Chapter 15Chapter 15

Zach Cheplak, Kyle Dill, Erin Zach Cheplak, Kyle Dill, Erin EklundEklund

AP Gov 7AP Gov 7thth Hour Hour

Government at Work: Government at Work: The BureaucracyThe Bureaucracy

Section 1Section 1

The Federal The Federal BureaucracyBureaucracy

Section 1: The Federal Section 1: The Federal BureaucracyBureaucracy

VocabVocabBureaucracyBureaucracy

BureaucratBureaucrat AdministrationAdministration

Staff agencyStaff agency

Line agencyLine agency

The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Bureaucracy

A bureaucracy is a large, complex A bureaucracy is a large, complex administrative structure that handles administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an the everyday business of an organization.organization.

It includes, but is not exclusive to the It includes, but is not exclusive to the U.S. Federal U.S. Federal Government, the Government, the largest bureaucracy in the U.S., largest bureaucracy in the U.S., various corporations, the militaries, various corporations, the militaries, and each separate city government. and each separate city government.

The Three Parts of a The Three Parts of a Bureaucracy Bureaucracy

Hierarchical AuthorityHierarchical Authority– A chain of command.A chain of command.

Job SpecializationJob Specialization– Each worker, or bureaucrat, has a Each worker, or bureaucrat, has a

specific specific job.job. Formalized RulesFormalized Rules

– A series of precise rules and regulations A series of precise rules and regulations that establish an exact procedure. that establish an exact procedure.

*Bureaucrats aren’t elected

Majority of the bureaucracy is Majority of the bureaucracy is in executive branchin executive branch

The President is the chief administrator The President is the chief administrator of the Federal Government as declared of the Federal Government as declared by the Constitution. by the Constitution.

The Constitution makes only a few The Constitution makes only a few small references to the administrative small references to the administrative process.process.

Article II gives the President to appoint Article II gives the President to appoint Ambassadors, and other public Ambassadors, and other public Ministers and Consuls. Ministers and Consuls.

TitlesTitles Agency and Administration Agency and Administration

– Any governmental body; A major unit headed Any governmental body; A major unit headed by a single administrator who is of near-by a single administrator who is of near-cabinet status.cabinet status.

Commission Commission – Agencies that regulate business activities. Agencies that regulate business activities.

Corporation and Authority Corporation and Authority – Agencies that conduct business-like activities. Agencies that conduct business-like activities.

Bureau, service, office, branch, Bureau, service, office, branch,

Agency Make-upAgency Make-up

Staff AgenciesStaff Agencies– Supports chief executive and others by Supports chief executive and others by

offering advice and assistance in offering advice and assistance in management.management.

Line agenciesLine agencies– Actually perform the tasks for the Actually perform the tasks for the

organization.organization.

Section 2Section 2

The Executive The Executive OfficeOffice

Section 2: Section 2: The Executive The Executive Office of the PresidentOffice of the President

VocabVocabExecutive Office of the PresidentExecutive Office of the President

Federal budgetFederal budget Fiscal yearFiscal year

Domestic affairsDomestic affairs

The Executive Office of the The Executive Office of the President (EOP) President (EOP)

The unit of several different The unit of several different agencies, consisting of the agencies, consisting of the President’s closest advisors.President’s closest advisors.

First founded by Congress in 1939, First founded by Congress in 1939, and restructured during every and restructured during every administration since then.administration since then.

The White House Office The White House Office The nucleus of the executive branch. The nucleus of the executive branch. Includes the President’s key political Includes the President’s key political

and personal staff.and personal staff. The Chief of StaffThe Chief of Staff

– Supervises all of the procedures at the Supervises all of the procedures at the White House.White House.

The President has many different The President has many different aides which advise him on all the aides which advise him on all the important areas of government important areas of government

*Over 400 Staff Members

The National Security The National Security CouncilCouncil

A staff agency that gathers at the A staff agency that gathers at the President’s request, and advises him President’s request, and advises him on various government matters. on various government matters.

Members include the Vice President, Members include the Vice President, the CIA director, the secretary of the CIA director, the secretary of state, the secretary of defense, and state, the secretary of defense, and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Staff.

Other OfficesOther Offices

The Office of Homeland Security The Office of Homeland Security The Office of Management and Budget The Office of Management and Budget The Office of Faith-Based and The Office of Faith-Based and

Community InitiativesCommunity Initiatives The Office of National Drug Control The Office of National Drug Control

Policy Policy The Council of Economic Advisers The Council of Economic Advisers Many MoreMany More

Section 3Section 3

The Executive The Executive Departments Departments

Section 3: The Executive Section 3: The Executive DepartmentsDepartments

VocabVocabExecutive departmentsExecutive departments

SecretarySecretary Attorney generalAttorney general

The Executive DepartmentsThe Executive Departments

Also known as the Cabinet Also known as the Cabinet departments, these are the traditional departments, these are the traditional units of federal administration, each of units of federal administration, each of which is built around a extensive area which is built around a extensive area of activity. of activity.

At first only three departments existed, At first only three departments existed, the State, Treasury, and War the State, Treasury, and War Departments. Departments.

Officers and StaffOfficers and Staff

A secretary leads each department with A secretary leads each department with the exception of the Department of the exception of the Department of Justice which is headed by the attorney Justice which is headed by the attorney general.general.

The leaders of each department connect The leaders of each department connect their department to the President. their department to the President.

All of these officials are appointed by All of these officials are appointed by the President and confirmed by the the President and confirmed by the Senate. Senate.

The Fifteen Executive The Fifteen Executive DepartmentsDepartments

Include the Departments of State, Include the Departments of State, Treasury, Defense, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health Commerce, Labor, Health

and Human Services, Housing and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, and Urban Development,

Transportation, Energy, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, and Education, Veterans Affairs, and

Homeland Security. Homeland Security.

The Cabinet The Cabinet

The Cabinet was created in 1789 when the The Cabinet was created in 1789 when the secretaries of secretaries of state, war, treasury, and state, war, treasury, and the attorney general met and advised the attorney general met and advised President George Washington, who from President George Washington, who from then on frequently sought their advice. then on frequently sought their advice.

Now the Cabinet consists of all the heads of Now the Cabinet consists of all the heads of the 15 different Executive Departments, the the 15 different Executive Departments, the Vice President, and whichever other Vice President, and whichever other officials the President wants to add. officials the President wants to add.

Choosing the CabinetChoosing the Cabinet

All the heads of the executive All the heads of the executive departments are appointed by the departments are appointed by the President and Confirmed by the Senate. President and Confirmed by the Senate.

The Cabinet member choices are made The Cabinet member choices are made based upon the person’s qualifications, based upon the person’s qualifications, experience, and are usually influenced experience, and are usually influenced by the President’s political party, and by the President’s political party, and current social issues. current social issues.

Role of the CabinetRole of the Cabinet

The cabinet members’ job is to The cabinet members’ job is to manage their department and to manage their department and to advise the President. advise the President.

The elimination of the Cabinet has The elimination of the Cabinet has never been recommended, but some never been recommended, but some President’s have chosen President’s have chosen to seek to seek advice from other groups. advice from other groups.

Section 4Section 4

Independent Independent AgenciesAgencies

Section 4: Independent Section 4: Independent agenciesagencies

VocabVocabIndependent agenciesIndependent agencies

Independent executive agenciesIndependent executive agencies

Independent regulatory commIndependent regulatory commissionsissions

Quasi-legislativeQuasi-legislative

Quasi-judicialQuasi-judicial Quasi-Quasi-modomodo

Government CorporationGovernment Corporation

Independent AgenciesIndependent Agencies

There are about 150 independent There are about 150 independent agencies. agencies.

The agencies are set up mainly The agencies are set up mainly because they do not fit well within because they do not fit well within any department. any department.

They are independent because of the They are independent because of the peculiar and sensitive nature of their peculiar and sensitive nature of their functions. functions.

Independent Executive Independent Executive AgenciesAgencies

GSA- General Services Administration- GSA- General Services Administration- constructs and operates public constructs and operates public buildings and their purchase and buildings and their purchase and distribution of supplies and equipment distribution of supplies and equipment

NASA- National Aeronautics and Space NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Administration.

Most independent executive agencies Most independent executive agencies have few employees, small budgets, have few employees, small budgets, and rarely attract any attention. and rarely attract any attention.

Independent regulatory Independent regulatory Commissions Commissions

Structured for independence. Structured for independence. – Each headed by a board made up Each headed by a board made up

of five to seven members of five to seven members appointed by the President with appointed by the President with Senate consent.Senate consent.

– No more than a bare majority of No more than a bare majority of the members may belong to the the members may belong to the same political party.same political party.

The Government The Government Corporations Corporations

The first government corporation that The first government corporation that was established was the Bank of the was established was the Bank of the United States in 1791. United States in 1791.

FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: insures bank deposits. Corporation: insures bank deposits.

Export-Import bank of the United Export-Import bank of the United States: makes loans to help the States: makes loans to help the export and sale of American goods export and sale of American goods abroad. abroad.

*Over 50 Corporations today

Government v. Private Government v. Private Corporations Corporations

Government Corporations produce Government Corporations produce income that is put back into income that is put back into business. business.

The Government decides the purpose The Government decides the purpose for which the public agencies exist for which the public agencies exist and the functions they can perform. and the functions they can perform. – Public officers and employees Public officers and employees – top officers selected by the President top officers selected by the President

with Senate approval. with Senate approval.

Section 5Section 5

The Civil The Civil ServiceService

Section 5: The Civil Section 5: The Civil ServiceService

VocabVocabCivil serviceCivil service

Spoils systemSpoils system

PatronagePatronage

RegisterRegister

BipartisanBipartisan

Development of the Civil Development of the Civil ServiceService

The Beginnings The Beginnings – In 1789 George Washington appointed In 1789 George Washington appointed

mainly Federalists to be the members of mainly Federalists to be the members of the government. the government.

– In 1801 Thomas Jefferson dismissed In 1801 Thomas Jefferson dismissed hundreds of the Federalists and hundreds of the Federalists and replaced them with Democratic-replaced them with Democratic-Republicans. Republicans.

Movement to ReformMovement to Reform

In 1881, President James Garfield In 1881, President James Garfield was shot by a disappointed was shot by a disappointed office-seeker, Charles J. Guiteau.office-seeker, Charles J. Guiteau.

The nation then passed the The nation then passed the Pendleton Act-the civil Service Pendleton Act-the civil Service Act of 1883. Act of 1883.

The Pendleton Act The Pendleton Act

Its main purpose was to make merit-Its main purpose was to make merit-the quality of one’s work-the basis the quality of one’s work-the basis for hiring, promotion, and other for hiring, promotion, and other personnel actions in the federal work personnel actions in the federal work force. force.

Today nearly 90 percent of the Today nearly 90 percent of the people who work for the executive people who work for the executive branch agencies are covered by the branch agencies are covered by the merit system. merit system.

Civil Service TodayCivil Service Today

The Office of Personnel ManagementThe Office of Personnel Management– The Office of Personnel Management, The Office of Personnel Management,

created in 1978, is the Federal created in 1978, is the Federal Government’s central personnel agency. Government’s central personnel agency.

Pay and Benefits Pay and Benefits – Congress sets the pay and other job Congress sets the pay and other job

conditions for everyone who words for the conditions for everyone who words for the Federal Government, except for Federal Government, except for employees of the United States Postal employees of the United States Postal Service. Service.

Political ActivitiesPolitical Activities

Hatch act of 1939Hatch act of 1939– allows federal workers to vote in elections, allows federal workers to vote in elections,

but forbids them to take part in partisan but forbids them to take part in partisan political activities.political activities.

The Federal Employees Political The Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993 Activities Act of 1993

– allows a federal worker to vote, help register allows a federal worker to vote, help register new voters, contribute money to candidates new voters, contribute money to candidates and parties, participate in campaigns, and and parties, participate in campaigns, and hold office in a political party. hold office in a political party.

This is the end.This is the end.