CHAPTER 17MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

SPAIN,PORTUGAL,

ITALY AND GREECE

SECTION 1: SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

• BOTH NATIONS OCCUPY THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

• PORTUGAL MAKES UP 1/6 OF THIS PENINSULA

• PENINSULA SEPARATED FROM FRANCE BY PYRENNES MOUNTAINS

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SPAIN

• SPAIN--CALLED THE “CASTLE”– SPANISH COAT OF ARMS– ACCESS BLOCKED BY PYRENNES MTS.

• MOST OF INTERIOR SPAIN PLATEAUS CALLED “MESETA”

• DIVIDED BY RIVERS, ONLY THE GUADALQUIVIR RIVER IS NAVIGABLE

• http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/spain-map/

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SPAIN’S CLIMATE

• ALMOST ALL MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE

• CLIMATE INFLUENCED BY ELEVATION

• MESETA IS DRIER THAN NORTH– USE DRY FARMING METHODS SO SOILS

GATHERS MOISTURE

• SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN AFFECTED BY SIROCCOS-HOT DRY WINDS FROM N. AFRICA

SPAIN’S ECONOMY

• ECONOMY SHIFTS FROM AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY (TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)

• BILBAO--LEADING INDUSTRIAL CITY

• BARCELONA--LEADING PORT

• UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AT 20%

SETTLING SPAIN

• MADRID-CAPITAL AND LARGEST CITY• CONSIDERED THE CENTRAL AREA OR “HUB”

OF SPAIN

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSMI5cQy7RM&feature=fvwrel

• POPULATION OF CITY OVER 3 MILLION– HEAVY TRAFFIC AND AIR POLLUTION

CULTURAL DIVERGENCE

• DIFFERENT GROUPS IN SPAIN TRY TO KEEP THEIR OWN IDENTITY

• MOST DIVERGENT PEOPLE ARE THE BASQUE OF NORTHERN SPAIN– OWN LANGUAGE– SEEK TO BE AN INDEPENDENT STATE

TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kI-HqszRq0g&NR=1

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_fcYvE9lj0&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wu_SORjrUa4&feature=PlayList&p=42FF8522D0981FF0&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1

PORTUGAL• SMALL IN COMPARISON TO SPAIN

– SIZE OF STATE OF INDIANA

• NORTHEAST IS MOUNTAINOUS• AVERAGE 20 INCHES OF RAIN A YEAR• AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY

– WHEAT, CORN, BARLEY GROW IN FLAT LANDS

– OLIVE OIL FROM THE SOUTH– WINE FROM NORTH– CORK AND CORK PRODUCTS

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PORTUGESE HISTORY

• FREED FROM MOORS IN 1143• CAPITAL CITY OF LISBON BECAME

LEADING TRADE CENTER OF EUROPE• 1400’S EXPLORED AND COLONIZED

AFRICA. (DAGAMA AND DIAS)• CLAIMED CONTROL OF BRAZIL IN 1480’S• PORTUGAL LOST COLONIES IN 1800’S• MILLIONS OF AFRICANS HAVE

IMMIGRATED TO PORTUGAL• PORTUGAL JOINED THE E.U. IN 1986

PORTUGAL’S FUTURE

• ECONOMY SHIFTING TOWARD INDUSTRY– CORK, TEXTILES, SHOES, CLOTHING

• LITERACY RATE OF 87%

• INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION A GROWING PROBLEM

SECTION 2 ITALY• NICKNAMED THE “BOOT”• INCLUDES THE ISLAND OF SICILY• APENNINE MOUNTAINS STRETCH THE

LENGTH OF ITALY• GREAT DEAL OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=QEv3wzHAAj8• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=SDoSWAQXYqk

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THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF ITALY

• ALPS MTS. ARE NORTHERN BORDER-CREATE A MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE.

• DEFORESTATION AND SOIL EROSION

• 1960--33% WORKED ON FARMS

• 2005-10% WORK ON FARMS

MIGRATION AND ECONOMICS OF ITALY

• POPULATION OF 58 MILLION– OVERCROWDING

• HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTHERN ITALY– LACK OF FARMLAND.

• MANY PEOPLE MOVED TO NORTHERN ITALY FOR JOBS IN INDUSTRY

• GROWING INDUSTRY OF ITALY– AUTOMOBILES, APPLIANCES, METAL GOODS

• ITALY LEADS WORLD IN FASHION AND HOME DESIGNS

REGIONS OF ITALY-NORTHERN ITALY

• 1. NORTHERN ITALY-(EUROPEAN ITALY)

• PO RIVER VALLEY– CHIEF AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL

AREA.

• SKI RESORTS OF THE ALPS

• LOCATION OF VENICE– TOURIST ATTRACTION– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG2bl-zxL4M

REGIONS OF ITALY-CENTRAL ITALY

• BIRTHPLACE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE• CAPITAL CITY OF ROME

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjgIl5ZFeXs&feature=related

• LOCATION OF VATICAN CITY– CENTER OF CATHOLIC CHURCH & POPE

• THIS IS WHERE THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN--INCREASE IN ART & LEARNING IN THE 1300’S

REGIONS OF ITALY-SOUTHERN ITALY

• NICKNAMED THE MEZZOGIORNO

• INCLUDES ISLANDS OF SICILY AND SARDINIA

• LIMITED AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY

• MANY PEOPLE HAVE LEFT FOR THE NORTH (JOBS)

• NAPLES--LARGEST CITY OF THE REGION.

SECTION 3 GREECE

• GREECE--BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY

• MEMBER OF E.U. AND NATO

• INCLUDES 2000 SMALL ISLANDS

• MEETING PLACE OF TECTONIC PLATES

• FORMS GRABENS--FLOODED AREAS OF LAND THAT DROP BETWEEN FAULTS– GRABENS FORMED AEGEAN SEA AND

GULF OF CORINTH

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QUICK FACTS ABOUT GREECE

Capital:AthensPopulation: 10.9 millionPopulation density (per sq km): 80Area: 131.957 sq Language: GreekMajor religion: Orthodox ChristianCurrency: Euro

ATHENS AND ECONOMICS

• CAPITAL LOCATED IN “STERA HELLAS”

• POPULATION OVER 3 MILLION

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30Ou_QaxXAs&feature=related

• PIRAEUS-LARGEST PORT OF GREECE

• FISHING, TOURISM, AND AGRICULTURE LEAD THE ECONOMY.– OLIVES, CITRUS FRUITS, FIGS, WHEAT

HISTORY OF GREECE• ISLAND OF CRETE--GREEK CIVILIZATION

BEGINS 3500 YEARS AGO. • MINOAN CIVILIZATION MYSTERIOUSLY

DISAPPEARS !• BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY(ATHENS)• GREAT WARS OF GREECE:

– WAR WITH TROY • ILIAD AND THE ODYSSEY-STORY OF THE TROJAN WAR

AND THE EXPLOITS OF ULYSSES AND ACHILLES

– WAR WITH PERSIA• THE 300 (SPARTANS AGAINST PERSIA)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Sj810hUDVUQ&feature=related

GREEK MYTHOLOGY• GREEKS WORSHIPPED MULTIPLE

GODS WHO ACCORDING TO LEGEND LIVED ON MT. OLYMPUS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP_NeirFIkM

GREEK HISTORY

• CONQUERED BY ROMANS 200 B.C.

• TAKEN OVER BY TURKS IN 1453

• BECAME AN INDEPENDENT NATION IN 1829