Chapter 3: New England Colonies

King Henry VIII

The Pilgrims• A Separatist group that

wanted to split from the Church of England

• Harassed by King James (King of England)

• Fled to Holland because they accepted different religions

• But they did not like Holland

• Asked the Virginia Company if they could settle in America “as a distinct body by themselves.”

• The Virginia Company said YES

The Journey of the Mayflower

Got blown off course to the North

Arrived off Cape Cod off the Massachusetts coast

Landed in a place called Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

Because they were blown off course, they were no longer under the Virginia company

To keep order they created the Mayflower Compact

Vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony

Established idea of self-government

What or Who Helped the Pilgrims Survive?

Squanto and Samoset, English speaking Native Americans

They helped create a peace treaty between the Pilgrims and Natives

The First Thanksgiving

The Puritans• Left England between

1630-1640 to escape bad treatment

• Wanted to purify or reform the Church of England

• Their leaving is known as the Great Migration

• Received a royal charter from the Massachusetts Bay Company

• John Winthrop was their first Governor

Puritan towns

Set of Puritan rules

Towns set up by individual congregations

Had a form of self-government with elected representatives

Only male church members could vote or hold office

Everyone HAD to attend church services

The new England way

Described beliefs and society

Emphasized duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty

Dancing and games = laziness

Hard work pleased God

Children were required to learn to read so that they could read the Bible

Connecticut

Thomas Hooker-1636

Moved his congregation to Conn.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Extended voting rights to non-church members

Limited the power of the governor

Expanded idea of representative government

New Hampshire

First European settlement was in Portsmouth in 1923

John wheelwright established the town of Exeter in 1638

They created the Exeter Compact which was modeled after the Mayflower Compact

Challengers to the Puritans

Roger Williams Minister in Salem,

Massachusetts Organized the first Baptist

Church Opposed the English

taking away Native American Land

Founded the colony of Rhode Island in 1636

Guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state

Anne Hutchinson

Believed a person could worship God without help of church, minister or Bible

Held discussions that challenged church authority

Fled to Rhode Island in 1638

King Philip’s War

The main cause was the increasing number of colonists who wanted the Native American’s land

Result: “King Philip” or Metacom (the Native American leader) dies, along with about 3,000 others, about 500 enslaved and the rest lost their land

Witches in Salem, Massachusetts

The truth

The younger generation did not like the strict religious views of their parents

Many of the girls had heard frightening stories about witches from Tituba, a slave from the West Indies

They began falsely accusing others of witchcraft, which started the witch hunts of 1692

Hysteria spread because ministers believed it was a sign from God that they needed to return to their strict lifestyle

More than 100 were arrested and tried

20 were found guilty – 19 were hanged and 1 was pressed to death

Panic was short lived

PROVED THAT A SOCIETY CAN CREATE SCAPEGOATS FOR ITS PROBLEMS