CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING - iccsafe.org 24 GLASS AND GLAZING SECTION 2401 GENERAL 2401.1 Scope. Provisions of this chapter shall govern the ... designating the type and thickness

CHAPTER 24

GLASS AND GLAZING

SECTION 2401GENERAL

2401.1 Scope. Provisions of this chapter shall govern thetypes, use, support, structural adequacy and safety provisionsfor glass in buildings and structures.

Exception: Buildings and structures located within theHigh Velocity Hurricane Zone shall comply with the pro-visions of 2410 through 2415.

SECTION 2402DEFINITIONS

For definitions, see Chapter 2.

SECTION 2403LABELING

2403.1 Labels. Each light shall bear the manufacturer's labeldesignating the type and thickness of glass. When approvedby the building official, labels may be omitted from otherthan tempered glazing materials, providing an affidavit isfurnished by the glazing contractor certifying that each lightis glazed in accordance with the approved plans and specifi-cations.

2403.2 Identification. Each unit of tempered glass shall bepermanently identified by the manufacturer. The identifica-tion shall be etched or ceramic fired on the glass and be vis-ible when the unit is glazed. Tempered spandrel glass isexempted from permanent labeling. This type of glass shallbe identified with a removable paper label by the manufac-turer.

SECTION 2404LOUVERED WINDOWS OR JALOUSIES

Regular float, wired or patterned glass in jalousies and lou-vered windows shall be no thinner than nominal 3/16 inch (5mm) and no longer than 48 inches (1219 mm). When otherglass types are used, design shall be submitted to the build-ing official for approval. Exposed glass edges shall besmooth. Wired glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edgesshall hot be used in jalousies or louvered windows.

SECTION 2405IMPACT, WIND, AND OTHER LOADS

2405.1 General. Individual glazed areas including glass mir-rors in hazardous locations such as those indicated in 2405.2shall pass the test requirements of CPSC 16-CFR, Part 1201or by comparative test shall be proven to produce at leastequivalent performances.

Exceptions:1. Polished wire glass installed in fire doors, fire win-

dows and view panels in fire resistant walls and haz-ardous locations in 2405.2.1(3) and 2405.2.1 (4)shall comply with ANSI Z97.1.

2. Approved plastic materials used as glazing in haz-ardous locations shall comply with ANSI Z97.1.

2405.2 Hazardous locations2405.2.1 The following shall be considered specific haz-ardous locations for the purposes of glazing:

1. Glazing in swinging doors and fixed and slidingpanels of sliding (patio) door assemblies.

2. Glazing in doors and walls of enclosures for hottubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs,showers and other such facilities where such glazingis located 36 inches (914 mm) or less, measuredhorizontally, from a standing or walking surfacewithin the enclosure and where the bottom edge ofthe exposed glazing is less than 60 inches (1524mm), measured vertically, above such standing orwalking surfaces.

3. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable paneladjacent to a door where the nearest vertical edge iswithin a 24-inch (610 mm) radius of the door in aclosed position and whose bottom edge is less than60 inches (1524 mm) above the floor or walkingsurface.

Exception: Glazing in walls perpendicular to theplane of the door in a closed position in GroupR3 or within dwelling units in Group R2 shall besubject to 2405.2.1(4).

4. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel,other than those locations described in items 2 and 3above, that meets all of the following conditions:4.1. Exposed area of an individual pane greater

than 9 sq ft (0.84 m2).4.2. Bottom edge less than 18 inches (457 mm)

above the floor.4.3. Top edge greater than 36 inches (914 mm)

above the floor.

FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING 24.1

2405.2.2 • 2405.3.2.3

4.4. One or more walking surfaces within 36 inch-es (914 mm) horizontally of the plane of theglazing.

5. All glazing in railings regardless of area or heightabove a walking surface including structural balus-ter panels and nonstructural in-fill panels.

6. Glazing in walls and fences enclosing indoor andoutdoor swimming pools and spas where the bottomexposed edge of the glazing is: (1) less than 60 inch-es (1525 mm) above the walking surface on the poolside of the glazing, and (2) the glazing is within 60inches (1525 mm) horizontally of the water's edgeof a swimming pool or spa. This shall apply to sin-gle glazing and all panes in multiple glazing.

2405.2.2 The following products, materials and uses areexempt from the above hazardous locations:

1. Openings in doors through which a 3-inch (76mm) sphere is unable to pass.

2. Decorative glass including, but not limited to,assemblies of leaded glass, faceted glass or itemsof carved glass used for decorative purposes inswinging doors and locations described in2405.2.1(3), or 2405.2.1(4).

3. Glazing materials used as curved glass panels inrevolving doors.

4. Commercial refrigerated cabinet glazed doors.5. Glass block panels where the minimum uniform

face thickness of the block is 0.25 inch (6.4 mm).6. Glazing in 2405.2.1(3) when there is an interven-

ing wall or other permanent barrier between thedoor and the glazing.

7. Glazing in 2405.2.1(4) when a protective bar isinstalled on the accessible sides of the glazing 36inches ± 2 inches (914 ± 51 mm) above the floor.The bar shall be capable of withstanding a hori-zontal load of 50 plf (730 N/m) without contactingthe glass and be a minimum of 11/2 inches (38 mm)in height.

8. Outboard panes in insulating glass units and othermultiple glazed panels in 2405.2.1(4) when the bot-tom edge of the glass is 25 ft (7620 mm) or moreabove grade, a roof, walking surface, or other hori-zontal or sloped (within 45 degrees (0.78 rad) of hor-izontal) surface adjacent to the glass exterior.

9. Louvered windows, and jalousie doors and jalousiewindows, complying with the requirements of2404.

10. Mirrors mounted on a solid wall or hung on a flushdoor or a panel door without a cutout for the glass.

2405.3 Wind, snow, and dead and impact loads2405.3.1 Vertical glass. All glass within 15 degrees (0.26rad) of vertical in windows, curtain walls, doors and otherexterior applications shall be chosen to resist the windloads for component and cladding. The allowable windload shall be determined in accordance with 2405.3.1.1and 2405.3.1.2.

2405.3.1.1 From Figure 2405.3 determine the maxi-mum allowable equivalent load for the glass dimen-sions and applicable glass thickness. For laminatedglass, the applicable glass thickness is the total glassthickness. For insulating glass units, it is the thicknessof one pane. See footnotes to Tables 2405.3A and2405.3B for other glass types.

2405.3.1.2 Multiply the value from 2405.3.1.1 by theappropriate factor from Table 2405.3A. This product isthe maximum allowable wind load for the glass. Theglass is in compliance if the maximum allowable windload is at least as great as the design wind load deter-mined from 1606.

2405.3.2 Sloped glazing. Glass sloped more than 15degrees (0.26 rad) from vertical in skylights, sunspaces,sloped roofs and other exterior applications shall be cho-sen to resist the applicable loads for components andcladding. The allowable combined load for the glass shallbe determined in accordance with 2405.3.2.1 through2405.3.2.3.

2405.3.2.1 The design loads shall be combined as fol-lows:

1. Negative wind load - dead load2. Positive wind load + dead load3. Dead load + V2 positive wind load

Wind loads shall be determined from 1606. The deadload for the glass in lb/sq ft shall be taken as the totalthickness of the glass panes and plies in inches x 13.This applies for glass 30 degrees or less from horizon-tal. For other slopes the glass dead load is equal to thisvalue times the cosine of its slope from horizontal.

2405.3.2.2 From Figure 2405.3 determine the maxi-mum allowable equivalent load for the glass dimen-sions and applicable glass thickness. For laminatedglass, the applicable glass thickness is the total glassthickness. For insulating glass, it is the thickness of onepane. See footnotes to Tables 2405.3A and 2405.3B forother glass types.

2405.3.2.3 If the largest combined load from2405.3.2.1 is either number 1 or 2, multiply the valuefrom 2405.3.2.2 by the appropriate factor from Table2405.3A. If the largest combined load is number 3,multiply the value from 2405.3.2.2 by the applicablefactor from Table 2405.3B. This product is the maxi-mum allowable equivalent load for the glass. The glassis in compliance if the maximum allowable equivalentload is at least as great as the largest of the three com-bined loads listed in 2405.3.2.1.

24.2 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE — BUILDING

TABLE 2405.3A - TABLE 2405.36

TABLE 2405.3A FACTORS FOR VERTICAL AND SLOPED GLASS1

Notes to lhbles 24053A and 24053B: 1. Either Table 2405.3A or 2405.3B may be appropriate for sloped glass

depending on whether the snow or wind load is dominant. See Section 2405.3.2. For glass types (vertical or sloped) not included in the tables, refer to ASTM E 1300 for guidance.

2. Values apply for insulating glass with identical panes. 3. The value for patterned glass is based on the thinnest part of the pat-

tern; interpolation between graphs in Figure 2405.3 is permitted. 4. The value for sandblasted glass is for moderate levels of sandblast-

ing; for very deep or severe sandblasting the value may be lower. 5. Values for laminated glass are based on the total thickness of the

glass and apply for glass with two equal glass ply thicknesses. 6. The lower value applies if, for any laminated glass pane, either the

ratio of the long to short dimension is greater than 2.0 or the lesser dimension divided by the thickness of the pane is 150 or less; the higher value applies in all other cases.

GLASS TYPE

Single Glass Annealed Heat-strengthened Fully tempered Wired Patterned3 Sandblasted4 Laminated, annealed plies5 Laminated-heat strengthened plies5 Laminated, fully tempered plies5

Insulating Glass2 Annealed Heat -strengthened Fully tempered Laminated, annealed plies5 Laminated, heat-strengthened plies5 Laminated, fully tempered plies5

TABLE 2405.38 FACTORS FOR SLOPED GLASS1

FACTOR FOR USE WITH FIGURE 2405.3

1 .O 2.0 4.0 0.5 1 .O 0.5 0.75/0.906 1.511.86 3.013.66

1.8 3.6 7.2 1.41.66 2.713.26 5.46.56

Notes to Tables 2405.3A and 24053B: 1. Either Table 2405.3A or 2405.3B may be appropriate for sloped glass

depending on whether the snow or wind load is dominant. See Section 2405.3.2. For glass types (vertical or sloped) not included in the tables, refer to ASTM E 1300 for guidance.

2. Values apply for insulating glass with identical panes. 3. The value for patterned glass is based on the thinnest part of the pat-

tern; interpolation between graphs in Figure 2405.3 is permitted. 4. The value for sandblasted glass is for moderate levels of sandblast-

ing; for very deep or severe sandblasting the value may be lower. 5. Values for laminated glass are based on the total thickness of the

glass and apply for glass with two equal glass ply thicknesses. 6. The lower value applies if, for any laminated glass pane, either the

ratio of the long to short dimension is greater than 2.0 or the lesser dimension divided by the thickness of the pane is 150 or less; the higher value applies in all other cases.

GLASS TYPE

Single Glass Annealed Heat-strengthened Fully tempered Wired Patterned3 Laminated, annealed plies5 Laminated-heat strengthened plies5 Laminated, fully tempered plies5

Insulating Glass2 Annealed Heat -strengthened Fully tempered Laminated, annealed plies5 Laminated, heat-strengthened plies5 Laminated, fully tempered plies5

FLORIDA BUILDING CODE - BUILDING

FACTOR FOR USE WITH FIGURE 2405.3

0.6 1.6 3.6 0.3 0.6 0.310.456 0.8A.26 1.812.76

1.1 2.9 6.5 0.540.816 1.42.26 3.314.96

PLATE LENGTH (INCHES)

Figure 2405.3 Allowable Equivalent Loads for Vertical and Sloped Annealed Glass

Rectangular Glass Supported on All Edges


Figure 2405.3 (continued) Allowable Equivalent Loads for Vertical and Sloped Annealed Glass

Rectangular Glass Supported on All edges

11111111111111111111l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l1 l l l l l l l l1 l l l l l l l l l l l1 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l1 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l1 l l l l l l l l l11l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

FIGURE 2405.3 (continued)

24.6 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE - BUILDING

60 SEC DURATION EQUIVALENT DESIGN LOAD (PSF)

0 50 100 1 50


Figure 2405.3 (continmi.) Allowable Equivalent Loads for Vertical and Sloped Annealed Glass


llllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllll




60 SEC DURATION EQUIVALENT DESIGN LOAD (PSF)
















PMTE LENGTH (INCHES)



Notes to Figure 2405.3: 1. In each graph, the vertical axis is the lesser dimension; the horizontal axis is the greater dimension. 2. The diagonal numbered line on each graph shows the equivalent design load in psf. 3. The dashed lines indicate glass that may have excessive deflection. Check with the glass supplier regarding glass in this area of the curve. 4. Interpolation between lines is permitted. Extrapolation is not allowed.

2405.4 Glazing replacement. The installation or replacement of glass shall be as required for new installations.

2405.5 Railings 2405.5.1 Glass used as structural baluster panels shall be one of the following types:

1. Single, fully tempered glass 2. Laminated, fully tempered glass 3. Laminated, heat-strengthened glass

2405.5.1.1 The panels and their support system shall be designed to withstand the loads specified in 1608.2.1 and 1608.2.2. A safety factor of 4 shall be used. The glass shall meet provisions of 2405.5.4.

2405.5.1.2 Each handrail or guardrail section shall be supported by a minimum of three glass balusters or be otherwise supported so that it remains in place should one baluster panel fail.

2405.5.1.3 Glass balusters shall not be installed without a handrail or guardrail attached.

2405.5.2 Glass in in-fill panels shall be an approved safety glazing material meeting the provisions of 2405.5.4. For all glass types, the minimum nominal thickness shall be 114 inch (6.4 mm).

2405.5.3 Glazing materials shall not be installed in railings in parking garages except for pedestrian areas not exposed to impact from vehicles.

2405.5.4 Fully tempered glass and laminated glass shall comply with Federal Law (CPSC) 16 CFR 1201, Category 11. Wired glass shall comply with ANSI 297.1.

SECTION 2406 GLASS SUPPORTS

2406.1 Deflection. Glass supports such as sash members, glazing stops or glazing clips shall be considered firm when deflection of the support at design load does not exceed '1175

of the span.

2406.2 Special cases. Where other than firm support on all sides is provided, (three sides, two sides, cantilever, or high- ly flexible, for example), detailed shop drawings, specifications and rational analysis and/or test data assuring safe performance for the specific installation shall be prepared by engineers experienced in this work and shall be submitted for and receive, if warranted, formal approval by the building official. *

SECTION 2407 SLOPED GLAZING

2407.1 Scope. Sloped glazing includes any installation of glass or other transparent, translucent or opaque glazing material installed at a slope of 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or more

from the vertical plane. Glazing materials in skylights, roofs and sloped walls are included within this definition.

2407.2 Allowable glazing materials 2407.2.1 Sloped glazing shall be any of the following materials, subject to the limitations specified in 2407.3 and the exceptions specified in 2407.4.

1. For monolithic glazing systems, the glazing material of the single light or layer shall be laminated glass with a minimum 30 mil (0.76 mm) polyvinyl butyral (or equivalent) interlayer, wired glass, approved plastic materials meeting the requirements of Chapter 26, heat-strengthened glass or fully tempered glass.

2. For multiple layer glazing systems, each light or layer shall consist of any of the glazing materials specified in (1) above.

2407.2.2 See 2604.6 for additional requirements for plastic skylights.

2407.3 Limitations. Heat-strengthened glass and fully tempered glass when used in monolithic glazing systems shall have screens installed below the glazing material, subject to exceptions in 2407.4, to protect building occupants from falling glass should breakage occur. The screens shall be capable of supporting the weight of the glass and shall be substantially supported below and installed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the glass. They shall be constructed of a noncombustible material not thinner than 0.0808 inch (2 mm) diameter with a mesh not larger than 1 by 1 inch (25.4x25.4 mm). In a corrosive atmosphere, structurally equivalent non- corrosive screening materials shall be used. Heat-strengthened glass, fully tempered glass, and wired glass when used in multiple layer glazing systems as the bottom glass layer over the walking surface shall be equipped with screening meeting the requirements specified for monolithic glazing systems.

2407.4 Exceptions. In monolithic and multiple layer sloped glazing systems, the following exceptions apply:

1. Fully tempered glass may be installed without required protective screens when glazing between intervening floors at a slope of 30 degrees (0.52 rad) or less from the vertical plane if the highest point of the glass is 10 ft (3 m) or less above the walking surface.

2. Any glazing material, including annealed glass, may be installed without required screens if the walking surface or any other accessible area below the glazing material is permanently protected from the risk of falling glass.

3. Any glazing material, including annealed glass, may be installed without screens in the sloped glazing systems of greenhouses used exclusively for growing plants, not used as a habitable space, and not accessible to the pub- lic, provided the height of the greenhouse at the ridge does not exceed 20 ft (6 m) above grade.

4. Screens shall not be required within dwelling units of Group R2, R3 or R4 occupancy when fully tempered - glass is used as single glazing or the bottom pane in an P

24.16 FLORIDA BUILDING CODE - BUILDING

2407.5 - 2409.4

insulating-glass unit and the following conditions areall met:

1. Glass area 16 sq ft (1.5 m2) or less.2. Highest point of glass 12 ft (3.6 m) or less above

a walking surface or other accessible area.3. Glass thickness 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) or less.

5. Screens shall not be required for laminated glass with a0.015 inch (0.38 mm) polyvinyl butyral, or equivalent,interlayer within dwelling units of Group R2, R3 or R4occupancy within the following limits:

1. Each pane of glass shall be 16 sq ft (1.5 m2) orless in area, and

2. The highest point of the glass shall not exceed 12ft (3.6 m) above a walking surface or other acces-sible area.

2407.5 Sloped glazing framing. In other than Types III, Vand VI construction, all sloped glazing and skylight framesshall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Infoundries or buildings where acid fumes deleterious to metalare incidental to the use of the buildings, approved preserva-tive-treated woods or other approved corrosion-resistantmaterials shall be permitted for sash and frames. All slopedglazing and skylights shall be designed for the tributary roofloads in 1604.6. All skylights set at an angle of less than 45degrees (0.79 rad) from the horizontal plane shall be mount-ed at least 4 inches (102 mm) above the plane of the roof ona curb construction as required for the frame. Sloped glazingmay be installed in the plane of the roof where the roof pitchis greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from horizontal.

Exception: Curbs for skylights may be omitted on roofswith a minimum slope of 3:12 in one- and two-familydwellings.

SECTION 2408GLAZING IN ENCLOSURES FOR

ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES

2408.1 Hazardous locations. Glazing in walls or doors ofenclosures used for athletic activities, where the glass is sub-ject to human impact, shall be considered hazardous loca-tions for the purposes of glazing and shall comply with2408.2.

2408.2 Testing. Test methods and loads for individuallyglazed areas such as those described in 2408.1 shall conformto those of CPSC 16 CFR Part 1201, with impacts beingapplied at a height from ground level of 59 inches (1499 mm)to an actual or simulated glass wall installation with fixtures,fittings and methods of assembly identical to those used inpractice.

In order to be deemed acceptable, the following conditionsshall be achieved for glass walls:

1. Any glass wall in an enclosure used for athletic pur-poses as indicated in 2408.1 shall remain intact follow-ing a test impact.

2. The deflection of such walls shall not be greater thanl1/2 inches (38 mm) at the point of impact.


In order to be deemed acceptable, the following conditionsshall be achieved for glass doors:

1. Glass doors shall remain intact following a test impactat the prescribed height in the center of the door.

2. The relative deflection between the edge of a glass doorand the adjacent wall shall not exceed the followingvalues for the impact test bag-drop heights:

1. The thickness of the wall plus 1/8 inch (3 mm) fora drop height of 24 inches (610 mm).

2. The thickness of the wall plus 1/4 inch (6 mm) fora drop height of 36 inches (914 mm).

3. The thickness of the wall plus 1/2 inch (13 mm)for a drop height of 48 inches (1219 mm).

SECTION 2409GLASS IN FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS

2409.1 General. Glass installed in the walking surface offloors, landings, stairwells and similar locations shall complywith 2409.2 through 2409.4.

2409.2 Design load. The design for glass used in floors,landings, stair treads and similar locations shall be deter-mined as indicated in 2409.4 based on the load that producesthe greatest stresses from the following:

1. The uniformly distributed unit load (Fu), from 1604; or2. The concentrated load (Fc) from 1604; or3. The actual load (Fa) produced by the intended use.

The dead load (D) for glass in lb/sq ft shall be taken as thetotal thickness of the glass plies in inches x 13. Load reduc-tions allowed by 1604.2 are not permitted.

2409.3 Laminated glass. Laminated glass having a mini-mum of two plies shall be used. The glass shall be capable ofsupporting the total load, as indicated within 2409.4, withany one ply broken.

2409.4 Design formula. The design of the glass shall bedetermined in accordance with the following:

2 Fu + D Ffa x c2 x 0.67

and

(8 Fc/A) + D Ffa x c2 x 0.67

and

Fa + D Ffa x c2 x 0.67

Where:Fa = actual intended use load (psf)Fu = uniformly distributed load (psf)D = glass dead load (psf) = 13 tg

tg = total glass thickness (inches)Fc = concentrated load (pounds)c2 = factor determined from Table 2405.3B based

on glass type

2410-2411.2.1.4

Ffa = maximum allowable load on glass, determinedfrom Figure 2405.3 for the applicable glassdimensions and thickness (psf)

A = area of rectangular glass (square feet)Notes:

1. The factor c2, in the equations in 2409.4 for laminated glass found inTable 2405.3B, applies to two-ply laminates only.

2. The value of Fa, within the equation in 2409.4, shall be doubled fordynamic applications.

SECTION 2410HIGH VELOCITY HURRICANE ZONES

GENERAL

2410.1 Exterior wall cladding, surfacing and glazing, whereprovided, shall be as set forth in 2410 through 2415.

2410.2 Exterior wall cladding, surfacing and glazing shall bedesigned and constructed to sufficiently resist the full pres-surization from the wind loads prescribed in Chapter 16(High Velocity Hurricane Zones) and the concentrated loadsthat result from hurricane-generated wind-borne debris.

1. Exterior wall cladding, surfacing and glazing, withinthe lowest 30 feet (9.1 m) of the exterior building wallsshall be of sufficient strength to resist large missileimpacts as outlined in Chapter 16 (High VelocityHurricane Zones).

2. Exterior wall cladding, surfacing and glazing locatedabove the lowest 30 feet of the exterior building wallsshall be of sufficient strength to resist small missileimpacts as outlined in Chapter 16 (High VelocityHurricane Zones).

Exception. Exterior wall cladding, surfacing and glaz-ing when protected by fixed, operable or portable shut-ters or screens which have Product Approval to resistfull pressurization from wind loads as well as large andsmall missile impacts as outlined in the High VelocityHurricane provisions of Chapter 16, without deformingto the point where the substrate being protected is com-promised.

2410.3 Workmanship. Cladding and glazing shall be in con-formance with the tolerances, quality and methods of construc-tion as set forth in the standards referenced in this Chapter 35.

2410.4 All exterior wall cladding, surfacing, garage doors,skylights, operative and inoperative windows shall haveProduct Approval.


WINDOWS, DOORS, GLASS AND GLAZING

2411.1 General.2411.1.1 Windows, doors, glass and glazing shall be as setforth in this section.

2411.1.2 Glass shall comply with ASTM C 1036 require-ments for flat glass Type I and II and GSA DD-G-451cStandard for Glass, Flat and Corrugated, for GlazingMirrors and Other Uses.

2411.1.3 Tempered glass shall comply with 16 CFR 1201.

2411.1.4 Transparent and obscure safety glazing shallconform to the Performance Specifications and Methodsof Test for Transparent Safety Glazing Materials Used inBuildings, ANSI Z97.1.

2411.1.5 Heat-strengthened and ceramic-coated spandrelglass shall comply with ASTM C1048.

2411.1.6 Wired glass shall comply with ANSI Z97.I andshall only be used in fire doors and in glazed panels wheresafety glazing is not required.

2411.1.7 Installed glass shall not be less than SingleStrength B quality unless otherwise approved by thebuilding official, and where edges are exposed they shallbe seamed or ground.

2411.1.8 Where a light of glass is of such height abovegrade that the top 50 percent or more is in a zone ofgreater wind load, the area of the entire light shall be lim-ited as for the greater height above grade.

2411.1.9 Replacement of any glazing or part thereof shallbe designed and constructed in accordance with Chapter 34Existing Buildings Provisions for High Velocity HurricaneZones.

2411.1.10 Replacement of glazing of more than one lightor more than 30 percent of the total area glazed shall con-form to the requirements of the section.

2411.1.11 Fixed glazing used as an exterior componentshall require product approval. Rational analysis by aFlorida-registered Engineer or Architect may be acceptedwhen the actual pressure and geometry conditions differfrom the conditions shown in the approval.

2411.2 Fixed glass in exterior walls.2411.2.1 Limits of size of glass.

2411.2.1.1 The minimum thickness of annealed floatglazing materials used in exterior walls shall be deter-mined and shall not be less than as set forth in Figure2405.3. This figure applies for width-to-length ratiosfrom 1:5 to 1:1.

2411.2.1.2 For glazing materials other than annealedfloat the design wind load used with Figure 2405.3shall first be divided by the applicable glazing materi-al resistance factor set forth in Table 2405.3A.

2411.2.1.3 Corrugated glass and other special glassshall be limited to spans determined by analysis andtest to resist the loads set forth in Chapter 16 (HighWind Zones) based on fiber stresses not exceeding 4000psi (27.58 MPa).

2411.2.1.4 Glass block shall have product approval.


2411.3-2411.3.2.5

2411.3 Doors and operative windows in exterior walls.2411.3.1 Design and approval.

2411.3.1.1 The design and approval of sliding doors,swinging doors and operative windows in exteriorwalls, including the supporting members shall be basedon the proposed use-height above grade in accordancewith Chapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones).

2411.3.1.2 Maximum glass sizes shall comply withFigure 2405.3.

2411.3.1.3 Glazing in sliding and in swinging doorsshall be safety-glazing complying with 16 CFR 1201,Safety Standard for Architectural glazing Materials,Consumer Product Safety Commission, and asdescribed in 2411.3.1.3.1 through 2411.3.1.3.5.

2411.3.1.3.1 Doors containing glazing material notgreater than 9 square feet in surface area shall beclassified as Category I glazing products.

2411.3.1.3.2 Doors, bath and shower enclosures,and sliding glass doors containing glazing materialgreater than 9 sq ft (0.84 m2) in surface area shall beclassified as Category II glazing products.

2411.3.1.3.3 Category I glazing products shall becapable of withstanding a 150 ft-lb (102 Nm)impact test.

2411.3.1.3.4 Category II glazing products shall becapable of withstanding a 400 ft-lb (542 Nm)impact test.

2411.3.1.3.5 Doors shall be designed to be readilyoperative without contact with the glass.

2411.3.1.4 The Architect or Professional Engineer ofRecord shall be required to specify the design windpressure, determined in accordance with Chapter 16(High Velocity Hurricane Zones), for all garage doors,skylights operative windows and fixed glazing. Thedesign wind pressure for each component of the exteri-or building surface, shall be incorporated into thebuilding design drawing so as to allow the respectivemanufacturer to size the prefabricated assembly for theproper wind pressures.

2411.3.1.5 Exterior garage doors shall be designed andconstructed to actively or passively lock in the closedposition when subjected to a uniform lateral pressure inexcess of 50 percent of the design wind pressure as pre-scribed in Chapter 16 (High Velocity HurricaneZones).

2411.3.1.6 The Architect or Professional Engineer ofRecord shall be required to detail on the drawings sub-mitted for permit, rough opening dimensions, support-ing framework, method of attachment and waterproof-ing procedures for all garage doors, passage doors, sky-lights, operative and inoperative windows in exteriorwalls. Said framework and method of attachment shallbe designed and constructed so as to sufficiently resistthe design wind pressures as outlined in Chapter 16(High Velocity Hurricane Zones).

Exception. When detailed engineered shop draw-ings, along with the notices of product approval,produced by the manufacturer's specialty engineerand approved by the Architect or ProfessionalEngineer of Record, are admitted at the time of per-mit application, which completely identifies roughopenings, supporting framework, method of attach-ment and waterproofing procedures are preparedand bear the signature and seal of a ProfessionalEngineer.

2411.3.2 Tests.2411.3.2.1 Operative window and door assembliesshall be tested in accordance with the requirements ofthis section, ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97,and the forced entry prevention requirements of theArchitectural Aluminum Manufacturers Association(AAMA) Standards 1302.5 and 1303.5

Exception: Door assemblies installed in non-habit-able areas where the door assembly and area aredesigned to accept water infiltration, need not betested for water infiltration.

2411.3.2.2 Such assemblies with permanent muntinbars shall be tested with muntin bars in place.

2411.3.2.3 Such assemblies shall be installed in accor-dance with the conditions of test and approval.

2411.3.2.4 Test loads for inward and outward pressuresshall be equal to the velocity pressures for the appro-priate height in accordance with Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones) as further modified by a fac-tor of 1.5.

2411.3.2.5 Comparative analysis of operative windowsand glazed doors may be made provided the proposedunit complies with the following:

1. Shall always be compared with a tested and cur-rently approved unit.

2. Varies only in width, height and/or load require-ments.

3. Shall not exceed 100 percent of the proportionaldeflection for fiber stress of the intermediatemembers of the approved unit.


2411.3.3-2411.5.1

4. Shall conform as to extruded members, rein-forcement and in all other ways with the testedapproved unit.

5. Shall not exceed 100 percent of the concentratedload at the juncture of the intermediate membersand the frame of the approved unit.

6. Shall not permit more air and water infiltration thanthe approved unit based on the height above grade.

7. Pass-through windows for serving from a single-family kitchen, where protected by a roof over-hang of 5 feet (1.5 m) or more shall be exemptedfrom the requirements of the water infiltration test.

2411.3.3 Construction details. Construction details forfixed glass shall comply with the requirements of this para-graph except that structural glazing as defined in 202 neednot comply with this section, but shall comply with 2415.

2411.3.3.1 Each light of fixed glass more than 3 feet(914 mm) in width shall have 2 approved setting blocksor approved suspension clamps. Setting blocks shall beNeoprene 70-90 Shore A durometer hardness orapproved equal.

2411.3.3.2 Fixed glass lights shall be set in corrosion-resistant metal frames and shall comply with applicablerequirements of Chapter 16 (High Velocity HurricaneZones) for wind loads, allowable stresses and loadtests. Fixed glass lights may be set in wood, metal orconcrete frames as permitted for the types of construc-tion by Chapters 3 through 4.

2411.3.3.3 Wood shall have been preservative treatedor shall be of a durable species as defined in 2326.2.

2411.3.3.4 Attachment shall be as set forth in Chapter16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones) and shall be cor-rosion-resistant.

2411.3.3.5 Glass in fixed lights shall be securely andcontinuously supported at the perimeter of each sheetunless the design is based on one or more unsupportededges. Supporting members such as division bars andmullions shall be designed by rational analysis to sup-port the wind pressures set forth in Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones). Supporting bars shall beattached at the ends to resist the loads set forth inChapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones).

2411.3.3.6 The depth of the glazing rabbet and depth ofengagement in the rabbet, for fixed glass, shall be based onconsideration of the dimensional reduction from deflectionand the dimensional changes caused by temperature.

2411.4 Glazed panel safeguards. Glazed panels shall beprotected in accordance with this section.

2411.4.1 Where there is a drop of 4 feet (1219 mm) ormore on the far side of fixed glazed panel 24 inches (610mm) or more in width, the bottom of which is less than 36inches (914 mm) above the near side walking surface,safeguards as set forth in 1617.4 shall be provided.

2411.4.2 Where there is a drop of less than 4 feet (1219mm) on opposite sides of an operable or non-operableglazed panel 24 inches (610 mm) or more in width and 9square feet (0.84 m2) or more in area, one of the follow-ing safeguards shall be provides where persons mightwalk into or through such glazing:

1. Safety glazing conforming to federal standard 16CFR 1201.

2. An opaque bulkhead not less than 18 inches (457mm) higher than the upper level.

3. A single horizontal bar of handrail strength require-ments not less than l1/2 inches (38 mm) in width mea-sured parallel to the plane of the glazing and locatedbetween 24 inches and 36 inches (610 and 914 mm)above the upper level.

4. A planter with plantings not less than 18 inches(457 mm) higher than the upper level.

2411.4.3 Glazed panels located adjacent to, or in doors, shallbe of safety glazing, in accordance with the following:

1. All glazed panels through which a 3 inch (76 mm)diameter sphere is able to pass.

2. In all Occupancies, any glazing material adjacent todoor within 48 inches (1219 mm) of the door in theclosed position and below the top of the door.

Exceptions:1 Wired glass in fire doors.2. Leaded glass of 30 square inches (194 cm2) or

less.3. Curved glass in revolving doors.4. Commercial refrigerated cabinet doors.5. A solar screen may serve as a safeguard where

such screen complies with strength require-ments of railings.

2411.5 Operable window safeguards. Operable windowsshall be protected in accordance with this section.

2411.5.1 Where there is a drop of more than 4 feet (1219mm) on the far side of such windows and the sill is lessthan 36 inch (914 mm) above the near side walking sur-face, safeguards shall be provided to prevent the fall ofpersons when such windows are open as set forth in1617.4.

Exceptions:1. Where the vent openings are 12 inches (305 mm) or

less in least dimension and are restricted in operationto reject objects as required for safeguard in 1617.4.


2411.5.2-2411.8.3

2. Slats or grillwork constructed to comply withStandard OSHA-1910, set forth in 1617.4 of thiscode, or other construction approved by the buildingofficial, may be provided in lieu of other safeguards.

3. Where the near side of such windows is less than 4inches (102 mm) above the floor and falling objectscould present a hazard, toeboards shall be providedas required by 29 CFR 1910.

4. Alternate approved designs.

2411.5.2 Where the drop from such windows is less than4 feet (1219 mm) or where such windows are adjacent toa door, the glazing shall comply with the 2411.4.2 and2411.4.3.

2411.6 Interior locations.2411.6.1 Swinging or sliding doors of glass without a con-tinuous frame shall be of only fully tempered glass notless than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in thickness.

2411.6.2 Safeguards. The glazing in sliding and swing-ing doors and in shower to tub enclosures, including anyglazing within 60 inches (1.5 m) of the finished floor sur-face in walls surrounding any tub or shower enclosure,shall be safety glazing as set forth in 2411.3.1.3 forCategory II glazing products.

2411.6.3 Glass or mirrors immediately surrounding abathtub or shower enclosure shall be safety glazing wherethe glass or mirrors are less than 60 inches (1.5 m) abovethe floor of the tub or the shower.

2411.6.4 The glazing in fixed panels adjacent to paths ofegress shall comply with 2411.4.3.

2411.6.5 Glass shall not be solid painted or otherwise con-cealed where such painted glass may be mistaken for otherconstruction materials.

2411.6.6 Glass mirrors of more than 9 square feet (0.84 m2)in area that are used as surface finish material on walls in pub-lic spaces shall be directly secured to supports and shall not behung.

2411.7 Safety glazing.2411.7.1 Safety glazing, where required, shall be as setforth in this section.

2411.7.2 Safety-glazing shall comply with the standardset forth in 2411.1.4 for transparent and obscure safety-glazing materials, and plastic glazing shall in additioncomply with the specifications of 2411.7.3.

2411.7.3 Plastics, with or without reinforcing or acrylicmodifiers shall comply with 2605, and consideration ofdimension reduction caused by deflection and/or dimen-

sional instability of the materials shall be given in thedetermination of the depth of the glazing rabbet andengagement of the plastic in the rabbet. Plastics shall belimited to spans determined by analysis and test to resistthe loads set forth in Chapter 16 (High Velocity HurricaneZones).

2411.7.4 Glass louvered doors need not be safety-glazed.

2411.8 Sloped glazing.2411.8.1 Sloped glazing includes any installation of glassor other transparent, translucent or opaque glazing mater-ial installed at a slope of 15 degrees (0.26 rad) or morefrom the vertical plane. Glazing materials in skylights,roofs and sloped walls are included with this definition.

2411.8.2 Allowable glazing materials. Sloped glazingshall be any of the following materials subject to the lim-itations specified in 2411.8.3.

2411.8.2.1 For monolithic glazing systems, the glazingmaterial of the single light or layer shall be laminatedwith a minimum 30 mil polyvinyl butyryl (or equiva-lent) interlayer, wire glass, approved plastic materialmeeting the requirements of this Chapter, heatstrengthened glass or fully tempered glass.

2411.8.2.2 For multiple glazing systems, each light orlayer shall consist of any glazing materials specified in2411.8.2.1.

2411.8.2.3 See 2605 for additional requirements forplastic skylights.

2411.8.3 Limitations. Heat strengthened and fully tem-pered glass when used in monolithic glazing systems shallhave screens installed below the glazing material to pro-tect building occupants from falling glass should breakageoccur. The screens shall be capable of supporting theweight of the glass and shall be substantially supportedbelow and installed within 4 inches (102 mm) of the glass.They shall be constructed of a noncombustible materialnot thinner than 0.0808 inch (2 mm) (12 B and S gage)diameter with a mesh not larger than 1 x 1 inch (25 x 25mm). In a corrosive atmosphere structurally equivalentcorrosion-resistant screening materials shall be used. Heatstrengthened glass, fully tempered glass and wire glass,when used in multiple glazing systems as the bottom layerover the walking surface, shall be equipped with screeningmeeting the requirements for monolithic glazing systems.

Exceptions:1. In monolithic and multiple layer sloped glazing sys-

tems, any glazing material, including annealedglass, may be installed without required screens if


2411.8.4-2413.1

the walking surface below the glazing material ispermanently protected from the risk of falling glassor if the area below the glazing material is not awalking surface.

2. In monolithic and multiple layer sloped glazing sys-tems, any glazing material, including annealedglass, may be installed in the sloped glazing systemsof greenhouses (structures used primarily for grow-ing plants) without screens provided the height ofthe penthouse at the ridge does not exceed 20 feet(6.1 m) above grade. Frames may be of wood con-struction in greenhouses located outside the FireDistrict if the height of the sloped glazing does notexceed 20 feet (6.1 m) above grade. In other cases,noncombustible frames shall be used.

2411.8.4 Sloped glazed framing. In other than Types III,IV and V construction, all sloped glazing skylight framesshall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Infoundries or buildings where acid fumes deleterious to metalare incidental to the use of the building, approved pressuretreated woods or other approved noncombustible materialshall be permitted for sash and frames. All sloped glazingand skylights shall be designed for the roof and wind loadsin Chapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones). All sky-lights set at an angle of less than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) fromthe horizontal shall be mounted at least 4 inches (102 mm)above the planer of the roof on a curb construction asrequired for the frame. Sloped glazing may be installed inthe plane of the roof where the roof pitch is greater than 45degrees (0.79 rad) from the horizontal.


GLASS VENEER

2412.1 Glass veneer shall be as set forth in this section.

2412.2 Dimension. Glass-veneer units shall be not less than11/32 inch (8.7 mm) in thickness. No unit shall be larger inarea than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) where 15 feet (4.6 m) orless above the grade directly below, nor larger than 6 squarefeet (0.56 m2) where more than 15 feet (4.6 m) above thegrade directly below.

2412.3 Attachment. Every glass-veneer unit shall beattached to the backing with approved mastic cement andcorrosion-resistant ties and shall be supported on shelfangles.

2412.3.1 Where more than 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade,veneer shall be supported by shelf angles, and ties shall beused in both horizontal and vertical joints.

2412.3.2 Below a point 6 feet (1829 mm) above grade,glass veneer shall rest on shelf angles. Veneering shall notbe supported on construction which is not an integral partof the wall, and over sidewalks shall be supported on ashelf angle not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) above grade.

2412.3.3 All edges of glass veneer shall be ground.

2412.4 Mastic.2412.4.1 The mastic shall cover not less than one-half ofthe area of the unit after the unit has been set in place andshall be neither less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) nor more than1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness.

2412.4.2 The mastic shall be insoluble in water and shallnot lose its adhesive qualities when dry.

2412.4.3 Absorbent surfaces shall be sealed by a bondingcoat before mastic is applied. The bonding coat shall becohesive with the mastic.

2412.4.4 Glass veneer surfaces to which mastic is appliedshall be clean and uncoated.

2412.4.5 Space between edges of glass veneer shall befilled uniformly with an approved type pointing compound.

2412.5 Shelf angles and ties.2412.5.1 Shelf angles shall be of corrosion-resistant mate-rial capable of supporting four times the width of the sup-ported veneer. The shelf angles shall be spaced verticallyin alternate horizontal joints, but not more than 3 feet(914 mm) apart. Shelf angles shall be secured to the wallat intervals not exceeding 2 feet (610 mm) with corrosion-resistant bolts not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) diameter.Bolts shall be set in masonry and secured by lead shields.

2412.5.2 Ties shall be of corrosion resistant metal as man-ufactured especially for holding glass-veneer sheets tomasonry surfaces. There shall be not less than 1 suchapproved tie for each 2 square feet (0.19 m2) of veneersurface.

2412.6 Backing. Exterior glass veneer shall be applied onlyupon masonry, concrete or stucco.

2412.7 Expansion joints. Glass veneer units shall be sepa-rated from each other and from adjoining materials by anexpansion joint at least 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in thickness. Thereshall be at least 1/64 inch (0.4 mm) clearance between boltsand the adjacent glass.


STORM SHUTTERS/EXTERNAL PROTECTIVEDEVICES

2413.1 General. Unless exterior wall components includingbut not limited to structural glazing, doors and windows of


2413.2-2414.5.3


enclosed buildings have specific product control approval topreserve the enclosed building envelope against impact loadsas set forth in Chapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones),all such components shall be protected by product approvedstorm shutters.

2413.2 The storm shutters shall be designed and constructedto insure a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) separation at maxi-mum deflection with components and frames of componentsthey are to protect unless the components and frame arespecifically designed to receive the load of storm shutters,and shall be designed to resist the wind pressures as set forthin Chapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones) by methodsadmitting of rational analysis based on established principlesof design. Storm shutter shall also be designed to complywith the impact load requirements included within Chapter16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones).

2413.3 The storm shutter design calculations and detaileddrawings, including attachment to the main structure, shall beprepared by and bear the seal of a qualified Florida registereddelegated Engineer, or if qualified to prepare such design, bythe Engineer or Architect of Record, which Architect orEngineer shall be proficient in structural design. TheArchitect or Engineer of Record shall, in all instances, reviewand approve documents prepared by the delegated Engineer.

2413.4 Storm shutters shall be approved by the ProductControl Section and shall bear the name of the companyengraved in every section of the system.

2413.5 Deflection shall not exceed the limits set forth inChapter 16 (High Velocity Hurricane Zones).

2413.6 Unless storm shutters are permanently attached to themain structure, all such storm shutters shall, where practica-ble, be neatly stored at all times in a designated and accessi-ble area within the building.

2413.6.1 Shutters used to protect openings above the firststory of any building or structure must be permanentlyinstalled and closable from the inside of the building orstructure unless such openings are accessible without theuse of a ladder or lift, or shutters can be installed from theinterior of the building or structure.

Exception. Group R3 detached single-family resi-dences not exceeding two stories.

2413.7 Storm shutters must completely cover an opening inall directions.

2413.7.1 On any side of an opening, the maximum sideclearance between the shutter and a wall or inset surface

shall be 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) . Any distance in excess of 1/4inch (6.4 mm) shall require end closure or shutter overlap,where applicable.

2413.7.2 Shutter overlap shall be a minimum of 1.5 timesthe side clearance between the shutter and wall.

2413.7.3 End closures shall be designed to resist windloads specified in Chapter 16 (High Velocity HurricaneZones), based on rational analysis.


CURTAIN WALLS

2414.1 Scope. This section prescribes requirements for cur-tain walls of buildings or structures regulated by this code.

2414.2 Definition. A curtain wall is any prefabricated assem-bly of various components to enclose a building usuallyattached to and/or supported by the building frame other thana single door, or window, masonry units, poured in place con-crete and siding of single membrane metal, wood or plastic.

2414.3 Curtain walls, as defined in 2414.2, shall be designed andconstructed in accordance with the requirements of this section.

2414.4 Structural glazing in curtain walls shall also complywith the requirements of 2415.

2414.5 General.2414.5.1 All structural elements of curtain wall systemsand their attachments (including embedments) to the mainstructural frame shall be designed by and bear the seal ofa qualified Florida-registered delegated engineer, or ifqualified to prepare such design, by the Engineer orArchitect of Record, which Architect or Engineer shall beproficient in structural design. The Engineer of Recordshall, in all instances, review and approve documents pre-pared by the delegated Engineer.

2414.5.2 Curtain wall systems supported from more thantwo adjacent floors shall be designed to withstand allimposed loads without exceeding allowable stresses in theevent of destruction or failure of any single span withinthe system. Documents for the main building permit shallinclude sufficient details describing the curtain wall sys-tem attachment to the main structure. This portion of thecontract documents, if not prepared by the qualifiedEngineer or Architect of Record, shall bear the signatureand seal of the qualified Florida-registered delegated engi-neer charged with the responsibility for the design of thecurtain wall system.

2414.5.3 Individual mullions acting as a continuous mem-ber shall transfer loads through supports from no morethan three adjacent floors.

2414.5.4-2415.5.3.1

2414.5.4 Materials. The materials used in any curtainwall shall comply with the applicable provisions of thiscode.

2414.6 Fire protection.2414.6.1 Curtain wall supports, spandrel panels, anchorsand the connections at the intersection of the floor andwall shall be fire protected based on building distance sep-aration as required in this code.

2414.6.2 Irrespective of distance separation, anchors,embedded hardware, connections at the intersection of thewall and floor and other connectors used to attach the cur-tain wall framing system to the building frame shall beprovided with fire protection from the floor below withfire-resistant materials having a fire rating equivalent tothat of the floor.

2414.6.4 Openings between curtain wall systems and fireresistive floors shall be protected against the passage offire and smoke in accordance with 2414.6.2

2414.6.5 Where fire safing is used to achieve such protec-tion, it shall be installed in such a manner that it willremain in place for at least a duration equivalent to thefire-resistive rating of the floor system,

2414.7 Inspection. Curtain wall systems and their attach-ments to the main structure shall be inspected by a specialinspector at both the point of assembly and the point ofinstallation.


STRUCTURAL GLAZING SYSTEMS

2415.1 Scope. This section prescribes requirements for struc-tural glazing systems of buildings or structures regulated bythis code.

2415.2 Application.

2415.2.1 Structural glazing, as defined in 2414.3, shall bedesigned and constructed in accordance with the require-ments of this section.

2415.2.2 Structural glazing systems used in curtain wallsshall also comply with the requirements of 2414.

2415.3 Definition. The terms used in this section shall bedefined as set forth in 202.

2415.4 Standards. Adhesives and sealants used in structuralglazing systems shall comply with following standards:

ASTM C 794, Test Method for Adhesion-In-Peel ofElastomeric Joint Sealants.

ASTM C 920, Specification for Elastomeric JointSealants.

ASTM D 412, Test Methods for Rubber Properties inTension.

ASTM D 624, Test Method for Rubber Property-TearResistance.

ASTM D 2240, Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness.

Federal Specifications TT-S-001543A and TT-S-00230C.

ASTM E 331, Test Method for Water Penetration ofExterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors.

ASTM E 330, Test Method for Structural Performance ofExterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors.

2415.5 Design.2415.5.1 General. Structural glazing systems shall bedesigned by and bear the seal of a Florida-RegisteredProfessional Engineer

2415.5.2 Materials.2415.5.2.1 Identification. All materials shall be clear-ly identified as to manufacturer and manufacturer'sproduct number.

2415.5.2.2 Adhesives and sealants.2415.5.2.2.1 Only approved silicone elastomeradhesives and sealants shall be used for fasteningglass lights and other panels to curtain wall framing.

2415.5.2.2.2 Such adhesives and sealants shall be ofa polymer that is 100 percent silicone.

2415.5.2.2.3 Adhesives and sealants shall have beentested in accordance with the standards set forth in2415.4.

2415.5.3 Manufacturer's testing, recommendation andapproval.

2415.5.3.1 Compatibility of all components and fabri-cation procedures of structural glazing systems shall betested, approved and recommended in writing by themanufacturer of the adhesive; the manufacturer of thecoating; whether it is anodized, baked or otherwiseapplied and the manufacturer of the glass panel.


2415.5.3.2-2415.7.5

2415.5.3.2 Manufacturer's testing, recommendationand approval shall address, but shall not be limited inscope by the following sections.

2415.5.3.2.1 The compatibility of the sealant withmetal, glazing materials, shims, spacers, settingblocks, backer rods, gaskets and other materials.

2415.5.3.2.2 Adhesion to the designated substratesand adhesion of the substrates to the base metal.

2415.5.3.2.3 The design and structural capability ofsilicone joints and cross sections.

2415.5.4 Structural requirements.2415.5.4.1 Design of structural seals.

2415.5.4.1.1 The design stress of the structural sili-cone shall not exceed 20 psi (138 kPa) for materialshaving a minimum strength of 100 psi (690 kPa) atthe weakest element in the line of stress.

2415.5.4.1.2 Such design stress shall also providefor a safety factor of not less than 5.0.

2415.5.4.1.3 Safety factors greater than 5.0 shall bespecified by the engineer when required or recom-mended by the manufacturer.

2415.5.4.1.4 The silicone structural seal shall have amaximum modulus of elasticity to allow no morethan 25 percent movement of the joint width at 20psi (138 kPa) stress.

2415.5.4.1.5 In insulating glass units, the secondarysilicone seal shall be designed to withstand a mini-mum of 1/2 the design negative wind load applicableto the outboard lights.

2415.5.4.2 Bonding limits. Structural glazing shall belimited to adhesive bonding on one side or on twoopposing sides of an infill glass lights or panel.

Exception. Three or four side bonding shall be per-mitted only when structural glazing units are shopfabricated and shop glazed.

2415.5.4.3 Jobsite reglazing.2415.5.4.3.1 Jobsite replacement reglazing shall bepermitted only when performed following a proce-dure approved in writing by the applicable structur-al silicone manufacturer.

2415.5.4.3.2 Replacement shall be performed onlyby individuals or firms approved or certified by thesilicone manufacturer.

2415.6 Fire protection. Structural glazing in curtain wallsshall be fire protected as required by 2414.6.

2415.7 Inspections, testing and recertification.2415.7.1 A minimum of 1 percent of the structurallyglazed panels shall be tested for load carrying capacityand sealant adhesion in accordance with Chapter 16 (HighVelocity Hurricane Zones) and ASTM E 330.

2415.7.2 Structural glazed panels shall be inspected by aFlorida Registered Architect or Professional Engineer forconformance with the approved design and installationprocedures determined by the Authority HavingJurisdiction prior to the erection of such panels and afterthe seal curing period established by the silicone manu-facturer.

2415.7.3 It shall be the responsibility of the contractor toverify the adhesion of the cured sealant periodicallythroughout the application to assure compliance with themanufacturer's specifications and quality of application.

2415.7.4 Structural glazing systems on threshold build-ings shall be recertified by the owner as specified by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction at 6 month intervals for thefirst year after installation. Subsequently, such systemsshall be recertified every 5 years at regular intervals.

2415.7.5 Such recertifications shall determine the struc-tural condition and adhesion capacity of the siliconesealant.

