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Chapter 6 – Cinematography
Cinematography• Camerawork• Lenses & filters• Film stock• Special visual effects
Take
• A single uninterrupted series of frames exposed by a motion picture or camera between the time it is turned on and the time it is turned off.
(Filmmakers shoot several takes, the one that is best is used)
Long take
• Uninterrupted shot of more than one minute
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJEEVtqXdK8
Slow Motion • Recording images at a speed faster than the rate at
which it is projected
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC-6AOjTRY
Fast Motion• Recording images at a rate slower than the speed
of projection
Frozen time moment
(Also called Timetrack, time slice, bullet time) Visual effect that seems to stop time and allows the viewer to travel around the subject and view it from a multitude of vantage points • Combines photography and digital techniqueshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPNBdDNZbYk
Camera Movement
• Pan- The horizontal turning motion of a fixed camera
• Swish Pan – A pan executed so quickly it blurs – usually shows rapid activity or the passage of time
• Tilt – A vertical up and down motion of a fixed camera
• Tracking shot – A technique of moving the camera on a dolly along a specially made track. Often trace character movement laterally across the frame.
• Crane shot - A shot taken from a camera mounted on a crane that moves three dimensionally in space
• Arial shot – A shot taken from an airplane or helicopter
• Handheld shots – Manually held camera shots, usually shaky
• Steadicam – Device worn by camera operator allowing camera to glide smoothly into spaces unreachable by camera mounted to crane or other apparatus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSzjUQ-OsSU
• Rack focus – A change of focus from one plane of depth to another. As the in focus subject goes out of focus , the other subject which had been blurry goes into focus.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxMvHS2fU1E
• Trombone shot-A shot where the camera tracks in toward the subject while the lens zooms out.
• Graphic Match: A shot transition that emphasizes the visual similarities between two consecutive shots
Transitions•Fade in•Fade Out•Dissolve•Wipe• Iris in• Iris Out
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqDhAW3TDR8
Montage Sequence
A series of related scenes joined through editing that indicates the passage of time
Parallel Editing
• A technique of cutting back and forth between action occurring in two different locations, which often creates the illusion that they are happening simultaneously.
• Also called “cross cutting”
Tableau Shot
A long shot in which the film frame resembles the proscenium arch of the stage, distancing the viewer.
The Great Train Robbery 1903http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc7wWOmEGGY
Shot/reverse shot
A standard shot pattern that dictates that a shot of one character will be
followed by a shot of another character, taken from the reverse angle of the first
shot
Eyeline Match
• An editing technique using a character’s line of vision as motivation for a cut.
preserves spatial continuity
Cutaway
• A shot that focuses audience attention on precise details that may or may not be the focus of the characters