Chapter 5Chapter 5

Beginnings of an Beginnings of an American American IdentityIdentity

Should colonies join Should colonies join together?together?

THINK about this…THINK about this… All the colonies have their own All the colonies have their own

government, their own laws – should government, their own laws – should they join together?they join together?– WHY?WHY?– WHY NOT?WHY NOT?

Benjamin Franklin cartoon – superstition says that a snake cut into pieces would come back to life if the pieces were joined.

Colonial Life & SocietyColonial Life & Society Land was plentiful (lots of it) once Land was plentiful (lots of it) once

Native Americans were pushed offNative Americans were pushed off– Land ownerships had privileges – white Land ownerships had privileges – white

male landowners could vote male landowners could vote– Land ownership determined social position Land ownership determined social position

– important in all the colonies– important in all the colonies

SOCIAL RANKS IN THE COLONIESSOCIAL RANKS IN THE COLONIES

High Rank in SocietyHigh Rank in Society

Large landowners, church officials, government Large landowners, church officials, government officialsofficials

Middle Rank in SocietyMiddle Rank in Society

Small farmers who owned land (most colonists)Small farmers who owned land (most colonists)

Low Rank in SocietyLow Rank in Society

Servants, slaves, hired workersServants, slaves, hired workers

Women & Young PeopleWomen & Young People Women worked at homeWomen worked at home – – cooked, cooked,

churned butter, made soap, wove cloth, sewingchurned butter, made soap, wove cloth, sewing Women had no rightsWomen had no rights

– Could not voteCould not vote– Could not hold office in churchCould not hold office in church– Married woman could not own propertyMarried woman could not own property– Money she earned belonged to her husband.Money she earned belonged to her husband.

Families were large – many childrenFamilies were large – many children (average of 6-8 children) (average of 6-8 children) WHY do you think?WHY do you think?

Children as young as 3 or 4 were expected to workChildren as young as 3 or 4 were expected to work (worked on farms, gather berries, (worked on farms, gather berries, learned a craft)learned a craft)

BoysBoys became became apprenticesapprentices – – they learned a trade from an experienced they learned a trade from an experienced craftsman – worked for free to learn trade, then start own business.craftsman – worked for free to learn trade, then start own business.

School in ColoniesSchool in Colonies

Education was valued Education was valued across all the coloniesacross all the colonies

Children taught to Children taught to read so they could read so they could understand the Bibleunderstand the Bible

By the middle of the By the middle of the 1700s - a high literacy 1700s - a high literacy rate (many colonists rate (many colonists could read)could read)

Newspapers in the ColoniesNewspapers in the Colonies Newspapers became VERY Newspapers became VERY

important in coloniesimportant in colonies

Newspapers helped to bring the Newspapers helped to bring the colonies together by keeping colonies together by keeping them informed of each others them informed of each others happenings.happenings.

With no radio, TV, computer, telephones – With no radio, TV, computer, telephones – this was the colonists ONLY information this was the colonists ONLY information sourcesource

How they found out what was going on in otherHow they found out what was going on in other coloniescolonies

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening Religious faith & passion started Religious faith & passion started

to decreaseto decrease – – religion was dull & dryreligion was dull & dry the Great Awakeningthe Great Awakening - a religious - a religious

movement that swept through all movement that swept through all the coloniesthe colonies– Preachers traveled around preaching Preachers traveled around preaching

about God & the importance of about God & the importance of religionreligion

– Jonathan Edwards – one of the best-Jonathan Edwards – one of the best-known preachers - promised people known preachers - promised people could be saved by God.could be saved by God.

Lasted for years…religious groups formed Lasted for years…religious groups formed and churches gained 20,000 to 50,000 and churches gained 20,000 to 50,000 membersmembers

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

Enlightenment is a movement that emphasized reason and science

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin a well - a well -known scientist/inventor known scientist/inventor – Proved lightning was a form of Proved lightning was a form of

electricity, invented stove, electricity, invented stove, invented bifocal eyeglasses, invented bifocal eyeglasses, organized fire dept. & libraryorganized fire dept. & library

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

John LockeJohn Locke (English (English philosopher) argued people philosopher) argued people had natural rights – life, had natural rights – life, liberty, & property.liberty, & property.– People should create

government to protect their natural rights.

– Government would begin to change because of Locke’s ideas

The Rights of EnglishmenThe Rights of EnglishmenA look at English governmentA look at English government

Magna CartaMagna Carta (1215) granted rights to (1215) granted rights to noblemen and freemen.noblemen and freemen. They could:They could:– Not be taxedNot be taxed– Be punished only by a jury of their peersBe punished only by a jury of their peers– Not have their property seizedNot have their property seized

– IMPORTANT because it gave colonists the IMPORTANT because it gave colonists the idea of idea of having basic rightshaving basic rights

Parliament - England’s law-making Parliament - England’s law-making groupgroup– these people were elected by representativesthese people were elected by representatives

– the colonists’ model for representative governmentthe colonists’ model for representative government

Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Most colonial governments Most colonial governments

were organized this way in were organized this way in the 1700s:the 1700s:

British King – in England

Royal Governor – in colonies

Council – in coloniesAppointed by Governor

Colonial Assembly – in coloniesElected by colonists

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect – England – England interfered very little in colonial affairsinterfered very little in colonial affairs

Zenger TrialZenger Trial In 1735, In 1735, John Peter ZengerJohn Peter Zenger

was put on trial for publishing was put on trial for publishing criticism of the governmentcriticism of the government

Zenger’s lawyer argued that Zenger’s lawyer argued that people had the right to speak people had the right to speak the truththe truth

Moved closer to establishing Moved closer to establishing freedom of the pressfreedom of the press– Closer to getting rights Closer to getting rights

for colonists for colonists

FREEDOM FREEDOM OF THE OF THE PRESSPRESS

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War The French were exploring Northern The French were exploring Northern

America while English colonists were America while English colonists were settling near the eastern coast.settling near the eastern coast.– French claimed the Ohio River Valley, French claimed the Ohio River Valley,

territory of Louisiana (from Rocky Mtns. to territory of Louisiana (from Rocky Mtns. to Appalachian Mtns.), Mississippi River ValleyAppalachian Mtns.), Mississippi River Valley

Fur tradingFur trading with the Indians brought the French and with the Indians brought the French and Indians close in some areas. Indians close in some areas. – also brought the British close with the Indiansalso brought the British close with the Indians

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War The fur tradeThe fur trade created alliances created alliances

((partnershipspartnerships) between the Indians ) between the Indians and their trading partners.and their trading partners.

France & England declared war on each other in France & England declared war on each other in Europe.Europe.– French and English colonists in Americas also began to fight French and English colonists in Americas also began to fight

each other because of the wareach other because of the war..

With the help of their Native American With the help of their Native American friends, friends, the French & British began attacking the French & British began attacking each others settlements and forts.each others settlements and forts.

Ohio River Valley

Fighting over this area

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War In the war in Europe, there was no In the war in Europe, there was no

clear winner.clear winner. The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War (1754- (1754-

1763) War between the French and 1763) War between the French and the British that would determine who the British that would determine who would control the Ohio River Valley. would control the Ohio River Valley.

The war began when British fur The war began when British fur traders began moving into the traders began moving into the Ohio Ohio River ValleyRiver Valley (controlled by the French) (controlled by the French)

The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War Major George Washington (21 years Major George Washington (21 years

old) was sent to old) was sent to tell the French to leave tell the French to leave the Ohio River the Ohio River Valley.Valley.– Not successfulNot successful

The Albany Plan of UnionThe Albany Plan of Union

Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union – Benjamin – Benjamin Franklin’s idea – proposal to unite all Franklin’s idea – proposal to unite all 13 colonies to fight against the 13 colonies to fight against the French. French.

First formal proposal to unite the First formal proposal to unite the colonies colonies DID NOT WORK!DID NOT WORK!

Why was the plan defeated?Why was the plan defeated?• colonies did not want to give up colonies did not want to give up control of their own affairs. control of their own affairs.• colonies had their own governments, colonies had their own governments, laws, and did not want to give that up laws, and did not want to give that up

The turning point in The French & Indian The turning point in The French & Indian WarWar

Battle of QuebecBattle of Quebec – the British won – the British won Quebec, Canada (the capital city of Quebec, Canada (the capital city of New France)New France)– By the end of the 1758, all of Canada was By the end of the 1758, all of Canada was

in British hands.in British hands.THE END of the French & Indian THE END of the French & Indian

WarWar Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris – ended the War. Britain got all the – ended the War. Britain got all the

land east of the Mississippi River. land east of the Mississippi River. Britain won!!!Britain won!!! Results of the war:Results of the war:

– Spain claimed land West of the Mississippi R.Spain claimed land West of the Mississippi R.– France was out of North America for good!!France was out of North America for good!!

Before F&I Before F&I WarWar

After F&I After F&I WarWar

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 –colonists –colonists

could not settle west of the could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.Appalachian Mountains.

This angered colonists.This angered colonists. The British government wanted colonists The British government wanted colonists

to help pay for the French & Indian War.to help pay for the French & Indian War.

– WHY NOT PAY? Because they would WHY NOT PAY? Because they would not let them settle west of the not let them settle west of the Appalachians.Appalachians.

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

Could not settle here – west of the line – in the OHIO RIVER VALLEY

Proclamation Line

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The Colonies Join TogetherThe Colonies Join Together After the French & Indian War, the After the French & Indian War, the

colonies were drawn together and colonies were drawn together and became “one”became “one”

AMERICAN IDENTITYAMERICAN IDENTITYAMERICAN IDENTITY

Back to Home

Religion important; Great Awakening spreads religious feeling across colonies

Religion

Colonists publish own newspapersand books

Publishing

EconomyBetter economic opportunities; more chance of owning land

Education

High reading rate; children educated to read Bible

Political Ideas

Colonists expect "rights of Englishmen" and hold Enlightenment belief that people can change their government

War

French and Indian War unites colonists against common enemies

Becoming American…1689-1753