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CHAPTER
12
12.1Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Protective Systems
CHAPTER
12
12.2Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (1 of 4)
• Identify the value of protective systems in protecting life and property.
• Identify and explain the operation of the various types of detection devices.
• Explain and recognize the types of sprinkler heads and how they operate.
CHAPTER
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12.3Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (2 of 4)
• Identify the various types of sprinkler systems and the components of each type.
• Identify the piping arrangements of sprinkler systems and connections.
• Demonstrate how to connect to a fire department connection.
• Identify control valves for systems and explain their operation.
CHAPTER
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12.4Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (3 of 4)
• Explain the methods used to return a sprinkler system to service.
• Demonstrate techniques for stopping a flowing sprinkler head.
• Identify standpipe classes and types of systems.
• Identify piping and connections for standpipe systems.
CHAPTER
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12.5Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Objectives (4 of 4)
• Demonstrate how to connect supply and attack lines to standpipe connections.
• Identify alarm systems for protective systems.• Explain fire department procedures at
protective properties.• Identify other protective systems, their
components, benefits, and hazards.
CHAPTER
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12.6Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction (1 of 2)
• Protective systems help protect lives and property.
• Suppression systems are devices that help control fires.– Also called auxiliary appliances
• Some systems require manual activation, while others can detect a fire automatically.
CHAPTER
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12.7Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Introduction (2 of 2)
• Sprinklers and standpipes are two main suppression systems.
• Most systems use water; however, chemicals and other agents can be used.
CHAPTER
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12.8Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (1 of 2)
• Sprinkler heads are the key component of the system.
• Heat sensitive parts usually detect heat and apply water to the fire.
• Sprinkler heads come in many designs.• Standard sprinklers are marked with SSU or
SSP on the deflector.
CHAPTER
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12.9Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Design and Operation (2 of 2)
• Operation of a sprinkler head begins with the fusible element reaching is fusing point.
• There are three types of fusing elements.• Fusible link• Bulb filled• Chemical pellet
CHAPTER
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12.10Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Types
CHAPTER
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12.11Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler Head Parts
CHAPTER
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12.12Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (1 of 3)
• The connections and piping for a sprinkler system provide water to the heads.
• On some systems, a fire pump may be included.
• A secondary water source is a fire department siamese connection.
• Fire department connection can supply system even if main control valve is closed.
CHAPTER
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12.13Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (2 of 3)
• Most systems also have a backflow preventer.
• System may have other control and check valves.
• Main control valve is below riser that feeds the cross mains and branch lines.
• Tamper alarms alert the alarm company whenever someone operates the valve.
CHAPTER
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12.14Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Sprinkler System Connections and Piping (3 of 3)
• Firefighters should be able to connect a supply line to a sprinkler or or standpipe.
• When connecting to a siamese, use the outlet on the far left first.
CHAPTER
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12.15Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Control Devices for Sprinkler Systems
• There are three main control devices for sprinkler and standpipe systems.– Outer screw & yoke (OS&Y)– Post indicator valve (PIV)– Wall indicator valve (WAV)
CHAPTER
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12.16Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Fire Protection Valves
CHAPTER
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12.17Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (1 of 3)
• Most departments do not service sprinkler systems.
• Fire departments stop the flowing head or shut the system down.
• Firefighters must know how to shut down either individual heads or the entire system.
• Fire step is to shut down any pumper supplying the system.
CHAPTER
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12.18Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (2 of 3)
• The main sprinkler or a sectional valve should be shut down and drained.
• Valves must be reset and opened once sprinkler heads are replaced.
• Sprinkler tongs or wooden wedges can be used to stop a sprinkler.
• Water flow may also be stopped by shutting down the main sprinkler valve or a floor or sectional valve.
CHAPTER
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12.19Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Returning Sprinkler Systems to Service (3 of 3)
• You can replace heads, once a system is shut down and drained.
• Slowly refill the system.
• If system cannot be restored, a fire watch will be needed.
CHAPTER
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12.20Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Stopping Water Flow
CHAPTER
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12.21Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe Classifications (1 of 3)
• Standpipe systems in large buildings prepipe water lines for fire streams.
• Some systems allow both occupants and firefighters to use them.
• Tunnel systems and shopping malls have horizontal standpipe systems.
• Standpipe systems are classified by type of user and requirements for volume and size.
CHAPTER
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12.22Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe Classifications (2 of 3)
• Class I systems are designed for trained personnel.
• Class II systems are designed for use by untrained building occupants.– May be used by a trained or untrained person
• Class III systems are used by trained or untrained personnel, but meet Class I requirements for flow.
CHAPTER
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12.23Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe Classifications (3 of 3)
• An automatic wet pipe system has a water supply.
• Automatic dry and semiautomatic dry pipe use dry pipe until a hose station is opened.
• Semiautomatic systems require an activation valve to be opened manually.
• Manual dry pipe relies on the fire department connection for water supply.
CHAPTER
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12.24Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe System Connections and Piping (1 of 2)
• Standpipe systems range from very simple to complex systems.
• Standpipe systems include piping, outlets with hose, valves, fire department connections, and monitoring devices.
• Piping includes the riser or risers and any attachments needed.
CHAPTER
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12.25Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Standpipe System Connections and Piping (2 of 2)
• Outlets may be in building stairwell or wall-mounted cabinet.
• Pressure regulating device should be attached to the outlet.
• Standpipe valves are similar to sprinkler systems.
• Fire department connection is an inlet or siamese device.
CHAPTER
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12.26Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Class I Standpipe System
CHAPTER
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12.27Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Class II Standpipe System
CHAPTER
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12.28Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (1 of 2)
• Alarms and monitoring systems are found in most sprinkler and standpipe systems.
• Sprinkler systems are both detection and suppression devices.
• Occupant-used standpipe systems should be monitored.
• Gate valve may activate standpipe system.
CHAPTER
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12.29Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Alarms for Standpipes and Sprinklers (2 of 2)
• Water flow alarms are also electrical or mechanical.
• Alarm company notifies fire department.
• Alarm company responds to tamper alarms.
CHAPTER
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12.30Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Other Protective Systems
• Many other protective systems are in use today.
• Firefighters need to be familiar with most common types.
• If responding to more complex system, personnel should be familiar with them.
CHAPTER
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12.31Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Local Application and Hood Systems
• System is designed for a certain location.
• Most systems use dry or wet chemical agents.
• Used for Class K fires.
CHAPTER
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12.32Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Total Flooding Systems
• Used to protect entire area room or building.
• Use CO2 or other inert gases, halogenated or clean agents, dry chemicals, or foam.
CHAPTER
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12.33Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Summary (1 of 2)
• Protective systems are designed to detect and/or suppress a fire.
• Value and operation of these systems must be understood.
• Sprinkler systems are used for detection and suppression.
• There are four main types of systems.
CHAPTER
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12.34Copyright © 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning
Summary (2 of 2)
• Standpipes supply water to large buildings.• Building occupants can also use standpipe
systems as well as firefighters.• Standpipe operations require careful
coordination. • Other systems detect fire and apply
extinguishing agent.• Kitchens usually have hood systems; other
systems are used to protect valuables.
