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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management
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Operating Systems and File Management
Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management
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Operating System Basics
• Operating System Activities
• User Interfaces
• The Boot Process
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Operating System Activities
• What is an operating system?
• What does it manage?
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Operating System Activities
• Multitasking
• Multithreading
• Multiprocessing
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Operating System Activities
• Operating System Categories– Single-user operating system– Multiuser operating system– Network operating system– Desktop operating system
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User Interfaces
• What is a user interface?
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Today’s Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows
• Mac OS
• UNIX and Linux
• DOS
• Handheld Operating Systems
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Microsoft Windows
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Mac OS
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Mac OSDual Boot vs. PC-Emulation
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UNIX and Linux
• Unix is a mainframe OS
• Linux can run on PCs or mainframes
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DOS
• What is DOS?
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Handheld Operating Systems
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File Basics
• File Names and Extensions
• File Directories and Folders
• File Formats
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File Names and Extensions
• File-naming conventions– Maximum length– Prohibited characters– No reserved words– Case sensitivity
• File extensions
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File Directories and Folders
• An operating system maintains a directory for each disk, tape, CD, DVD, or USB flash drive
• File location
C:\My Documents\ResearchPaper.doc
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File Formats
• File association list
• File extension
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File Formats• Native file format
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File Formats
An easy way to convert a filefrom one format to another isto open it with an applicationthat supports both file formats,and then use the Save As dialogbox to select an alternativefile format.
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File Management
• Application-based File Management
• File Management Utilities
• File Management Metaphors
• Windows Explorer
• File Management Tips
• Physical File Storage
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Application-based File Management
• Applications typically provide a way to open files and save them in a specific folder on a storage device
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Application-based File Management
The Save As dialog boxnot only helps you namea file and designate itsdestination drive, butalso allows you torename files, delete files, create folders, andrename folders.
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File Management Utilities
• File management utilities
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File Management Metaphors
• Storage metaphors
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Windows Explorer
• Windows Explorer
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File Management Tips
• Use descriptive names
• Maintain file extensions
• Group similar files
• Organize your folders from the top down
• Consider using the My Documents default directory
• Do not mix data files and program files
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File Management Tips
• Don’t store files in the root directory
• Access files from the hard disk
• Follow copyright rules
• Delete or archive files you no longer need
• Be aware of storage locations
• Back up
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Physical File Storage
• Physical storage model
• Formatting
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Physical File Storage
Windows includes a floppy disk formatting utility, which can be accessed from the A: (Floppy disk) icon in the My Computer window or Windows Explorer.
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Physical File Storage
• The file system keeps track of the names and locations of files– NTFS
– FAT32
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Physical File Storage
• Deleting a file
• Files in the Windows Recycle Bin and similar utilities can be undeleted
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Physical File Storage• Fragmented files
• Defragmentation utilities
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Backup Security
• Backup Basics
• Data File Backup
• System Backup
• Boot and Recovery Disks
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Backup Basics
• What is a backup?
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Backup Basics
• Your backup schedule depends on how much data you can afford to lose
• You should run an up-to-date virus check as the first step in your backup routine
• The backup device you select depends on the value of your data, your current equipment, and your budget
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Backup Basics
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Data File Backup
• CD or DVD drive can be used to backup personal files
• Store all files to be backed up in the same location
• It’s good to backup everything
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Data File Backup
• To restore from a data file backup, copy files from your backup to your hard disk
• System Restore (Windows Me and XP) and System Protection (Windows Vista)
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System Backup• Backup software
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System Backup
• Full backup
• Differential backup
• Incremental backup
• Keep more than one set of backups
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Boot and Recovery Disks• A boot disk is a removable storage
medium containing the operating system files needed to boot your computer without accessing the hard disk– Format has an option to create a DOS boot
disk
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Boot and Recovery Disks• A recovery disk loads
hardware drivers and user settings as well as the operating system– Sometimes included with
new computer systems– The Windows XP Backup
utility creates a set of Automated System Recovery disks
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Boot and Recovery Disks
• You can create a custom recovery CD that contains your computer’s current settings and device drivers
• Norton Ghost is a product of Symantec, which also provides a more specialized recovery disk called the Symantec Recovery Disk
• Certain PC manufacturers have pre-installed Norton Ghost and the recovery environment on some of their computers
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Chapter 4 Complete
Operating Systems and File Management
