CHAPTER 10: THE CHAPTER 10: THE UNION IN PERILUNION IN PERIL

BEFORE, DURING AND BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1850-18771850-1877

THE SOUTH BEFORE THE THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WARWAR

• Rural plantation Rural plantation economyeconomy

• Relied on slave laborRelied on slave labor• ““Peculiar Institution” Peculiar Institution”

created tensioncreated tension• Southerners feared Southerners feared

that the loss of slavery that the loss of slavery would mean lose of would mean lose of cultureculture

Family working the cotton field on a Plantation

THE NORTH BEFORE THE THE NORTH BEFORE THE WARWAR

• The North had a more The North had a more diverse economydiverse economy

• Industry flourishedIndustry flourished• Openly opposed Openly opposed

slavery in the South slavery in the South and the new territoriesand the new territories

• More urbanized than More urbanized than SouthSouth

BOSTON HARBOR

SectionalismSectionalism

• States begin to ban together based on States begin to ban together based on basic ideas.basic ideas.

• Causes country to start to separate.Causes country to start to separate.

California StatehoodCalifornia Statehood

• California Gold RushCalifornia Gold Rush• Population boom let Population boom let

CA apply directly for CA apply directly for statehood.statehood.

• Slave State or Free Slave State or Free State?State?

• CA would upset the CA would upset the “Balance of Power” “Balance of Power” between the sectionsbetween the sections

How How waswas the bill the bill passed?passed?

Stephen Douglas

Popular Sovereignty

Let new state decide on slavery

State Votes

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• California enter as free state.California enter as free state.

• Popular Sovereignty in rest of Mexican Popular Sovereignty in rest of Mexican Secession.Secession.

• Slave Trade ended in Washington D.C.Slave Trade ended in Washington D.C.

History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide G

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACTFUGITIVE SLAVE ACT• Under the FEDERAL law, Under the FEDERAL law,

runaway slaves were not runaway slaves were not entitled to a trial by juryentitled to a trial by jury

• Anyone helping a slave Anyone helping a slave escape was jailed for 6 escape was jailed for 6 months and fined $1,000 months and fined $1,000

• Northerners were upset Northerners were upset by the harshness of the by the harshness of the new law and often helped new law and often helped hide fugitive slaveshide fugitive slaves

A HARSH FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FURTHER INCREASED TENSIONS

History Alive USH 8-5, Activity 2.1, Slide H

Is the whistle that is located on trains that Is the whistle that is located on trains that travel on the underground railroad loud?travel on the underground railroad loud?

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

DefinitionDefinition• A network of secret routes and safe houses A network of secret routes and safe houses

used by slaves to escape to free states and used by slaves to escape to free states and Canada with the help of aboitionist.Canada with the help of aboitionist.

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman• Most famous Most famous

conductorconductor

• She made 13 She made 13 trips to the south trips to the south to help slavesto help slaves

• She helped free She helped free over 70 slaves.over 70 slaves.

TermsTerms• Station MasterStation Master

– People who hide slaves in their homesPeople who hide slaves in their homes

• PassangersPassangers– SlavesSlaves

• StationsStations– Hiding SpotsHiding Spots

• ConductorConductor– GuidesGuides

SignalsSignals• Lanterns identified safe houses.Lanterns identified safe houses.• Songs-Slave masters thought they were Songs-Slave masters thought they were

religious but most of the time they had religious but most of the time they had meaning.meaning.

• Quilt-Patterns depicted different things Quilt-Patterns depicted different things • North Star – Follow the star to freedomNorth Star – Follow the star to freedom• Sailboat – Body of water ahead or boat Sailboat – Body of water ahead or boat

use.use.