Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 Stock Market crash in Stock Market crash in

19291929 Depression and Depression and

drought causing dust drought causing dust stormsstorms

Brought hardship, Brought hardship, homelessness and homelessness and hunger to millionshunger to millions

Unemployment rose Unemployment rose and people in cities on and people in cities on street.street.

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 Shantytowns (Make shift shack Shantytowns (Make shift shack

towns) sprung up-towns) sprung up-A shanty town A shanty town (also called a squatter (also called a squatter settlement) is a settlement) is a slumslum settlement settlement (sometimes illegal or (sometimes illegal or unauthorized) of unauthorized) of impoverishedimpoverished people who live in improvised people who live in improvised dwellings made from scrap dwellings made from scrap materials: often materials: often plywoodplywood, , corrugated metalcorrugated metal and sheets of and sheets of plasticplastic. Shanty towns, which are . Shanty towns, which are usually built on the periphery of usually built on the periphery of cities, often do not have proper cities, often do not have proper sanitationsanitation, , electricityelectricity, or , or telephonetelephone services. services.

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 Soup Kitchens – offering free or low Soup Kitchens – offering free or low

cost food cost food Bread lines – Lines of people waiting Bread lines – Lines of people waiting

to receive free food sprung up.to receive free food sprung up. Minorities in worst shapeMinorities in worst shape Between 1929 and 1932 about Between 1929 and 1932 about

400,000 farms were lost to 400,000 farms were lost to foreclosureforeclosure

Dust Bowl began in 1930’sDust Bowl began in 1930’s Farmers had turned ground over so Farmers had turned ground over so

not much grass left due to plowingnot much grass left due to plowing

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colorado hardest hit Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colorado hardest hit

and known as Dust Bowl. and known as Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl or the The Dust Bowl or the Dirty Thirties was a period of severe Dirty Thirties was a period of severe dust stormsdust storms causing major ecological and causing major ecological and agriculturalagricultural damage to damage to AmericanAmerican and and CanadianCanadian prairieprairie lands from 1930 to lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severe was caused by severe droughtdrought coupled with decades coupled with decades of extensive farming without of extensive farming without crop rotationcrop rotation, fallow , fallow fields, fields, cover cropscover crops or other techniques to prevent or other techniques to prevent erosionerosion..[1][1] Deep plowing of the virgin Deep plowing of the virgin topsoiltopsoil of the of the Great PlainsGreat Plains had displaced the natural grasses that had displaced the natural grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds.even during periods of drought and high winds.

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 During the drought of the 1930s, During the drought of the 1930s,

without natural anchors to keep the without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away eastward and and blew away eastward and southward in large dark clouds. At southward in large dark clouds. At times the clouds blackened the sky times the clouds blackened the sky reaching all the way to East Coast reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York and cities such as New York and Washington, D.C. Much of the soil Washington, D.C. Much of the soil ended up deposited in the Atlantic ended up deposited in the Atlantic Ocean, carried by prevailing winds Ocean, carried by prevailing winds which were in part created by the dry which were in part created by the dry and bare soil conditions itself.and bare soil conditions itself.

Chapter 14 Section 2Chapter 14 Section 2 Many farmers left their land and headed Many farmers left their land and headed

West on Route 66 to CaliforniaWest on Route 66 to California Migrants known as OkiesMigrants known as Okies Families became more Families became more importantimportant During early years no During early years no relief from Governmentrelief from Government Women started working and were resented Women started working and were resented

by men for taking jobs.by men for taking jobs. Lack of Money led to health problemsLack of Money led to health problems Many people lost their will to survive.Many people lost their will to survive.

Chapter 14 Section 2 Quiz• 1.) What caused the Dust Bowl?• a.) Drought• b.) The depression• c.) Floods

• 2.) What was the economy like during the Dust Bowl?

• a.) America was prosperous• b.) America was bordering on becoming a

third world nation• c.) America was in a depression

• 3.) What is a make shift shack town called?

• a.) Hobo town• b.) Shantytown• c.) Shacktown

• 4.) What did Soup Kitchens offer?• a.) Free or low cost health care• b.) Free or low cost food• c.) Free or low cost housing

• 5.) Name one thing that farmers did that led to the Dust Bowl.

• a.) They planted grass• b.) They tilled up most of the grass• c.) They planted too many trees

• 6.) What states were considered in the Dust Bowl?

• a.) Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado and Texas

• b.) California, Florida, Kansas and Oklahoma

• c.) Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas

• 7.) What were the people called that migrated to California?

• a.) Migrates• b.) Trailblazers• c.) Okies

• 8.) What route did people take in their migration to California?

• a.) Route 66• b.) Route 44• c.) Highway 33