision-making and your understanding of why you will or will not take a particular stand or action.

It is the basis for your communication ethics.

[i] Richard L. Johannesen, Ethics in Human Communication 4 Ed. (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2001), p. 2.


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Make A List

What are the characteristics of an ethical interpersonal communicator?


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An Ethical Communicator

Communicates truthfully. Never uses the objective of honesty

as an excuse to be abusive or hurtful. Is assertive, may be persuasive, but

never coerces another person. Never invents stories or information

without explaining.


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Explains or gives credit to the source of information.

Knows how to keep confidences. Owns up to biases, prejudices, and

inappropriate behavior. Stops gossip and prejudicial

comments.


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Avoids talking behind the back of another person, but instead confronts problems with others by using a content-based interaction.

Avoids name-calling, personal attacks, or dredging up another person's past mistakes.


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Attacks the issue to be dealt with, rather than attacking the other person.

Creates a positive interpersonal climate with the objective of supporting the needs of the individuals in the relational interaction.


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BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Communication takes place within a system.

Messages cannot be erased. Communication is proactive. The meaning of a given act of

communication cannot be separated from the components of the communicative act ( participants, context, purpose)


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Interpersonal communication is culture-oriented.

We teach others how to treat us. We communicate what and who we

are. We seek to persuade.


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Meaning is in people, not in words. We cannot not communicate. People react to your actions. You do what you do because in the

end you expect to achieve happiness.


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You cannot always have the same understandings and feelings as others.

People would rather be praised than punished, punished rather than ignored.[1]

Be curious, not furious.[2]

[1] A concept expressed on her nationally syndicated radio program by Dr. Joy Brown, psychologist, http://www.drjoy.com/ [2] Ibid.


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Application Learning Activities


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JOIN OUR FACEBOOK GROUP

Join our Facebook group http://www.facebook.com/groups/edit.php?edit_members&gid=212031107692#/group.php?gid=212031107692&ref=search&sid=839393655.3678944990..1 Go to the Discussion board and discuss an idea from this chapter.


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INTERNET

Explore the Internet--websites, videos, music--using the search terms of "communication," "culture," and "ethics." What can you find that is consistent with the ideas of in chapter one of your textbook?


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MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

Draw your own model of communication. What elements are essential? Is your model simpler or more complex than the ones in your textbook?


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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Using a clothes hanger, thread, and paper, create a mobile that represents a communication system. On each piece of hanging paper, write a crucial element of effective communication.

How hard is it to keep your mobile in balance?

What happens if you touch or remove one element?


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END CHAPTER 1FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin, A. D. (2010). ICOMM: Interpersonal concepts and competencies. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Visuals from Microsoft clipart or as indicated.

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Chapter 1. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.1 CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin,