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Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

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Page 1: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Chapter 4: Respiration

aka: Getting energy from the cake

Page 2: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake.

The plant takes the raw materials (CO2 & H2O), puts them together using energy (heat), & synthesize the cake.

In order to get the energy out of the cake, the plant & us must ingest it (eat), digest it (break it down into its monomers) & then we must “burn it” to release the energy stored in the bonds of the cake.

THIS IS RESPIRATION

Relationship between photosynthesis and Respiration video

Page 3: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

How do we get the energy out of the food that we have consumed?

Page 4: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Cellular Respiration Is the process by which organisms obtain the energy that they need by releasing the chemical energy (ATP) stored in nutrients (Glucose) It can occur with oxygen: AerobicOr without oxygen: Anaerobic

Page 5: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

The route from food to energy

Goes through Glycolysis

Then

With oxygenAerobic RespirationMakes a lot

of ATP

Without oxygen

Fermentation

Alcoholic

Lactic Acid

GLUCOSE

Page 6: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Two Types of Respiration

Aerobic Respiration – needs oxygen to release the energy in food

C6H12O6  +  6O2    6CO2  +  6 H2O  + 38 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration – can release the energy from food without the need of oxygen. (Some bacteria & yeast)

C6H12O6    2CO2  +  2 Ethyl alcohol  +  2 ATP

C6H12O6    Lactic acid + 2ATP

Page 7: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

All cells begin with the Anaerobic phase of Respiration called Glycolysis

1. Glycolysis Glen

Glucose (6 Carbons) is broken down into 2 Pyruvate(3 Carbons each) molecules but needed 2 ATP (activation energy) to get the reaction started

Produces 4 ATP, netting 2 ATP2 ATP

2ADP + P 2ATP

Page 8: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

After Glycolysis, if no oxygen is present, then, Anaerobic Respiration occurs Also known as Fermentation

Occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast & some bacterial cells

Since the organism are very small & simple, they do not need much ATP.

2 ATP per molecule of glucose is plenty.

Cytoplasm

Page 9: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Fermentation

The 2 Pyruvic Acids will break down into:

1. Alcohol + CO2 (if yeast & some bacteria)

C6H12O6    2CO2  +  2 Ethanol  +  2 ATP

2. Lactic Acid (some bacteria)

C6H12O6    Lactic acid + 2ATP

Both forms will not produce

any more ATP molecules

Page 10: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Uses for Fermentation Yeast & some bacteria

Alcoholic Fermentation is used in baking, wine making & brewing industry

Bacteria

Lactic acid production is used in cheese processing, buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles. The souring of dairy products is actually the production of lactic acid by anaerobic bacteria

Page 11: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake
Page 12: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Aerobic Respiration

Occurs in the Mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells

Yields more ATP per molecule of glucose (38 molecules) of ATP/Glucose

Occurs in 3 basic steps:1. Glycolysis2. Krebs Cycle3. Electron Transport chain

Page 13: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

1.GlycolysisUsing 2 ATP as activation energy, a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 Pyruvate molecules. 4 ATP are produced, leaving 2 ATP netted Occurs in cytoplasm (just like anaerobic respiration)

2.Krebs Cycle – in the Mitochondria, the 2 pyruvates are broken down, releasing 6CO2 & producing 2 ATP

3.Electron Transport Chain – Oxygen (the final electron acceptor) combines with hydrogen to produce WATER

34 ATP are produced

Page 14: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Krebs Cycle – releases all the Carbons, Hydrogens and oxygen from the Pyruvate molecules

2 Carbon Dioxides

Carbon Dioxide

Page 15: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Energy Tally from Aerobic Respiration

34 ATP

38 ATP

Page 16: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Muscle Fatigue You are a big organism & need a lot of ATP to keep you fueled.

At times though, you may not be breathing correctly & therefore, aren’t taking in enough O2 to remain an aerobic organism.

During this time, your body (muscle cells) convert to anaerobic respiration to give you some ATP.

Hey 2 ATP are better than none!

Lactic acid accumulates in your muscle cells, acid burns the cells, causing you to cramp up & thus stop your activity & breathe normally

Feel the burn!!!!

Page 17: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Section 4.4 Review—Part A

Where does glycolysis take place?

What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?

When does fermentation occur?

What are the two different types of fermentation?

Cytoplasm of all cells

IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 2, 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate

When oxygen is not present

Lactic acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

Page 18: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Aerobic Respiration

Occurs _______glycolysis

Only in __

Requires _________ _________ process

Takes place inside the

_____________

the presence of oxygen

Aerobic

after

oxygen

Mitochondria

Page 19: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

In the mitochondria! _______________ are organelles that convert

the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Mitochondria

Page 20: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1.Kreb’s cycle

oPyruvate is broken down and released as ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions 2 ATP are generated

CO2

In: 2 Pyruvates

Out: 2 CO2 & 2 ATP

Page 21: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration

2.__________ ___________ ________oUses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATP

o _____________ are produced

Electron transport chain

34 ATP

In: O2

OUT: H2O + 34ATPMOST ATP are

produced in the ELECTON

TRANSPORT CHAIN

Page 22: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Section 4.4 Review—Part B1. Where does aerobic respiration take place?

2. What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?

3. What goes into electron transport? What comes out?

4. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Mitochondria

IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2

IN: Oxygen OUT: Water and ATP!!!

Reactants of one are basically the products of the other

Page 23: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

1.What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with each?

2.What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?

3.How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?

4.Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?

5.Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?

RESPIRATION REVIEW

Glycolosis -2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – 34 ATP

Glucose

Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs and ETC in the mitochondria

Only produces 2 ATP

Lactic Acid

Page 24: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.

6. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? 7. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?

8. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2?

9. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?

10. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?

11. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?

RESPIRATION SCENERIO

Lactic acid_

Pick up hydrogen atoms

Krebs Cycle

ATP produces heat and sweat cools the body

Water

Drink water

Page 25: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

Light energy chemical energy

Chloroplasts

Water + CO2

+ LightOxygen + Sugar

Water + CO2

+ ATPOxygen + Sugar

Water + CO2 + Light

Oxygen + Sugar

Oxygen + SugarWater + CO2 + ATP

Cytoplasm + Mitochondria

Sugar ATP

Page 26: Chapter 4: Respiration aka: Getting energy from the cake

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? The reactants of one reaction are the

products of the other reaction. They are the reverse processes of each other

Respiration

C6H12O6  +  6O2    6CO2  +  6 H2O  + ENERGY Photosynthesis