Chapter 3 Demand Units - Californiabaydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/.../CS3_VolI_03_DemandUnits.pdf · Chapter 3 Demand Units . This chapter describes “demand units” used by ... surface

3-1 DRAFT – December 2017

Chapter 3 Demand Units This chapter describes “demand units” used by CalSim 3.0 to represent water demands and water use in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. Demand units are the smallest computational units within CalSim 3.0; the model does not distinguish between individual water users within a demand unit.

Definition Figure 3-1 shows irrigated agricultural lands within the 30 Water Budget Areas (WBA) in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region defined for CalSim 3.0. Using the WBA boundaries as a starting point, water districts, water agencies, Central Valley Project (CVP) and State Water Project (SWP) contractors, and non-district water users are organized into homogeneous groups termed demand units. Additional demand units are defined for water users located in the rim watersheds that surround the Central Valley and for water users who are supplied by the export of surface waters from the modeled stream and canal network, but who are located outside of the model domain. A demand unit is defined as a collection of water users who share similar climate and soils, have the same physical, legal, and contractual access to water, and have similar land uses, water delivery systems, and water use efficiencies.

The size and number of demand units are set partly by the availability of data for calibrating the model, but is also a compromise between a conceptual representation that requires less data input, and a very detailed physically based representation that requires greater levels of input. The number of demand units has been set to facilitate the use of local planning information and data for CalSim 3.0, and to enable future use of CalSim 3.0 for regional water resources planning by local agencies.

Demand units track water operations among a nearly homogeneous group of users; therefore, it becomes easier to explore the effects of system operational changes on specific types of water users. For example, keeping Glenn-Colusa Canal irrigators together and separate from Tehama-

Colusa Canal irrigators facilitates an analysis of how Tehama-Colusa Canal service area reliability might change as a result of a hypothetical raise of Shasta Dam. Because demand units are defined by contract type and water source, the demand units sometimes group together water users who are not spatially contiguous. CalSim 3.0 has a total of 252 demand units within the WBA domain. Table 3-1 presents the type and distribution of demand units by hydrologic region.

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Table 3-1. Demand Units in CalSim 3.0 by Hydrologic Region Hydrologic

Region Agricultural

Demand Units Urban Demand

Units Wetland

Demand Units Total

Sacramento River 73 64 8 145 San Joaquin River 56 18 9 83 Delta 2 1 0 3 Tulare Lake 3 1 1 5 External Areas1 3 13 0 16 Total 137 97 18 252 Note: 1 Demand units located outside the geographical area defined by the Water Budget Areas.

Input time series data for CalSim 3.0 define, for each demand unit, applied water demands for agricultural water use, urban demands for municipal and industrial (M&I) water use, or applied water demands for managed wetlands. CalSim 3.0 dynamically simulates surface water diversions, conveyance losses, and groundwater pumping associated with each demand unit. The model’s decision to deliver surface water to a particular demand unit is contingent on demand, surface water availability, contract allocation, water rights, and relative priority of use between surface water and groundwater.

Naming Convention The following sections describe the naming convention for demand units.

Demand Units Located in Water Budget Areas Table 3-2 explains the generic naming convention adopted for demand units located within the WBAs. Demand unit names comprise a one- to three-character WBA prefix, followed by a three-

character “contract and water use” suffix. Each demand unit is prefixed by the name of the WBA with which it is associated. For example, a demand unit located in WBA 08-North is prefixed by “08N_.” After the prefix, the first letter of the demand unit indicates whether it represents a group of CVP/SWP contractors or “non-project” water users. For example, a demand unit within WBA 08-North that represents water districts with water service contracts for deliveries from the CVP is named beginning “08N_P.” A second letter after the prefix indicates the purpose of the water use: agricultural, urban, or managed wetlands and refuges. Finally, in cases when two demand units would share the same name, a number is appended to the suffix to distinguish between them. For example, agricultural settlement contractors in WBA 08-North are divided between two demand units: those that divert water directly from the Sacramento River (08N_SA1); and those that receive deliveries from the Glenn-Colusa Canal (08N_SA2).

Chapter 3: Demand Units


Table 3-2. Demand Unit Naming Key

Land Use Contract Type

Settlement Contract Holder

Exchange Contract Holder

Project Contract Holder1

Non-Project Water Users

Irrigated Agriculture {WBA#}_SA {WBA#}_XA {WBA#}_PA {WBA#}_NA Urban {WBA#}_SU N/A {WBA#}_PU {WBA#}_NU Managed Wetlands N/A N/A {WBA#}_PR {WBA#}_NR Note: 1 Water users who hold water service contracts for delivery of water from the Central Valley Project (CVP) or State Water Project (SWP). Key: WBA = Water Budget Area

Demand Units Located in Rim Watersheds and Export Areas Demand units located outside the geographical area defined by the WBAs are identified using a five-letter acronym. For example, the City of Fairfield receives surface water delivered from two sources: Putah South Canal and North Bay Aqueduct. While these canal systems are represented in CalSim 3.0, the City of Fairfield lies west of WBA 25, in the San Francisco Bay Hydrologic Region and outside the WBA domain. In CalSim 3.0, the city is represented by demand unit “FRFLD.”

Agricultural Demand Units California has approximately 6.3 million acres of irrigated cropland, about 5 percent of the total land area of the State. Approximately 4.5 million acres of irrigated cropland is located within the Central Valley, of which 3.8 million acres lie in the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River hydrologic regions. Fifteen of the 18 Central Valley counties are among the 25 most productive of the State's agricultural counties (the 3 not included are Placer County, Yuba County, and Shasta County). The distribution of agricultural land in the Sacramento Valley is illustrated in Figure 3-1.

Definition Agricultural demand units were primarily identified using water district boundaries, land-use data, and water source data. The boundaries of agricultural water users that are not part of any water district (referred to as non-district) are defined by the WBA boundary.

Data Sources A variety of data sources were used to define agricultural demand units. These data sources include the following:

• Water district and water agency boundaries and service areas obtained from the California Spatial Information Library (CaSIL), which comprises separate geographical information system (GIS) layers for Federal, State, and private water districts (CaSIL, 2016).



• County Local Area Formation Commission (LAFCO) reports on water purveyors in their respective counties (LAFCO, 2016).1

• County land-use surveys undertaken by DWR’s Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management (DSIWM), formerly Division of Planning and Local Assistance (DWR, 2016).

• County and regional integrated water resources plans and integrated water management plans: American River (RWA, 2013), Butte County (CDM, 2005a), Colusa Basin Drainage District (CH2M HILL et al, 2004a), Cosumnes American Bear Yuba (ESF, 2014), Madera County (Boyle, 2008), Northern Sacramento Valley - Four County (CDM, 2005b), Sacramento Valley (CH2M HILL and GEI, 2006), Solano County (Solano County WA, 2005), Westside Regional Drainage Plan (San Joaquin River Exchange Contractors Water Authority et al., 2006), Yuba County (GEI, 2008), and Yolo County (MWH, 2005).

• Draft CalSim II San Joaquin River Model (Reclamation, 2007).

• Sacramento River Basinwide Water Management Plan (CH2M HILL et al., 2004b).

• Reclamation CVP water supply contract renewal (Reclamation, 2016a) and supporting environmental documents (Assessments, Environmental Impact Statements [EIS], and Findings of No Significant Impacts [FONSI]) (Reclamation, 2016b).

Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region Approximately 2 million acres of irrigated farmland is located in the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region, of which approximately 500,000 acres are planted to rice. Much of the surface water for irrigation is provided under water supply agreements and contracts with Reclamation as part of the CVP or other Reclamation projects and, to a lesser extent, with DWR as part of the SWP Feather River Service Area (FRSA).

Agricultural demand units located in the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region are listed in Table 3-3. They may be categorized as project or non-project. Non-project may be further categorized as district or non-district. Agricultural demand units include 13 units for CVP settlement contractors, 9 units for CVP water service contractors, 1 unit for Reclamation’s Orland Project, 3 units for Reclamation’s Solano Project, 8 units for SWP FRSA settlement contractors, and 36 units for non-project water users. Non-project water users include several major agricultural water purveyors, including Nevada Irrigation District (ID), Placer County Water Agency (WA), South Sutter Water District (WD), Yolo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (FC&WCD), and Yuba County WA. In general, each WBA has one demand unit representing non-project, non-district water users (the exception is WBA 19, in which, lands are almost entirely irrigated by CVP settlement contractors).

1 In California, establishment and revision of local government boundaries is governed by the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local

Government Reorganization Act of 2000. A LAFCO has power under this act to approve local agency boundary changes and to adopt spheres of influence for local agencies.



Figure 3-1. Agricultural Land Use in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region



Most surface water diversions from the Sacramento River for agricultural water use are made by CVP settlement and water service contractors. A notable exception is Llano Seco Ranch, represented by demand unit 09_NA. Diversions from the Sacramento River by senior water right holders who have not signed settlement agreements with Reclamation are not well defined, and records of their historical diversions are incomplete or unavailable. Table 3-4 presents assumptions used to model these agricultural diversions based on data published in discontinued DWR Bulletin Series 23 (DWR, 1924-1962) and Series 130 (DWR, 1963-1975, 1988), and based on recent land-use surveys.

The majority of surface water diversions from the Feather River for agricultural water use are by districts that have signed settlement agreements with DWR. These include Western Canal WD, Joint Water Districts Board, Plumas Mutual Water Company (MWC), Garden Highway MWC, Oswald WD, and Tudor MWC. However, there are many minor diversions from the Feather River by riparian and appropriative water right holders who have not signed settlement agreements with DWR. Records of their historical diversions are incomplete or unavailable. Table 3-5 presents assumptions used to model agricultural diversions from the Feather River by non-district water users, based on data published in Bulletin 168-76 (DWR, 1978).

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Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region Demand

Unit Water District or Agency Water Provider

Water Source

GW SW Point of Diversion

02_NA Non-district N/A • • Cottonwood Creek, Sacramento River 02_SA Anderson-Cottonwood ID, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River 02_PA Clear Creek CSD CVP • • Whiskeytown Lake 03_NA Non-district N/A • • Cow Creek, Battle Creek, Sacramento River 03_SA Anderson-Cottonwood ID, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River 03_PA Bella Vista WD CVP • • Sacramento River via Wintu Pumping Plant 04_NA Non-district including misc. settlement contractors N/A • • Elder Creek, Thomes Creek, Sacramento River 04_PA1 Corning WD, Proberta WD, Thomes Creek WD CVP • • Corning Canal 04_PA2 Kirkwood WD CVP • • Tehama-Colusa Canal

05_NA Los Molinos MWC, non-district including misc. CVP settlement contractors N/A • • Antelope Creek, Mill Creek, Deer Creek,

Sacramento River 06_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A 06_PA Orland Unit WUA Reclamation • • Stony Creek, via North and South canals 07N_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A

07N_PA Glide WD, Holthouse WD (65% of total), Kanawha WD, Orland-Artois WD CVP • • Tehama-Colusa Canal

07S_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A

07S_PA 4-M WD, Colusa County WD, Cortina WD, Davis WD, Dunnigan WD, Glenn Valley WD, Holthouse WD (35% of total), La Grande WD, Myers-Marsh MWC, Westside WD

CVP • • Tehama-Colusa Canal

08N_NA Non-district N/A • • Sacramento River 08N_PA Colusa Drain MWC (8% of total) CVP • • Colusa Basin Drain

08N_SA1 Maxwell ID (5% of total), Princeton-Codora-Glenn ID, Provident ID, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River

08N_SA2 Glenn-Colusa ID (55% of total) CVP • • Glenn-Colusa Canal 08S_NA1 Non-district N/A • • Sacramento River 08S_NA2 Non-district N/A • • Sacramento River 08S_PA Colusa Drain MWC (70% of total) CVP • • Colusa Basin Drain

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Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) Demand

Unit Water District or Agency Water Provider Water Source


08S_SA1 Maxwell ID (95% of total), Sycamore Family Trust, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River, Colusa Basin Drain

08S_SA2 Glenn-Colusa ID (45% of total) CVP • • Glenn-Colusa Canal 08S_SA3 RD 108, River Garden Farms, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River

09_NA Llano Seco Ranch (formerly Parrot Ranch), Dayton MWC, non-district N/A • • Sacramento River, Butte Creek

09_SA1 Pacific Realty Associates (formerly M&T Chico Ranch) CVP • • Sacramento River, Butte Creek

09_SA2 RD 1004, Carter MWC, Jack Baber, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River, Butte Creek

10_NA Rancho Esquon, Durham MWC, non-district N/A • • Butte Creek 11_NA Sutter Butte MWC, non-district N/A • • DWR Pump Station No. 2, Sutter Bypass

11_SA1 Western Canal WD SWP • • Thermalito Afterbay via Western Canal and PG&E lateral

11_SA2 Richvale ID SWP • • Thermalito Afterbay via Richvale and Sutter-Butte canals

11_SA3 Biggs-West Gridley WD, Butte WD SWP • • Thermalito Afterbay via Sutter-Butte Canal

11_SA4 Sutter Extension WD SWP • • Thermalito Afterbay via Sutter-Butte Canal and Sunset Pumps

12_NA Non-district N/A • • Irrigation return flow from South Feather Water and Power Agency

12_SA Misc. FRSA diverters N/A - • Feather River

13_NA South Feather Water and Power Agency, Yuba County WD N/A • • South Fork Feather, Lost Creek Non-district N/A • - N/A

14_NA Browns Valley ID Browns Valley ID, Yuba County WA • • Yuba River, French Dry Creek

15N_NA1 Non-district N/A • - N/A

15N_NA2 Cordua ID, Hallwood ID, Ramirez WD Yuba County WA • • Lower Yuba River, diversion at Daguerre Point Dam

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15N_SA Misc. FRSA diverters N/A - • Feather River 15S_SA Plumas MWC, misc. FRSA diverters SWP • • Feather River 15S_NA1 Non-district N/A • - N/A

15S_NA2 Brophy WD, Dry Creek MWC, South Yuba WD Yuba County WA • • Lower Yuba River at Daguerre Point Dam Wheatland WD1 N/A • - N/A

16_NA1 Non-district N/A • - N/A 16_NA2 Non-district N/A • - East Borrow Canal 16_PA Feather WD CVP • • Feather River

16_SA Garden Highway MWC, Tudor ID, Oswald WD, misc. FRSA diverters SWP • • Feather River

17N_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A

17S_NA Non-district N/A • • Butte Slough, Wadsworth Canal Sutter Bypass-Butte Slough WUA N/A • • Sutter Bypass

17S_SA Misc. FRSA diverters and minor settlement contractors N/A • • Feather River

18_NA Butte Slough Irrigation Company, Sutter Butte MWC, non-district N/A • • Butte Creek, Sutter Bypass

18_SA Meridian Farms WC, Lomo Cold Storage, Sutter MWC (5%), Tisdale IDC, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River

19_NA Placeholder – zero acreage N/A • • Sacramento River

19_SA Bardis et al., Pelger MWC, Sutter MWC (95% of total), misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River

20_NA1 Yolo County FC&WCD N/A • • Cache Creek at Capay Diversion Dam 20_NA2 Non-district N/A • - N/A 20_PA University of California, Davis Solano County WA • • Putah South Canal 21_NA Non-district N/A • • Sacramento River 21_PA Colusa Drain MWC (22% of total) CVP • • Knights Landing Ridge Cut 21_SA Conaway Conservancy Group, misc. settlement contractors N/A • • Sacramento River, Cache Creek, Yolo Bypass 22_NA Non-district N/A • • Sacramento River

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22_SA1 Natomas Central MWC, Pleasant Grove-Verona MWC, misc. settlement contractors CVP • • Sacramento River, Cross-Canal

22_SA2 Misc. FRSA diverters N/A - • Feather River 23_NA Camp Far West ID, South Sutter WD, non-district South Sutter WD • • Bear River 24_NA1 Nevada ID Nevada ID • • Combie Canal, Auburn Ravine 24_NA2 Placer County WA Zone 5, non-district Placer County WA • • Auburn Ravine 24_NA3 Placer County WA Zone 1 Placer County WA • • Lower Boardman Canal, South Canal 25_NA North Delta WA, non-district N/A • • Delta channels including Barker Slough 25_PA1 Solano ID (77% of total) Reclamation • • Putah Creek

25_PA2 Maine Prairie WD Reclamation • • Putah South Canal, irrigation return flows from Solano ID

26N_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A 26S_NA Non-district N/A • - N/A NIDDC Nevada ID Nevada ID - • Combie Reservoir NIDTD Nevada ID Nevada ID - • Wolf Creek, Combie Reservoir SIDSH Solano ID (23% of total) Solano County WA • • Putah South Canal Notes: 1 With the implementation of the Wheatland Project, Wheatland ID (part of demand unit 15S_NA2) will receive surface water supplies from the lower Yuba River under contract with

Yuba County WA. 2 Where the total irrigated area for CVP settlement contractors in a Water Budget Area (WBA) is less than 1,000 acres, these contractors have been combined with non-project water

users. 3 CVP settlement contractors whose irrigated area is less than 5,000 acres are listed as miscellaneous settlement contractors. Chapter 14 (Contracts and Water Rights) presents a

full listing of these contractors. Key: CSD = Community Service District, CVP = Central Valley Project DWR = Department of Water Resources FC&WCD = Flood Control and Water Conservation District FRSA = Feather River Service Area GW = groundwater (• = access to groundwater, - = no access to groundwater) ID = Irrigation District IDC = Irrigation and Drainage Company Misc = miscellaneous MWC = Mutual Water Company

N/A = not applicable PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric RD = Reclamation District Reclamation = U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation SW = surface water (• = access to surface water, - = no access to surface water) SWP = State Water Project WA = Water Agency WC = Water Company WD = Water District WUA = Water Users Association

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Table 3-4. Non-Project Agricultural Diversions from Sacramento River

Demand Unit Diversion Arc River Reach River Mile Bank Area3

(acres)

Annual Diversion4

(TAF) 02_NA D_SAC281_02_NA Keswick to Bend Bridge 299 – 257 Right 800 1 04_NA1 D_SAC224_04_NA Bend Bridge to Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District Intake 257 – 207 Right 2,200 1 08N_NA D_SAC185_08N_NA Glenn-Colusa Irrigation District Intake to Hamilton Bend 207 – 154 Right 7,200 14 08S_NA1 D_SAC146_08S_NA1 Hamilton Bend to Sycamore Slough 154 – 134 Right

15,600 8

08S_NA2 D_SAC129_08S_NA2 Sycamore Slough to Colusa Basin Drain Outfall 134 – 093 Right 21 21_NA D_SAC081_21_NA Colusa Basin Drain to Sacramento Bypass 093 – 066 Right 9,700 13 03_NA D_SAC273_03_NA Keswick to Bend Bridge 299 – 257 Left 2,200 5 05_NA1 D_SAC240_05_NA Bend Bridge to Big Chico Creek 257 – 196 Left 2,400 7 09_NA D_SAC185_09_NA Big Chico Creek to Butte Slough Outfall Gates 196 – 141 Left 5,300 14 18_NA D_SAC136_18_NA Butte Slough Outfall Gates to Tisdale Weir 141 – 122 Left 1,800 5 19_SA2 D_SAC109_19_NA Tisdale Weir to Feather River 122 – 083 Left 0 20 22_NA D_SAC075_22_NA Feather River to American River 083 – 063 Left 2,200 1 Notes: 1 Demand units 04_NA and 05_NA include a mix of non-project water users and Central Valley Project (CVP) settlement contractors. Diversions by CVP settlement contractors in

these Water Budget Areas (WBA) were considered too small to warrant modeling as an independent demand unit. 2 Demand unit 19_SA includes a mix of non-project water users and CVP settlement contractors. Diversions by non-project water users in this WBA were considered too small to

warrant modeling as an independent demand unit. 3 Areas are very approximate and are an initial attempt to account for non-project agricultural diversions from the Sacramento River in CalSim 3.0.

4 Annual diversion amounts are very approximate and are an initial attempt to account for non-project agricultural diversions from the Sacramento River in CalSim 3.0. Key: TAF = thousand acre-feet

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Table 3-5. Non-District Agricultural Diversions from Feather River

Demand Unit Diversion Arc River Reach River Mile Bank Area2

(acres)

Annual Diversion3

(TAF) 11_SA1 None Sutter Extension Water District to Fish Barrier Dam 37.9 – 67.0 Right 5,300 0 16_SA D_FTR008_SA Sutter Bypass East Levee to Sutter Extension Water District 7.6 – 37.9 Right 4,200 3 17S_SA D_FTR003_SA River mouth to Sutter Bypass East Levee 0.0 – 7.6 Right 200 5 12_SA D_FTR059_12_SA Honcut Creek to Fish Barrier Dam 44.8 – 67.0 Left 2,500 6 15N_SA D_FTR045_15N_SA Yuba River to Honcut Creek 27.7 – 44.8 Left 1,900 4 15S_SA D_FTR028_15S_SA Yuba/Sutter county line to Yuba River 10.8 – 27.7 Left 1,400 1 22_SA D_FTR003_22_SA River mouth to Yuba/Sutter county line 0.0 – 10.8 Left 3,000 7 Notes: 1 Non-district diversions to WBA 11 were considered too small to warrant inclusion in CalSim 3.0. 2 Source: Maureen Sergent, SWP Analysis Office, DWR, personal communication, 9/29/2009.

3 Annual diversion amounts are very approximate and are an initial attempt to account for non-district agricultural diversions from the Feather River in CalSim 3.0. Key: TAF = thousand acre-feet



Urban Demand Units In 2000, California’s population stood at over 37.1 million people, living in over 400 incorporated cities, and it has been growing each year since. By 2010, the population had increased to over 38.8 million people (California Department of Finance, 2010). Census data for 2000 shows the population of the Sacramento River and San Joaquin River hydrologic regions to be approximately 4.3 million (DWR, 2010). Approximately 6,700 active public drinking water sources serve the population in these two regions (DWR, 2007). Of these, approximately 70 percent depend on groundwater sources.

Definition Figure 3-2 shows major urban areas within the WBAs of the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region that is defined for CalSim 3.0. Urban demand units were defined using the following criteria:

• A minimum of one urban demand unit per WBA is needed to represent urban water demands and use. These urban demands may be scattered small communities dependent on groundwater.

• Urban demands within a WBA are disaggregated into additional demand units to account for differing sources of water, contract types or water rights for any surface water diversions, and manner of water treatment and disposal (e.g., point discharge to surface water, discharge to groundwater using spray irrigation or water treatment ponds).

In some cases, an urban service area may be associated with two or more demand units. For example, the City of Redding lies in WBA 02 and WBA 03 on the right and left banks of the Sacramento River, respectively. The part of the city in WBA 03 is further divided into two demand units to account for water supplied under a CVP water service contract and water supplied under a CVP settlement contract.

Definition of urban demands also accounts for a method of wastewater disposal and the point(s), if any, of effluent discharge to surface waters. As an example, the City of Red Bluff and the City of Corning both use groundwater wells to meet their water supply needs. The Red Bluff Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharges to the Sacramento River at River Mile (RM) 240. The Corning WWTP discharges to the Sacramento River at RM 217. The discharge rates are approximately 1.4 million and 1.0 million gallons per day (mgd), respectively. The two cities are separated into two demand units (04_NU1, and 04_NU2) to represent surface water return flows to the Sacramento River. However, the specific WWTPs are not explicitly represented in CalSim 3.0.



Figure 3-2. Population Centers in Water Budget Areas of Sacramento River Hydrologic

Region



Data Sources A variety of data sources were used to define urban demand units, including the following:

• Urban Water Management Plans (UWMP)

• Integrated Regional Water Management Plans (IRWMP)

• Drinking Water Source Assessments

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• California Water Plan

Urban Water Management Plans The Urban Water Management Planning Act was established by Assembly Bill (AB) 797 on September 21, 1983. The law requires water suppliers in California providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers, or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet per year of water, to prepare and adopt a UWMP every 5 years.2 The purpose of the act is to ensure that water suppliers plan for the long-term conservation and efficient use of the State’s limited urban water supplies. Two notable bills have added new requirements to the act, Senate Bill (SB) 610 and SB 221. These bills are intended to improve the link between water supply availability and certain land use decisions made by cities and counties. SB 610 and SB 221 require that counties and cities in California consider the availability of adequate water supplies for certain new, large developments, and UWMPs are identified as key source documents for this verification. An adopted UWMP must then be updated at least once every 5 years on or before December 31, in years ending in 5 and zero. UWMPs are submitted to DWR and are summarized by the Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management (DSIWM) as part of the California Water Plan.

Integrated Regional Water Management Plans An IRWMP is a comprehensive planning document prepared on a regional scale that identifies priority water resources projects and programs with multiple benefits. An IRWMP relies on local and sub-regional planning efforts for its foundation and investigates a broad spectrum of water resources issues, including water supply, flood management, water quality, and environmental restoration.

Drinking Water Source Assessments Under the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act, as well as California statutes and regulations related to drinking water, the State Water Board provides regulatory oversight of public water systems to enforce delivery of safe drinking water to all Californians.3 The administration of the Drinking Water Program was transferred from the Department of Public Health (DPH) to the State Water Board in July 2014. Under the Drinking Water Program, the State Water Board is responsible for mapping and completing drinking water source assessments for public drinking water sources

2 California Water Code Division 6, Part 2, Urban Water Management Planning. 3 Any entity serving drinking water to at least 25 persons for at least 60 days out of the year, or serving domestic water to 15 or

more service connections, is a public water system and must have a domestic water supply permit.



in California.4 Each public drinking water source has a system identification number and a source number. For example, the City of Tracy’s system number is 3910011. The source code for raw water from the Delta-Mendota Canal is 019.

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System The Clean Water Act, as amended in 1977, gives the Federal EPA authority to implement pollution control programs and to set water quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters. The act made it illegal to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters unless a permit was obtained under its provisions. EPA issues these permits directly under its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program, or delegates to the individual states. In California, operators of industrial, municipal, and other facilities that discharge directly to surface waters must obtain a permit from the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (Regional Water Boards). Details of specific facilities with NPDES permits are obtainable online (EPA, 2016).

California Water Plan As part of the California Water Plan, Update 2005 (DWR, 2005), DSIWM produced water balances for the entire State for water years 1998, 2000, and 2001. As part of California Water Plan, Update 2009 (DWR, 2010), DSIWM standardized the methodology and format of the water balances and produced a set of water balances by DAU (Detailed Analysis Unit) and by the county for water years 1999 and 2002 through 2005. These water balances have been extended through 2010 as part of California Water Plan, Update 2013.

DSIWM also has created a Public Water System Statistics (PWSS) database that contains population, water supply, and delivery data for public water sources. Each water source is referenced using the DPH source assessment identification number. No accurate map of all sources, either groundwater or surface water, currently exists. However, DSIWM has categorized public water sources by DAU.

Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region Urban demand units located in the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region are listed in Table 3-6. For each demand unit, Table 3-6 lists water purveyors who provide water for over 1,000 people, the cities, towns, and communities served, and the source of drinking water. Where applicable, Table 3-6 distinguishes between wholesale and retail water agencies.

Within the Redding basin, Reclamation supplies surface water to various purveyors for M&I purposes as part of the CVP. Points of diversion include Whiskeytown Reservoir and Spring Creek Conduit, Shasta Lake, and the Sacramento River. Raw water supplies for M&I use are subsequently treated and distributed by various CVP contractors; the largest of these is the City of Redding.

In the Feather River basin, DWR supplies water to the City of Yuba City as a long-term SWP contractor. DWR also supplies SWP water to Butte County, which acts as a wholesaler for retail agencies located within the county. The City of Oroville receives surface water from three 4 A list of water systems with completed assessments by county is available from the State Water Board (2016).



separate agencies: South Feather Water and Power Agency, Thermalito ID, and California Water Service Company. The sources of water for these agencies are all upstream from Lake Oroville.

Within Nevada County, which forms part of CalSim 3.0’s rim watersheds, Nevada ID provides treated surface water supplies to the Cities of Grass Valley and Nevada City and the communities of Lake Wildwood, Alta Sierra, and Lake of the Pines. Nevada ID also provides treated water to North Auburn in Placer County and is planning to provide raw water to the City of Lincoln.

Placer County WA supplies treated and raw water supplies for M&I use in Placer County. The agency’s service area is divided into five zones.5 Water is diverted from the upper Bear River and Drum Canal to supply Zone 3, which is located in CalSim 3.0’s rim watersheds. Diversions from the Bear River, supplemented by diversions from the North Fork American River at the Auburn Dam site, are the sources of water for the Cities of Colfax, Auburn, Loomis, Rocklin, and Lincoln, and a small portion of Roseville, which are located in Zone 1.

Various water purveyors in the lower American River Basin draw water from Folsom Lake, Folsom South Canal, lower American River, and Sacramento River. The service areas of these different water agencies are shown in Figure 3-3. Their grouping into demand units is presented in Figure 3-4. Agencies that divert surface water for M&I use within this metropolitan region include Eldorado ID, San Juan WD, City of Roseville, City of Folsom, Golden State Water Company, Carmichael WD, City of Sacramento, County of Sacramento, and the City of West Sacramento. The City of Roseville uses both CVP water and Placer County WA water diverted from Folsom Reservoir. The San Juan WD serves customers in both Placer and Sacramento counties with water also diverted from Folsom Reservoir.

The North Bay Aqueduct supplies SWP water to Solano County WA, Napa County FC&WCD, and water right water to the City of Vallejo. Solano County WA serves as a wholesaler of both Solano Project water from Lake Berryessa and SWP water delivered from the North Bay Aqueduct. The agency has contracts to deliver Solano Project water for municipal purposes to the Cities of Fairfield, Suisun City, Vacaville, and Vallejo, and California State Prison – Solano. Solano Project water is delivered via the Putah South Canal.

5 The Zone 2 service area is relatively small and can be considered as part of Zone 1. Zones 4 and 5 lie outside the model domain.



Figure 3-3. Urban Water Purveyors in Water Budget Areas 26N and 26S



Figure 3-4. Demand Units in Water Budget Areas 26N and 26S

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Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region Demand

Unit1 Cities, Towns, and

Communities Water Agency

Retail (Wholesale) DPH ID2,3 Population 20044

Water Source


02_NU

Anderson City of Anderson 4510001 8,900 • - N/A Cottonwood Cottonwood WD 4510007 2,462 • - N/A Lake California Rio Alto WD 5210005 1,716 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A • - N/A

02_PU

Centerville and Redding Centerville CSD 4510011 2,846 - • Whiskeytown Reservoir Happy Valley Clear Creek CSD 4510016 8,100 - • Whiskeytown Reservoir Shasta CSA No. 25 Keswick CSA5 4500001 475 - • Whiskeytown Reservoir Shasta Shasta CSD 4510013 2,010 - • Whiskeytown Reservoir

02_SU Redding – Foothill, Hill 900 and Cascade zones

City of Redding 4510005 84,560

• • Sacramento River

03_PU3 Redding – Buckeye and Hilltop zones - • Whiskeytown Reservoir

03_SU Redding – Hilltop and Enterprise zones • • Sacramento River

03_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

03_PU1 Shasta CSA No. 6 Jones Valley CSA2 4510004 1,119 - • Shasta Reservoir Shasta Lake City of Shasta Lake 4510006 9,170 - • Shasta Reservoir Mountain Gate Mountain Gate CSD 4510002 2,500 • • Shasta Reservoir

03_PU2 Stillwater Valley, Bella Vista, Palo Cedro, Redding Bella Vista WD 4510014 13,750 • • Sacramento River

04_NU1 Red Bluff City of Red Bluff 5210004 13,450 • - N/A

04_NU2 Corning City of Corning • - N/A Gerber Gerber-Las Flores CSD 5210002 1,200 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

05_NU Red Bluff City of Red Bluff 5210004 13,450 • - N/A Los Molinos Los Molinos CSD 5210003 1,250 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

06_NU Orland City of Orland 1110001 6,337 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

07N_NU Willows California Water Service Company 1110003 6,590 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

07S_NU Arbuckle Arbuckle PUD 610001 1,800 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

08N_NU Hamilton City California Water Service Company 1110002 1,603 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

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Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) Demand




Water Source


08S_NU Colusa City of Colusa 610002 5,498 • - N/A Williams City of Williams 610004 3,670 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

09_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A 10_NU1 Chico California Water Service Company 410002 84,840 • - N/A

10_NU2 Durham Durham ID 410003 1,300 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

11_NU1 Oroville Thermalito ID 410008 8,750 • • West Branch Feather River

11_NU2

Biggs City of Biggs 410001 1,794 • - N/A Gridley City of Gridley 410004 5,625 • - N/A Live Oak Live Oak WD 5110001 6,229 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

12_NU1 Oroville California Water Service Company 410005 9,690 • • Power Canal 12_NU2 Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A 13_NU1 Oroville South Feather Water and Power Agency 410006 20,600 - • South Fork Feather River 13_NU2 Small communities South Feather Water and Power Agency - • • Lake Oroville – Palermo Canal 14_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A • - N/A

15N_NU Marysville California Water Service Company 5810001 12,340 • •6 N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

15S_NU

Olivehurst Olivehurst PUD 5810003 11,061 • - N/A Wheatland City of Wheatland 5810004 2,400 • - N/A Linda Linda County WD 5810002 9,300 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

16_PU Yuba City City of Yuba City 5110002 45,193 • • Feather River 16_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A 17N_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

17S_NU Sutter Sutter CSD 5110007 3,493 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

18_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A 19_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

20_NU1 Davis, El Macero, Willowbank City of Davis 5710001 66,700 • - N/A UC Davis University of California at Davis 5710009 35,370 • - N/A Woodland City of Woodland 5710006 50,200 • - N/A

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20_NU2

Winters City of Winters 5710005 6,250 • - N/A Esparto Esparto CSD 5710007 1,800 • - N/A Madison Madison CSD 5700571 876 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

21_NU Knights Landing Knights Landing Service District 5710004 1,287 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

21_PU West Sacramento (Portion) City of West Sacramento 5710003 32,500 - • Sacramento River

22_NU

Sacramento International Airport 8 (City of Sacramento) 3400139 5,000 • - N/A

Metro Air Park Sacramento County WA Zone 41 (City of Sacramento) Non-residential - - N/A

Northgate 880 9 Sacramento County WA Zone 41 Non-residential • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

23_NU Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

24_NU1 Auburn, Bowman Placer County WA – Upper Zone 1 3110005 24,697 - • Bear River – Bear River Canal Christian Valley Park Christian Valley Park CSD 3110034 2,000 - • Boardman Canal

24_NU2

Loomis, Newcastle, Penryn, Rocklin, Granite Bay (Portion), Roseville (Portion)

Placer County WA - lower Zone 1 3110025 64,096 •8 •7 Bear River – Bear River Canal, North Fork American River

Lincoln City of Lincoln (Placer County WA) 3110004 20,141 • •9 Bear River – Bear River Canal West Placer Cal-Am WC (Placer County WA) 3110150 <1,000 • - Bear River – Bear River Canal

24_NU3 North Auburn Nevada ID 3110026 5,617 - • Bear River – Bear River Canal 24_NU4 Small communities Self-supplied - - • - N/A

25_NU Rio Vista City of Rio Vista 4810004 4,842 • - N/A Dixon California Water Service Company 4810002 9,600 • - N/A Small communities Self-supplied N/A - • - N/A

25_PU Vacaville City of Vacaville 4810008 91,461 • • South Putah Canal, North Bay Aqueduct

26N_NU1

Northridge, McClellan Business Park

Sacramento Suburban WD – NSA13, McClellan (San Juan WD) 3410024 83,300 • • Folsom Lake

Arcade – North Highlands Sacramento Suburban WD – NSA12 (San Juan WD) 3410025 23,247 • • Folsom Lake

Antelope Cal-Am WC (San Juan WD) 3410031 21,000 • • Folsom Lake Lincoln Oaks Cal-Am WC (San Juan WD) 3410013 42,000 • • Folsom Lake Rio Linda, Elverta15 Rio Linda Elverta CWD (San Juan WD) 3410018 14,750 • -17 Folsom Lake

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Water Source

GW SW Point of Diversion 26N_NU2 Carmichael Carmichael WD 3410004 38,700 • • Lower American River

26N_NU3 City of Sacramento - North City of Sacramento 3410020 436,245 • • Lower American River, Sacramento River

26N_NU4 Arcade14 Sacramento Suburban WD – SSA (City of Sacramento) 3410001 51,226 • • Lower American River

26N_NU513

Arden Golden State WC 3410003 6,796 • - N/A Del Paso Service Area Del Paso Manor WD 3410007 6,300 • -18 N/A Arden Park Vista Service Area Sacramento County WA Zone 41 3410002 10,032 • - N/A Arden Cal-Am WC 3410045 4,280 • - N/A

26N_PU1 Roseville City of Roseville 3110008 85,772 •13 •10 Folsom Lake 26N_PU2 San Juan Retail Service Area11 San Juan WD 3410021 31,726 - • Folsom Lake

26N_PU3

Orange Vale Orange Vale WC (San Juan WD) 3410016 17,500 • • Folsom Lake City of Citrus Heights Citrus Heights WD (San Juan WD) 3410006 68,189 • • Folsom Lake Fair Oaks Fair Oaks WD (San Juan WD) 3410009 38,119 • • Folsom Lake City of Folsom - Ashland City of Folsom (San Juan WD ) 3410030 2,152 - • Folsom Lake

26S_NU1 City of Sacramento - South City of Sacramento 3410020 436,245 • • Lower American River, Sacramento River

26S_NU2 Parkway Cal-Am WC (City of Sacramento) 3410017 45,325 • •23 Lower American River Suburban Cal-Am WC (City of Sacramento) 3410010 34,082 • •23 Lower American River Rosemont Cal-Am WC (City of Sacramento) 3410034 18,232 • •23 Lower American River

26S_NU3 Florin Florin County WD 3410033 8,460 • - N/A Fruitridge Fruitridge Vista WC 3410023 15,000 • - N/A Tokay Park Tokay Park WC (Zone 41) 3400172 525 • - N/A

26S_NU4 Groundwater remediation Aerojet Non-potable water • • Folsom Lake

26S_PU1 City of Folsom City of Folsom 3410014 25,674 • •21 Folsom Lake Folsom State Prison Folsom State Prison 3410032 10,000 - • Folsom Lake

26S_PU2 Rancho Cordova Golden State WC 3410015 41,840 •22 • Folsom South Canal 26S_PU3 Folsom Lake shoreline California Parks and Recreation Non-potable water - • Folsom Lake

26S_PU4 Laguna Sacramento County WA – SSA (Zone 40) 3410029 89,407 • • Sacramento River

26S_PU5 City of Elk Grove Elk Grove WD, Tariff Area No.2 (Sacramento County WA) 3410008 23,000

• • Sacramento River

Elk Grove WD, Tariff Area No.1 • - N/A

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26S_PU6 Vineyard Sacramento County WA – CSA (Zone 40) • -20 N/A Mather-Sunrise Sacramento County WA – NSA (Zone 40) 3410704 1,736 • -20 N/A Sunrise/Security Park Cal-Am WC (Sacramento County WA) 3410027 • -20 N/A

AMCYN American Canyon City of American Canyon 2810005 9,462 - • North Bay Aqueduct ANTOC Antioch City of Antioch 710001 84,485 - • Delta, Contra Costa Canal

BNCIA Benicia City of Benicia 4810001 28,000 - • South Putah Canal, North Bay Aqueduct

CCWD Bay Point, Clayton, Clyde, Concord, Oakley, Pittsburg, Port Costa24

Contra Costa Water District 710003 200,000 - • Rock Slough, Old River, Middle River

CLLPT Clear Lake, Lakeport, small communities 19 M&I water purveyors N/A

• • Clear Lake

CSPSO California State Prison - Solano California State Prison – Solano 4810800 8,500 - • South Putah Canal

ELDID El Dorado Hills El Dorado ID 910001 85,000 • • Folsom Lake

EBMUD Berkeley, Oakland, Richmond, Walnut Creek25 East Bay Municipal Utility District 11005 1,200,000 - • Pardee Reservoir

FRFLD Fairfield City of Fairfield 4810003 80,000 - • South Putah Canal, North Bay Aqueduct

NAPA Napa City of Napa16 2810003 79,959 - • North Bay Aqueduct St. Helena City of Napa 2810004 5,950 - • North Bay Aqueduct Calistoga City of Calistoga (City of Napa) 2810002 5,190 - • North Bay Aqueduct

PCWA3 Alta, Dutch Flat, Colfax, Applegate, Meadow Vista

Dutch Flat MWC, Weimar WC, Midway Heights County WD, Heather Glen CSD, Meadow Vista County WD (Placer County WA)

N/A - • Lower Boardman Canal

PLMAS Portola Plumas FC&WCD 3210003 2,500 • • Lake Davis SUISN Suisun City of Suisun 4810005 26,280 - • North Bay Aqueduct TVAFB Travis Air Force Base Travis Air Force Base 4810015 - • North Bay Aqueduct

VLLJO Vallejo City of Vallejo 4810007 130,308 - • South Putah Canal, North Bay Aqueduct

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Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) Notes: 1 The name of demand units located within a Water Budget Area (WBA) is prefixed with the WBA identification number. Demand units outside of the WBAs, located either in the rim

watersheds or within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta or San Francisco Bay hydrologic regions, are identified using a 5 letter acronym. 2 The California Department of Public Health identification number (DPH ID) is as used in the DWR Public Water Supply Statistics database. 3 No DPH ID or population data are given for demand units representing small communities that rely on self-produced water supplies. 4 Source: DWR Public Water Supply Statistics database, 2007. 5 Shasta County WA provides water to water purveyors in Shasta County, including Keswick CSA and Jones Valley CSA. 6 The City of Marysville diverts water from the lower Yuba River to fill Lake Ellis for recreational and aesthetic purposes. 7 Placer County WA purchases water from the PG&E’s Drum-Spaulding Project, which originates from the upper Yuba River basin, augmented by Bowman Lake and Lake Spaulding

on the South Yuba River and Rollins Reservoir on the Bear River. The water supply is conveyed primarily via the Drum, Bear River, and lower Boardman canals. Nevada ID and Placer County WA share capacity in the canal with agreements that provide for use of any unused capacity by either agency.

8 Placer County WA has several wells in the Western Placer County (Sunset Industrial Park) and is considering increasing groundwater capacity for meeting future conjunctive requirements.

9 The City of Lincoln purchases treated surface water from Placer County WA, which is used conjunctively with treated groundwater for urban uses and use of recycled water for agricultural irrigation from its wastewater treatment plant.

10 The City of Roseville purchases a small portion of treated Placer County WA water for service to higher elevation developments. 11 The Sacramento International Airport is currently on groundwater supplies with poor water quality. It is anticipated that wholesale agreements with the City of Sacramento to treat

and deliver Natomas Central Mutual Water Company water will replace groundwater supplies in the near future. 12 The Northgate service area of Sacramento County WA may be annexed to the City of Sacramento in the near future and receive water from the city. 13 The City of Roseville has been actively pursuing aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) for wells constructed within its retail service area. 14 Includes a portion of Granite Bay in Placer County. 15 This portion of the Sacramento Suburban WD was formerly served by Arcade WD North Highlands service area and Northridge WD. 16 This portion of the Sacramento Suburban WD was formerly served by Arcade WD Town and Country service area. 17 The older and much larger portion of Rio Linda Elverta Community WD relies solely on groundwater. The newer development is served surface water through agreements with

San Juan WD. 18 Del Paso WD has an existing agreement for surface water with the City of Sacramento for American River Place of Use water if groundwater supplies become inadequate to meet

demands. To date, this diversion has not occurred. 19 The City of Napa delivers treated water to the City of American Canyon. The City of Napa also delivers water to the Town of Yountville and California Veterans Home. 20 Sacramento County WA Vineyard Surface Water Treatment Plant was completion in 2011. 21 Agreements have been made with Natomas Central Mutual Water Company to deliver up 10,000 acre-feet per year to the City of Folsom south of Highway 50 sphere of influence

Development Area. Conveyance will likely be through the East Bay Municipal Utility District/Sacramento County WA Freeport diversion to be operational by 2011. 22 Groundwater contamination has reduced groundwater production over the past 10 years, increasing the need for surface water from the Folsom South Canal. 23 California American WC and Sacramento County WA are negotiating surface water wholesale agreements with the City of Sacramento for American River Place of Use. 24 Contra Costa Water District also serves parts of Walnut Creek, Pleasant Hill, Martinez, and Brentwood. 25 EBMUD's water system covers a 331-square-mile area extending from Crockett on the north, southward to San Lorenzo, eastward from San Francisco to Walnut Creek, and south

through the San Ramon Valley. Key: Cal-Am = California American CSA = County Service Area/Central Service Area CSD = Community Service District CWD = Community Water District DPH ID = California Department of Health identification number FC&WCD = Flood Control and Water Conservation District

GW = groundwater ID = Irrigation District N/A = not applicable NSA = North Service Area PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric POU = Place of Use PUD = Public Utility District

RCD = Resource Conservation District SSA = South Service Area SW = surface water UC = University of California WA = Water Agency WC = Water Company WD = Water District WSC = Water Service Company



Wetland Demand Units Managed wetlands explicitly represented in CalSim 3.0 include national wildlife refuges and wildlife management areas managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), wildlife areas managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), and private wetlands and duck clubs. The locations of these wetlands are shown in Figure 3-5.

Background In the early 1980s, Reclamation, assisted by USFWS and CDFW, initiated a refuge water supply study to investigate potential sources of water and delivery infrastructure for providing dependable water supplies to 14 refuges in the Central Valley. The findings of the investigation were summarized in the Report on Refuge Water Supply Investigations, Central Valley Hydrologic Basin, California (Reclamation, 1989). Sacramento Valley refuges and wetlands identified in this report include the following:

• Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge

• Delevan National Wildlife Refuge

• Colusa National Wildlife Refuge

• Sutter National Wildlife Refuge

• Gray Lodge Wildlife Area Refuge The report identified both historical average annual water deliveries for each refuge and the amount of water required for optimum habitat management.6

6 Historical average water supplies are defined as Level 2 supplies. Incremental Level 4 water supplies are the additional water

required to achieve optimum waterfowl habitat management.



Figure 3-5. National Wildlife Refuges and Wildlife Areas in the Central Valley



The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA), signed in 1992, altered the management of the CVP to make fish and wildlife protection, restoration, and enhancement be project purposes having equal priority with agriculture, M&I and power uses. As part of Section 3406(d)7 of the CVPIA, Reclamation signed long-term water supply contracts and agreements and memorandums of understanding (MOU) to provide long-term water supplies (up to 25 years) to specified Federal national wildlife refuges, State wildlife areas, and private wetlands in the Grassland Resource Conservation District. The CVPIA adopted by reference the dependable water supplies from the 1989 reports as the specific quantities of water to be provided to the refuges. Reclamation, in partnership with USFWS, developed a Water Acquisition Program to provide incremental Level 4 refuge water supplies. The Water Acquisition Program goal is to acquire up to 163,000 acre-feet annually (133,264 acre-feet of Level 4 water, and 26,007 acre-feet of replacement water8).

Data Sources A variety of data sources were used to define wetland demand units. These data sources include the following:

• Report on Refuge Water Supply Investigations, Central Valley Hydrologic Basin, California (Reclamation, 1989a)

• Refuge water management plans (Reclamation, 2016c)

• Central Valley Joint Venture Implementation Plan (USFWS, 2006)

• Environmental Assessments (National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)) and Initial Studies (California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)) for long-term refuge water supply agreements (Reclamation, 2016d)

Wetland Demand Units in the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region The Sacramento River Hydrologic Region contains approximately 175,000 acres of wetlands. The majority of these wetlands are located in the Colusa, Butte and Sutter basins and in a riparian corridor adjacent to the Sacramento River.9

The Colusa Basin is a natural depression located on the right bank of the Sacramento River between Stony Creek and Cache Creek. Historically, overflow from the Sacramento River and 7 3406(d) Central Valley Refuges and Wildlife Habitat Areas.--In support of the objectives of the Central Valley Habitat Joint

Venture and in furtherance of the purposes of this title, the Secretary shall provide, either directly or through contractual agreements with other appropriate parties, firm water supplies of suitable quality to maintain and improve wetland habitat areas on units of the National Wildlife Refuge System in the Central Valley of California; on the Gray Lodge, Los Banos, Volta, North Grassland, and Mendota state wildlife management areas; and on the Grassland Resources Conservation District in the Central Valley of California.

8 Reclamation had contracts in place to provide water to certain refuges before the passage of the CVPIA in 1992. When the CVPIA dedicated 800,000 acre-feet for environmental water use, including refuge deliveries, these contracts were counted as part of Level 2 contracts. The quantity of water that was supplied to each refuge before 1992 is identified as “replacement water” in the water supply contracts. Reclamation would ideally buy this water from willing sellers, if full Level 4 (Level 2 plus incremental Level 4) allocations were supplied to refuges on a regular basis and if there is adequate funding. The CVP water that is replaced would then available for CVP agricultural and M&I contractors.

9 The Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge consists of 27 units along a 77 mile-long stretch of the Sacramento River.



outflow from the Coastal Range produced flood basin marshes in winter and spring. However, the development of levee networks, drains, and pumping stations have eliminated flood events in all but the wettest years. The Colusa Basin currently contains approximately 21,000 acres of public wetlands, including the Sacramento, Delevan, and Colusa national wildlife refuges, which are part of the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex managed by USFWS.

The Butte Basin is located between the Sacramento and Feather Rivers and extends from the City of Red Bluff south to the Sutter Buttes. Historically, over-bank flooding from Butte Creek and the Sacramento River created 40,000 to 50,000 acres of seasonal wetlands. In the early 1900s, a series of levees and drainage facilities were built to contain these floodwaters. Currently, approximately 13,000 acres of publicly owned and managed wetlands are located in the basin, primarily managed for waterfowl habitat. These wetlands include Gray Lodge Wildlife Area and the Upper Butte Basin Wildlife Area, which are managed by CDFW. In addition, private hunting clubs maintain more than 30,000 acres of wetland habitat in lands adjacent to Butte Creek in an area known as the Butte Sink.

The Sutter Basin extends south from the Sutter Buttes to the confluence of the Sacramento and Feather rivers. Historically, overflow from these two rivers produced seasonal wetlands. Although construction of the Sutter Bypass and flood control systems on the Sacramento and Feather rivers have eliminated most of the historical overflow, portions of the Sutter Bypass continue to provide wetland habitat. The Sutter Basin contains almost 2,600 acres of publicly owned waterfowl habitat, all in the Sutter National Wildlife Refuge, of which approximately 80 percent is located in the Sutter Bypass. Private duck hunting clubs provide an additional 1,500 acres of waterfowl habitat.

Table 3-7 presents details of the eight CalSim 3.0 demand units for wetlands within the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region. In many cases, a demand unit represents a single Federal or State refuge, although, a demand unit also may represent a group of wetlands. Individual units of a national wildlife refuge may belong to different demand units. For example, the Upper Butte Basin Wildlife Area includes the three separate units of Little Dry Creek, Howard Slough, and Llano Seco. The Little Dry Creek and Howard Slough units are represented by CalSim demand unit 11_PR. These units receive surface water from Thermalito Afterbay delivered by Western Canal WD and Richvale ID. In contrast, the Llano Seco Unit of the Upper Butte Basin Wildlife Area is combined with the Llano Seco Unit of the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge, and represented by demand unit 09_PR, which receives Sacramento River water. With the exception of the Llano Seco Unit, the Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge is not represented explicitly in CalSim 3.0.

In addition to designated wetlands, CalSim 3.0 includes some private wetlands aggregated with agricultural demand units. These wetlands are distributed as follows: 2,797 acres in WBA 04; 1,726 acres in WBA 05; 3,098 acres in WBA 08N and WBA 08S and 3,010 acres in WBA 09.

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Table 3-7. Wetland Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region Demand

Unit Refuge/Wildlife Area Managed by

Water Provider

Water Source

GW SW Point of Diversion and Conveyance

08N_PR1 Sacramento NWR USFWS Reclamation - • Glenn-Colusa Canal

08N_PR2 Delevan NWR USFWS Reclamation - • Glenn-Colusa Canal

08S_PR Colusa NWR USFWS Reclamation - • Glenn-Colusa Canal, Colusa Basin Drain

09_PR Llano Seco Unit, Upper Butte Basin WA, Llano Seco Unit, Sacramento River NWR

CDFW, USFWS Water rights - • Sacramento River, Butte Creek

11_PR Upper Butte Basin WA – Little Dry Creek and Howard Slough Units CDFW Western Canal WD,

Richvale ID • • Thermalito Afterbay via Western Canal and Sutter-Butte Canal

17N_NR Butte Sink Duck Clubs2 Private, USFWS

Water rights, Western Canal WD - • Thermalito Afterbay via Western Canal, Butte

Creek

17N_PR Gray Lodge WA CDFW Reclamation, DWR (by exchange) • • Thermalito Afterbay via Biggs-West Gridley WD

canals

17S_PR Sutter NWR USFWS Reclamation, Sutter Extension WD - • Sutter Bypass, Sutter Extension Canal

Notes: 1 The Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge consists of 27 units along a 77 mile-long stretch of the Sacramento River. These wetlands are not represented explicitly in CalSim

3.0. Land use is included as part of the non-project demand units within the respective Water Budget Area (WBA): 2,797 acres in WBA 04, 1,726 acres in WBA 5, 3,098 acres in WBA 8, and 3,010 acres in WBA 09.

2 The Butte Sink duck clubs consists of lands within the 1922 Duck Club Boundary and signatory to an agreement with Western Canal WD. Includes the 733-acre Butte Sink National Wildlife Refuge managed by USFWS, but does not include wetlands within Reclamation District 1004 or wetlands to the east of 1922 boundary. This wetland demand unit may be expanded in the future to include all lands which are part of conservation easements with the USFWS and are part of the Butte Sink Wildlife Management Area.

Key: CDFW = California Department of Fish and Wildlife GW = groundwater (• = access to groundwater, - = no access to groundwater) ID = Irrigation District NWR = National Wildlife Refuge SW = surface water (• = access to surface water, - = no access to surface water) USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WA = Wildlife Area WD = Water District



Water Purveyor and Demand Unit Boundaries Demand unit boundaries were assembled from Federal, State, and private water purveyor boundary descriptions, downloaded from the California Spatial Information Library (CaSIL, 2016). These boundaries were partially updated and revised when more recent data were readily available from other sources. In many instances, overlaps existed whereby land was attributed to two separate water purveyors. The majority of the overlapping areas are the result of small slivers of less than a few hundred acres, a byproduct of inconsistencies in the water district boundary shape files. All overlaps were rectified during GIS analysis completed for CalSim 3.0, with overlaps attributed to a single water purveyor, as follows:

• Small overlaps between agricultural water purveyors were arbitrarily assigned to one purveyor.

• Overlaps between agricultural water purveyors of a larger size were resolved with the assistance of photogrammetry and township-range delineations.

Irrigated land located within a city boundary10 was reassigned, external to the GIS, so that agricultural demands were met by adjacent irrigation districts, as appropriate.

10 City boundaries are available from (CaSIL, 2016).



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Chapter 3 Demand Units ..................................................................................................... 3-1 Definition .................................................................................................................................. 3-1 Naming Convention .................................................................................................................. 3-2

Demand Units Located in Water Budget Areas ............................................................... 3-2 Demand Units Located in Rim Watersheds and Export Areas ........................................ 3-3

Agricultural Demand Units ....................................................................................................... 3-3 Definition ......................................................................................................................... 3-3 Data Sources .................................................................................................................... 3-3 Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region ............................ 3-4

Urban Demand Units .............................................................................................................. 3-13 Definition ....................................................................................................................... 3-13 Data Sources .................................................................................................................. 3-15 Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region .................................... 3-16

Wetland Demand Units ........................................................................................................... 3-26 Background .................................................................................................................... 3-26 Data Sources .................................................................................................................. 3-28 Wetland Demand Units in the Sacramento River Hydrologic Region .......................... 3-28

Water Purveyor and Demand Unit Boundaries ...................................................................... 3-31 Table 3-1. Demand Units in CalSim 3.0 by Hydrologic Region ................................................ 3-2 Table 3-2. Demand Unit Naming Key ........................................................................................ 3-3 Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region ...................... 3-7 Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ........ 3-8 Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ........ 3-9 Table 3-3. Agricultural Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ...... 3-10 Table 3-4. Non-Project Agricultural Diversions from Sacramento River ................................ 3-11 Table 3-5. Non-District Agricultural Diversions from Feather River ...................................... 3-12 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region ............................. 3-20 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ................ 3-21 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ................ 3-22 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ................ 3-23 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ................ 3-24 Table 3-6. Urban Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region (contd.) ................ 3-25 Table 3-7. Wetland Demand Units in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region .......................... 3-30 Figure 3-1. Agricultural Land Use in Sacramento River Hydrologic Region ............................ 3-5 Figure 3-2. Population Centers in Water Budget Areas of Sacramento River Hydrologic Region3-14 Figure 3-3. Urban Water Purveyors in Water Budget Areas 26N and 26S .............................. 3-18 Figure 3-4. Demand Units in Water Budget Areas 26N and 26S ............................................. 3-19 Figure 3-5. National Wildlife Refuges and Wildlife Areas in the Central Valley .................... 3-27

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Chapter 3 Demand Units - Californiabaydeltaoffice.water.ca.gov/.../CS3_VolI_03_DemandUnits.pdf · Chapter 3 Demand Units . This chapter describes “demand units” used by ... surface