Chapter 2 - MatterSection 1: Classifying Matter

Learning Targets:

• I can describe what matter is.• I can classify matter based on its

composition.

What is matter?

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

• What are some examples of items that are not matter?

• Light• Sound• Heat

Classification of Matter

If you had to classify matter into two categories, what would they

be?

Pure SubstancesAnd

Mixtures

Classification of Matter• Pure Substance• Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties.

Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions.

When is water not considered a pure substance?

Pure Substances

• Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories:

• compounds

• elements

Pure Substances• Elements• Substances made up of only one type of atom.

- Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process.

Examples:Carbon - CHelium - HeGold - Au

Pure Substances• Compound• Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Examples:Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Sucrose (C12H22O11)

Pure Substances

• Compounds have only 1 set of properties. They cannot be separated by any physical process.- Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.

Water can be separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis.

Mixtures• Mixture• Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each

substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.

Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.

Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point.

Mixtures

Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physical means.How could we separate the copper and zinc back out?

Mixtures

If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?

What are the two types of mixtures?

• Heterogeneous• Homogeneous

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous mixture•Uneven distribution of substances.

- You can see the different parts.

Examples: SandGraniteWoodMilkBlood

MixturesHomogeneous Mixture •Components are evenly mixed.

Salt water contains salt and water, but are mixed all the way to the atomic level

• Cannot see the parts.

, but it can still be separated by physical means. Seawater distillation plant

What are the types of Heterogeneous Mixtures?

• Suspensions• Colloids

Heterogeneous MixturesSuspensions

•Suspension: a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas

– Natural orange juice contains particles of pulp.

•Particles in a suspension are large and settle out.•Particles in a suspension may settle over time.•Particles in a suspension may be filtered out.

Suspension

Heterogeneous MixtureColloids

0

20

40

60

80

100

1st

Qtr

2nd

Qtr

3rd

Qtr

4th

Qtr

East

West

North

Colloids are mixtures

whose particles are

larger than the size of

a molecule but smaller

than particles that can

be seen with the

naked eye.

ColloidsIn a colloid the

particles are mixed

together but not

dissolved.

The particles are

relatively large and

are kept permanently

suspended.

• Colloids are common in

everyday life.

• Some examples include

whipped cream,

mayonnaise, milk, butter,

gelatin, jelly, muddy

water, plaster, colored

glass, and paper

Homogeneous Mixtures• Homogeneous mixtures are solutions.• solution: a homogeneous mixture

throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

• solute: in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

• solvent: in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

Homogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixtures• Miscible liquids mix to form solutions.

– Water and vinegar

• Immiscible liquids do not mix to form solutions.– Oil and water

MatterAnything that has mass and takes

up space

Matter

Mixture Pure Substance

ElementCompoundHeterogeneous Mixture

Homogeneous Mixture

Can be separated physically

Cannot be separated physically

Can see the parts

Cannot see the parts

Can be separated chemically

Cannot be separated

Colloid Suspension Solution

Tyndall Effect Particles settle out

Solute/solvent

MatterFill-in the boxes with the appropriate label. Write key words next to each box to help you identify each category.

Student Worksheet