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Chapter 7 Nationalism and Sectionalism. Focus Question. How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nations economy?. Transportation Revolution. Roads First roads were dirt trails 1790 created wilderness roads made of logs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 7 Nationalism and Sectionalism
Focus Question
How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nations economy?
Transportation Revolution
RoadsFirst roads were dirt
trails1790 created
wilderness roads made of logs
Used to reach new territories beyond the Cumberland Mountains
Transportation Revolution
Most roads were privately owned
Owner expected to make a profit by collecting a toll
Used a pike that blocked the road
After collecting a toll, the attendant would turn the pike
Transportation Revolution
Steamboats1807 by Robert Fulton
the Clermont, made 150 mile trip in 32 hours
NYC to Albany up the Hudson River
Steam powered ships made it possible for farmers and planters to increase their trade and profits
Transportation Revolution
Canals Erie Canal built by
State of NYLinked Atlantic with
Great Lakes1817 freight charged
19 cents per ton per mile
1830 less than 2 cents per ton per mile
Erie Canal
Farmers no longer depended on the Mississippi passage to New Orleans
Increase the settlement area of the Great Lakes
Transportation Revolution
It turned New York Harbor into America's number one port
Railroad
Began in BritainReplaces ShippingCargoPassenger use31,000 miles of track
by 1860Steam Powered
initially.
Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Began in Britain in the 1700sChanges in the textile or cloth-making
industryBritish inventor created device to make
spinning more efficient
Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
Devices include:Spinning JennyThe water frameThe power loom
Slater Opens First Textile Mill
Samuel Slater Samuel Slater began
the American Industrial Revolution with the construction of the first successful textile mill in 1793
Slater Opens First Textile Mill
Slater, built the first successful water powered textile mill in Pawtucket, RI in 1793
Lowell Builds Fully Operational Mill
Francis Cabot Lowell formed Boston Manufacturing Company
The Boston Manufacturing Company
1813, first factory to operate in which all the processes from raw cotton to finished cloth were completed in a single mill
Eliminated loss of time, labor, and materials
The Boston Manufacturing Company
The rivers made it cheaper for mills to run their factory utilizing water power
Cheap labor of women and children
Easier for mills to produce products
Inventions Transform Industry and AgricultureEli WhitneyWhile making guns
for the government, Realize that if the
parts were all made exactly the same
They could be used on any similar gun
New Methods of Production
Created a system of interchangeable parts
Took 10 years to create 10,000 guns
Could not be sure the parts were exact
Other inventors perfected the the system of Interchangeable parts
Cotton Gin
Whitney learned that Southern planters were in desperate need of a way to make the growing of cotton profitable
Cotton Gin
In 1794 Eli Whitney received a patent for his cotton gin
After the invention of the cotton gin, the yield of raw cotton doubled each decade after 1800
Making cotton the dominate crop in the South
Inventions and Improvements
Shoes and Sewing Machines
Charles GoodyearVulcanized rubber in
1839Didn’t freeze in cold
weather or melt in hot weather
First used to protect boots and shoes from snow and mud, eventually tires
Shoes and Sewing Machines
Elias HoweClothing industryInvented the sewing
machine in 1846First used in shoe
factories
Shoes and Sewing Machines
I.M. SingerAdded the foot
treadle for use in homes- 1851
Price of clothing dropped by 75%,
Allowing more people to afford to buy clothes at a store
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked by having them use machines to do jobs previously done by hand
Daily Quiz
Name the first great canal built in the 1820’s that connects the East to the West.
Erie Canal
Which man played a significant role in creating or introducing the cotton gin, mass production,
interchangeable parts?
Eli Whitney
Name two results of the Erie Canal.
Increase the settlement area of the Great Lakes
was highly profitable for New York
Cities and industries along the canal developed and flourished
Who built a centralized textile factory
Francis Cabot Lowell
What American industry first used machines to do work previously done by hand?
Textiles
Section 2 preview: SECTIONALISM
Focus Question: Why did industrialization take root in the North?
Sectional DifferenceNorth vs. SouthTariff of 1816Factory SystemCotton GinLabor UnionsMiddle Class EmergesEmigration: Ireland/Germans
