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Gi`hug `ke Gyf`k Rir|mbi Bjffmuuii & H_ 2> _isjru & Eibifoir 09(?300

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fmke ~i kiieie `lmk`kbm`h `k`h}u jljfijru+ /

(++( Ljrfir EGGR efmkmur`ujr

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Iwibyum|i Ryff`r}

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j|irmngu+

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EGGR l`mhie uj bjjsir`ui ~mug ugi `yemu iw`fmk`umjk+

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Jk Ayki 09(?33=( EGGR mkmum`uie ugi L`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf o} ikuirmkn mkuj mfshifiku`umjkbjkur`bu uju`hmkn %> fmhhmjk ~mug mw srj|meir+ Ugi syrsji jl ugii `nriifiku ~` uj h`} uginrjyke~jrd( ugrjyng gmrmkn `ke ur`mkmkn u`ll `ke syrbg`mkn kiieie ipymsfiku( ljr ugi sh`kkiesrm|`umq`umjk jl bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi mk Kior`d`+

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Ugi ei|ihjsfiku mk jki s`rumbyh`r ir|mbi `ri` mhhyur`ui ugi emuyromkn mfshmb`umjk jl ugiimkbri`ie bju+ Mk ugi I`uirk ir|mbi `ri`( bgmhe ~ihl`ri b`i ~iri mkmum`hh} em|meie oiu~iikugrii emlliriku srm|`ui bjkur`bujr1 \mmkiu( Mkb+ '\mmkiu-4 Kior`d` L`fmhmi Bjhh`ojr`um|i'KLB-4 `ke D\B Oig`|mjr`h Gi`hugb`ri Kior`d`( Mkb+ 'D\B-+ Bjfsik`umjk ljr ir|mbirikeirie ~` g`rie `fjkn ugji srj|meir+ Eyrmkn lmb`h }i`r ?300( `luir ugi eis`ruyri jl

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nji( r`ugir ug`k uj yssjrumkn ikg`kbie bhmiku ir|mbi( emribuh} mkuj ugi sjbdiu jl bjrsjr`uijllmbir+ Mk jki mku kbi( ` mnkmlmb`ku yf jl fjki} s`me uj ugi srm|`ui bjkur`bujr ykeir ugiL`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf ike ys hi`|mkn ugm Ru`ui+ Ugi bg`ru oihj~ mhhyur`ui ugm sjmku(ri|i`hmkn gj~ s`}fiku ribim|ie o} D\B lhj~ emribuh} uj mu s`riku bjrsjr`umjk( D\B Gi`hugR}uif( Mkb+ & ugi bjrsjr ui gi`epy ruir jl~gmbg m hjb`uie mk Jh`ugi( DR+

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Mk hmngu jl ugi i|ikuy`h eil`yhu jl fjri ug`k g`hl jl ugi srj|meir ihibuie( mu m `ss`riku ug`uEGGR imugir h`bdie ugi iwsirumi uj iw`fmki ugi py`hmlmb`umjk jl ugji srm|`ui bjkur`bujr jr~` mfsh} mkemlliriku uj ugi lmk`kbm`h mfshmb`umjk jl bjkur`bumkn ~mug ikumumi ~gji oymkio`bdnrjyke bjku`mkie nh`rmkn mkemb`ujr jl ykymu`omhmu}+ Mk `eemumjk uj oimkn `ohi uj gihsj|irbjfi imugir jl ugii gjrubjfmkn( mu m sjmohi ug`u E@R bjyhe g`|i `muie mk lmkemkn

fjri `ke oiuuir py`hmlmie `sshmb`ku+

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irrjr r`ui ~` >9+=)( mkemb`umkn ug`u ugi `fjyku jl s`}fiku uj ugi ~rjkn bjkur`bujr bjyhe oi

` gmng ` %595(555+

Lmk`kbm`h _ibjre ^iri Kju Jou`mkie @luir Bjkur`bu Uirfmk`uie1 Jk @srmh 09( ?303(\mmkiu bhjie mu ejjr( `ke mu ir|mbi bjkur`bu ~mug EGGR ~iri jllmbm`hh} uirfmk`uie illibum|i

@srmh ?3( ?303+ Mk bjkbhyemkn mu oymki rih`umjkgms ~mug ug`u ljrfir bjkur`bujr( EGGR l`mhieuj jou`mk `hh lmk`kbm`h `ke ir|mbi eihm|ir} ribjre kiieie ojug uj yssjru ugi iuuhifiku `fjykus`me `ke uj |irml} ug`u bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi g`e oiik srj|meie mk `bbjre`kbi ~mug ugi uirf jl

ugi uirfmk`uie ir|mbi bjkur`bu+

O} kju u`dmkn sjimjk jl \mmkiu. ribjre( EGGR kinhibuie `hj uj ikyri ug`u sjuikum`hh}bjklmeikum`h bhmiku mkljrf`umjk bjku`mkie ugirimk ~jyhe oi srjuibuie+ Rsibmlmb`hh}( EGGR emekju ibyri jfi 2(333 ojwi jl ir|mbi&rih`uie ejbyfiku yff`rmh} emb`reie ~gik \mmkiubi`ie oymki jsir`umjk+ Srmjr uj ugimr eiurybumjk( ugi ljrfir ir|mbi srj|meir iwsrih}mk|muie EGGR uj u`di sjimjk jl ugji ribjre+ Gj~i|ir( EGGR emrin`reie mu eyu} uj

bjklmrf ug`u bhmiku mkljrf`umjk ~` srjsirh} `liny`reie+ Oib`yi kj jki ~` `ohi uj srj|mei

`k iwsh`k`umjk jl~gik( ~giri( jr gj~ ugjy`ke jl ojwi jl \mmkiu lmhi ~iri eiurj}ie & jkh}ug`u ugi} ~iri kj hjknir `|`mh`ohi `ke ~iri emsjie jl srmjr uj ugm `yemu iw`fmk`umjk & ugiri`ri `hj bjkbirk rin`remkn bjfshm`kbi ~mug ugi Gi`hug Mkyr`kbi Sjru`omhmu} `ke @bbjyku`omhmu}@bu jl 0==< 'GMS@@-+

Eyi uj ugi l`mhyri uj jou`mk ugi ribjre mk pyiumjk( EGGR bjyhe srj|mei ugi @S @ ~mug jkh} |ir}fmkmf`h ejbyfiku`umjk rin`remkn \mmkiu. jsir`umjk+ Ugji ejbyfiku h`bdie ugi ljhhj~mkn10- yobjkur`bujr mk|jmbi yofmuuie uj \mmkiu4 ?- s`}fiku f`ei uj yobjkur`bujr `ke ljuirs`riku4 2- o`kd mkljrf`umjk4 5- `bbjyku s`}`ohi `ke ribim|`ohi4 9- bjkur`bu oiu~iik \mmkiu`ke yobjkur`bujr `ke ljuir s`riku4 <- bhmiku ir|mbi r`ui bgieyhi4 >- bhmiku sh`bifiku`nriifiku4 7- ifshj}ii umfigiiu4 =- s`}rjhh ribjre4 03- `ke jugir mkljrf`umjk siru`mkmkn uj

ugi ir|mbi eihm|ir} `ke bjjremk`umjk bjkur`bu+ ^mugjyu `bbi uj ugji \mmkiu ribjre( ugi@S @ ~` yk`ohi uj myi `k jsmkmjk ` uj ~giugir ugi lmk`kbm`h bgieyhi ljr EGGR.

iwsikemuyri ykeir ugi L`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf( ljr ugi sirmje Ayh} 0( ?33=( ugrjyng F`rbg 20(?300( ~` sriikuie bjrribuh}( mk `hh f`uirm`h risibu( mk ugm risjru+

EGGR L`mhie uj _ibjkbmhi Rir|mbi Srj|meir Omhhmkn mk KLJBYR1 EGGR l`mhie uj ikyri ug`uir|mbi srj|meir bh`mf mkljrf`umjk bjku`mkie mk ugi Kior`d` L`fmh} Jkhmki Bhmiku Yir R}uif'KLJBYR- ~` ojug byrriku `ke `bbyr`ui+ @ bjfs`rmjk jl ir|mbi srj|meir omhhmkn iku ujEGGR ~mug bjrrisjkemkn bh`mf ljyke mk KLJBYR( oiu~iik Kj|ifoir jl ?33= `ke F`rbg jl

?300( ri|i`hie mkbjkmuikbmi uju`hmkn fjri ug`k %?7 fmhhmjk ejhh`r `ke e`umkn o`bd ljr `hfjuu~j }i`r+ Ugii |`rm`kbi `ri `uurmoyu`ohi uj sjjr j|irmngu `ke `bbjyku diismkn( `r ~ihh `

l`yhu} e`u` ikur}( o} EGGR+ @u kj sjmku( mu `ssi`r( g` EGGR i|ir `uuifsuie uj ribjkbmhibhmiku ir|mbi omhhmkn ribim|ie lrjf bjkur`bujr uj mkljrf`umjk ikuirie mkuj KLJBYR+ @ `riyhu jl ugm irmjy jfmmjk( fybg jl ugi bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi e`u` bjku`mkie mk KLJBYR mkimugir byrriku kjr bjfshiui+

Oib`yi KLJBYR ir|i ` ugi srmf`r} risjmujr} jl mkljrf`umjk siru`mkmkn uj EGGR bhmiku`ke ir|mbi( ugi l`mhyri uj ribjkbmhi srj|meir omhhmkn uj ug`u e`u`o`i eisrm|ie EGGR jl

|irmlm`ohi ejbyfiku`umjk ysjk ~gmbg uj o`i s`}fiku ljr ir|mbi+ L`r fjri mfsjru`kuh}( eyi

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uj ugi mk`eipy`b} jl ugi KLJBYR ribjre( EGGR h`bdie ` lykbumjk`h fibg`kmf ljr fjkmujrmkn

ugi ~ihh oimkn( mkbhyemkn ugi srjsir uri`ufiku `ke b`ri( jl bgmherik mk Ru`ui byuje}+ Ugy( mk

`eemumjk uj gj~mkn gj~ l`r ugi L`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf g` l`hhik gjru jl iwsibu`umjk jl

mkbri`ie lmk`kbm`h `bbjyku`omhmu}( ugi l`mhyri jl EGGR uj ikyri ugi `bbyr`b} jl omhhmkn

mkljrf`umjk mk KLJBYR g` `buy`hh} mkbri`ie ugi |yhkir`omhmu} jl ugi |ir} bgmherik ~gjf ugi

riljrf ~` yssjie uj gihs+

Rir|mbi Srj|meir L`mhie uj Fiiu Bhmiku Rir|mbi Bjjremk`umjk `ke Eihm|ir} Oikbgf`rd1 Ugi

lm|i srm|`ui bjkur`bujr ihibuie o} EGGR uj srj|mei ir|mbi ykeir ugi L`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf

`nriie uj u`di bjkurjh jl bhmiku b`i lrjf EGGR `bbjremkn uj sirbiku`ni ljyke mk ` ur`kmumjk

bgieyhi rilirikbie mk ugi ir|mbi bjkur`bu+ ^mug ugi s`mkn jl i`bg fjkug( oiu~iik

Kj|ifoir ?33= `ke F`rbg jl ?303( ugi ir|mbi srj|meir ~iri iwsibuie uj `yfi `k

mkbri`mknh} h`rni sirbiku`ni jl EGGR. bhmiku b`i hj`e( ` sibmlmb`hh} jyuhmkie mk ugi ur`kmumjk

bgieyhi( ljr ` s`rumbyh`r ir|mbi `ri`+ Yhumf uih}( ugm nr`ey`h ur`kmumjk srjbi ~` uj ormkn

`ojyu ugi bjfshiui srm|`umq`umjk jl bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi+

Ugi `yemu iw`fmk`umjk ri|i`hie ug`u ugi bjkur`bujr l`mhie uj fiiu ugi ripymrie bjkur`buy`hsirbiku`ni ljr ur`kmumjkmkn bhmiku ir|mbi bjjremk`umjk `ke eihm|ir} & `bbyfyh`umkn gjrul`hh

ug`u r`knie lrjf 0) uj 07)+ Ryrsrmmknh}( ugi ir|mbi bjkur`bu bjku`mkie kj sik`humi ljr

l`mhyri uj fiiu ugii sirmjemb oikbgf`rd+ Ugy( ugi ir|mbi srj|meir bjkumkyie uj ribim|i lyhh

bjfsik`umjk eismui g`|mkn l`mhie uj fiiu ugimr bjkur`buy`h johmn`umjk+ Oib`yi lmb`h }i`r

?303 bjkur`bu `fjyku ~iri o`ie jk ugi ur`kmumjk sirbiku`ni sibmlmie( fjrij|ir( EGGR

mkbyrrie `eemumjk`h bju o} bjkumkymkn uj srj|mei bhmiku ir|mbi ljr ~gmbg ugi bjkur`bujr ~iri

`hri`e} oimkn s`me+

Ljrfir Ifshj}ii jlRir|mbi Srj|meir Bjkumkyie uj @bbi KLJBYR E`u`1 EGGR eme kju

ri|jdi mk ` umfih} f`kkir ugi KLJBYR `bbi ljr ?5 ljrfir ifshj}ii jl ir|mbi srj|meir+

@ ` riyhu( ugji yk`yugjrmqie mkem|mey`h ~iri `ohi uj bjkumkyi `bbimkn & `ke( `u hi`u( jkisirjk ~` ljyke uj g`|i ejki j & bhmiku ir|mbi e`u` bjku mkie mk KLJBYR e`} `luir ugimr

ifshj}fiku g`e oiik uirfmk`uie+

Ugi `omhmu} uj riurmbu KLJBYR `bbi eisike( uj ` h`rni einrii( ysjk ugi bjjsir`umjk jl ugi

bjkur`bujr( ~gj `ri risjkmohi ljr mkljrfmkn EGGR mffiem`uih} ~gik ~jrdir g`|i bi`ie

ifshj}fiku+ Gj~i|ir( i|ik ~gik kjumlmie ~mugmk ` e`} jl ` uirfmk`uie ifshj}fiku( EGGR

eih`}ie o} ` fybg ` ugrii ~iid ri|jdmkn ugi KLJBYR `bbi jl ugi ljrfir ifshj}ii+

EGGR L`mhie uj @ssrj|i Ryobjkur`bujr jr Ikyri Ugimr Srjsir Bjfsik`umjk1 Ykeir ugi

ir|mbi bjkur`bu( `hh jl ugi lm|i srj|meir ~iri iwsrih} ripymrie uj jou`mk ugi `ssrj|`h jl

EGGR srmjr uj yumhmqmkn yobjkur`bujr ljr bhmiku ir|mbi+ Gj~i|ir( EGGR `ssi`r uj g`|inr`kuie ug`u `ssrj|`h mk ` sirlykbujr} l`gmjk+ @ ` riyhu( kimugir ugi py`hmlmb`umjk kjr ugi

ymu`omhmu} jl ugi yobjkur`bujr ~iri srjsirh} |irmlmie+

U~j yobjkur`bujr( ORF( Mkb+( `ke L`fmh} Rdmhh Oymhemkn Rir|mbi( HHB( 'LROR- ~iri ljyke uj

oi ymkn ~jrdir ~gj h`bdie `ssrjsrm`ui brieikum`h uj srj|mei bhmiku ir|mbi+ Ugji mw

ifshj}ii g`e kimugir ` O`bgihjr. einrii kjr ` u`ll ipym|`hikb} siumumjk `ssrj|ie o} ugi

EGGR ir|mbi `ri` Bjkur`bu Hm`mjk( ` ripymrie o} ugi ir|mbi bjkur`bu+ Ugi mffiem`ui srmjr

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ifshj}fiku jl u~j ~jrdir g`e oiik u U`bj Oihh `ke ^`hf`ru & kimugir jl ~gmbg m `kiu`ohmgfiku dkj~k uj jllir iwuikm|i ur`mkmkn mk ugi lmihe jl bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi+

Mu gjyhe oi kjuie ug`u ugi ykbrieikum`hie ifshj}ii ~iri s`me oiu~iik %03+93 `ke %02+33 sirgjyr+ @u ugi `fi umfi( gj~i|ir( EGGR ~` rimfoyrmkn ugi emribu bjkur`bujr ljr ugi ~jrd jl

ugji `fi ifshj}ii u ` r`ui jl%5>+33 sir gjyr & ejmkn rj ykeir ugi fmu`dik `yfsumjk ug`uybg bjfsik`umjk ~` s`}mkn ljr ugi h`ojr jl py`hmlmie ~jrdir+ Ugy( ugi bjkur`bujr srjlmuieikjrfjyh} lrjf s`}mkn ykpy`hmlmie u`ll ~`ni fybg hj~ir ug`k ~g`u ~jyhe g`|i oiikripymrie uj riu`mk py`hmlmie ~jrdir+ @mei lrjf bri`umkn ` muy`umjk ug`u bjyhe g`|i srj|iksjuikum`hh} eiurmfiku`h uj ugi ~ihl`ri jl ugi bhmiku ir|ie( ugi l`mhyri jl EGGR uj bryumkmqiyobjkur`bujr fjri bhjih} sirfmuuie jfi jl ugif uj ikaj} ` ~mkel`hh mk syohmb lyke `u

u`ws`}ir iwsiki+

Ugi `yemu iw`fmk`umjk ri|i`hie }iu `kjugir `ss`riku bjkipyikbi jl ugi h`bd`e`mmb`h `ssrj`bgu`dik o} EGGR uj~`re `ssrj|`h jl yobjkur`bujr+ ONG yobjkur`buie ~mug FbBjk`yng}Embj|ir} Bikuir( ~gmbg m ` ur`ei k`fi ljr ORF( Mkb+ Ug`u ikumu} ~ mkbjrsjr`uie o}

Ai`kkmki A+ H`ki( ~gj ~` ugi yoaibu jl ` sri|mjy risjru o} ugi @S@+ Ugi risjru ljyke ug`u( `ugi mkbjrsjr`ujr jl @huirk`um|i Hi`rkmkn H`ki( Mkb+( ` bjfs`k} s`me %0+5 fmhhmjk uj srj|mei `bjfsyuir&eihm|irie /`huirk`um|i ieyb`umjk/ srjnr`f ljr `u&rmd uyeiku mk ugi Jn`hh`h` SyohmbRbgjjh Emurmbu 'JSRE-( ojug Ai`kmki A+ H`ki `ke gir ifshj}ii h`bdie ugi ui`bgmkn birumlmb`umjkripymrie o} ugi Kior`d` Eis`rufiku jl Ieyb`umjk uj sirljrf ybg ` ir|mbi+ Ysjk hi`rkmkn jl

ug`u h`bd jl birumlmb`umjk( JSRE uirfmk`uie mu bjkur`bu ~mug @huirk`um|i Hi`rkmkn H`ki( Mkb+

Lmk`hh}( EGGR l`mhie uj iid( fybg hi uj jou`mk( `yr`kbi ug`u ugi yobjkur`bujr f`mku`mksrjsir mkyr`kbi bj|ir`ni( ` ripymrie o} ugi ir|mbi bjkur`bu+ Lyrugirfjri( EGGR f`ei kjilljru uj ikyri ug`u `k} jl ugi lm|i hi`e bjkur`bujr bjfsik`uie( ojug umfih} `ke `eipy`uih}(yobjkur`bujr `ke ljuir s`riku `hmdi ljr ugimr ir|mbi+

H`bd jlBjjsir`umjk o} kGGR1 Eismui ugi l`bu ug`u ugi @S@ m |iuie ~mug u`uyujr} `yugjrmu}uj `bbi `hh ribjre jl `k} syohmb ikumu}( EGGR l`mhie uj srj|mei ugi @S@ ~mug bjfshiui `keumfih} `bbi uj ripyiuie ejbyfiku`umjk+ Ugm h`bd jl bjjsir`umjk kibi`rmh} hmfmuie ugi bjsijl ugi iw`fmk`umjk `ke( uj jfi einrii( mu j|ir`hh illibum|iki & kju uj fikumjk nikir`uie kjf`hh `fjyku jl sibyh`umjk rin`remkn jugir lmkemkn ug`u fmngu g`|i oiik ei|ihjsie g`e lyhh`nikb} bjjsir`umjk oiik ljrugbjfmkn+

Ugi `yemu risjru eibrmoi kyfirjy iw`fshi jl EGGR. l`mhyri uj risjke imugir umfih} jrbjfshiuih}( jr ojug( uj ripyiu ljr mkljrf`umjk+ Mkbmeiku mk|jh|mkn ugrii jr ljyr is`r`uiripyiu( f`ei j|ir ` sirmje jl `hfju ` fjkug jr fjri( ljr ugi `fi ribjre ~iri kju

ykbjffjk+ Ljr mku`kbi( jk Ayki ?3( Ayh} 9( `ke Ayh} 7( ?300( ugi @S@ `die EGGR ljrsibmlmb eiu`mh rin`remkn @fikefiku < `ke > uj ugi ir|mbi bjkur`bu+ Lmk`hh}( jk Ayh} 0=(?300( EGGR srj|meie ` risjki ug`u b`rilyhh} `|jmeie ugi ripyiuie eiu`mh+

Ljhhj~mkn ` Ayh} ??( ?300( iwmu bjklirikbi ug`u mkbhyeie jfi jl ugi `nikb}. ikmjr`efmkmur`ujr( EGGR ~` nm|ik ?7 e`} uj risjke uj lmkemkn embyie mk ugi er`lu `yemurisjru( ` ~ihh ` uj f`di `|`mh`ohi `k} `eemumjk`h rihi|`ku ejbyfiku`umjk( sri|mjyh} ripyiuiejr jugir~mi+ Jk @ynyu 0=(?300( fjrij|ir( EGGR mnkie ` risriiku`umjk hiuuir `irumkn ug`u

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`hh /lmk`kbm`h `ke rih`uie e`u`/ g`e oiik f`ei `|`mh`ohi uj ugi @S@+ Gj~i|ir( uik e`} h`uir( mu

~` embj|irie ug`u `hh ybg mkljrf`umjk g`e kju( mk l`bu( oiik srj|meie+

Fjri eiu`mh rin`remkn ripyiuie mkljrf`umjk kju srj|meie o} EGGR b`k oi ljyke mk ugi lyhh

`yemu risjru+ Ryllmbi mu uj `}( ugm l`mhyri uj `bpymibi ojug srjfsuh} `ke bjfshiuih} uj ribjre

ripyiu( f`ei syry`ku uj iwsri u`uyujr} `yugjrmu}( hi`e uj ugi mkib`s`ohi bjkbhymjk ug`uimugir EGGR gjsie uj gmkeir ugi iw`fmk`umjk o} mkuikumjk`hh} bmrbyf|ikumkn ugi h`~ ripymrmkn

bjjsir`umjk ~mug ugi @S@( jr yssjrumkn ejbyfiku`umjk ljr ugi iwsikemuyri jl fmhhmjk jl

u`ws`}ir ejhh`r mfsh} eji kju iwmu+

Bjkbhyrmjk1 @ ` ~gjhi( ugi lmkemkn kjuie `oj|i & `hjkn ~mug jugir `eeriie mk ugi lyhh `yemu

risjru & mkemb`ui ug`u EGGR g` iwirbmie sjjr lmb h f`k`nifiku `ke bjkurjh j|ir ugi L`fmhmi

F`uuir riljrf+ Ugi bjkipyikbi uj ugi Kior`d` u`ws`}ir g` oiik er`f`umb( mkbhyemkn uik jl

fmhhmjk jl ejhh`r mk mkbri`ie bju ljr bgmhe ~ihl`ri ir|mbi `ke ` bjksmbyjy h`bd jl

lmk`kbm`h `bbjyku`omhmu} ug`u illibum|ih} lryur`ui `k} gjsi jl ur`ks`rikb} ~mug rin`re uj ugi

iwsikemuyri jl rih`uie syohmb lyke+ Nm|ik ugii gjrubjfmkn( ugi L`fmhmi F`uuir riljrf g`

hmuuhi gjsi jl ri`hmqmkn EGGR. nj`h jl ikg`kbmkn ugi illmbmikb} `ke `bbjyku`omhmu} jl bgmhe~ihl`ri ir|mbi( fybg hi jl ejmkn rj /~mugmk iwmumkn rijyrbi+/

Ugi lyhh `yemu risjru m `|`mh`ohi jk ugi @S@ ~iomui `u guus1**~~~+`yemujr+u`ui+ki+y*+

Rmnkie Jrmnmk`h jk Lmhi

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