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Chapter 43
Agents Used in the Treatment of Skin Disorders
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Skin
The largest organ Several functions
Protective barrier—microbials and trauma Senses temperature changes Secretes wastes through sweat glands Stores fat Synthesizes vitamin D Provides a site for drug absorption
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Drug Classification of Dermatological Agents
Emollients Keratolytics Local anesthetic agents Local antipruritic agents Antibacterial agents
(continues)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Drug Classification of Dermatological Agents
Antiviral agents Antifungal agents Anti-inflammatory agents Antiparasiticidal agents
(continued)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Additional Dermatologic Agents
Debriding agents Antineoplastic agents Burn treatment agents Eczema agents Psoriasis agents Topical hair agents Agents for diabetic foot ulcer
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topicals
Ointment Gel or jelly Oil Cream
Vaginal cream
Paste Aerosol foam Aerosol spray Lotion Powder
Available in a variety of forms
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Dermatologic Classifications
This presentation will discuss three dermatologic classifications:
Topical debriding agents Eczema treatments Psoriasis treatments
Several classifications, such as antimicrobials, were discussed in previous chapters and are not discussed here.
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topical Debriding Agents
Purpose Remove dead skin Promote healing
(continues)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topical Debriding Agents
Made of enzymes General action
Digest dead necrotic tissue Specific action
Made of enzymes that digest: Collagen: collagenase (Santyl) Fibrin in a blood clot: fibrinolysin (Elase)
(continued)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Eczema
S & S of acute or chronic conditions Area appears inflamed Skin may be dry and may include wet or
weepy drainage Definition
Inflammatory skin condition. Symptoms are pustules, redness, vesicles, crusts, skin thickening, and persistent itching and burning.
(continues)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Eczema
Drug agent Pimecrolimus (Elidel) Topical immunomodulator Adverse effects
Site irritation Headache
(continued)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Psoriasis
A chronic skin condition Consists of painful reddened papules that form
plaques with distinct borders Other patches appear as silvery yellow-white
scales Usually located
Elbows, scalp, knees, and genitalia
(continues)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Psoriasis
Drug agent Alefacept (Amevive)
Immunosuppressant Stops the activity of T lymphocytes Given intramuscularly Adverse effects
• Infection
(continued)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topical Application Methods
Depend on the etiology of the skin problem
Require thorough cleansing of the skin before the agent is applied or reapplied
Must be applied appropriately or the agents will not work
