Chapter 8- Opposition to slavery 1730-1833 There were two anti slavery movements in the United States

- Notable abolitionist were David Walker, Denmark Vesey Nat turner and William Lloyd Garrison

- The first movement was southern - The southern movement involved Slaves and free African Americans and those The

Second movement was a northern and Upper south movement mostly controlled by whites and free blacks

- In the Upper south blacks could not openly participate with the anti slavery organizations so their participation was done in secret.

- The Northern movement began in the 1730’s with Quakers. They realized that slavery did not match up with their religious beliefs ( Pennsylvania and New Jersey)

- These abolitionist believed in gradual and peaceful abolition. - Gradual abolition- non immediate release of those enslaved - “Limiting Features” of northern abolition 1. blacks and whites did not work in the same

organizations 2. Northern abolition had the slaveholders economic interest as a point of importance. 3. White abolitionist were not fighting for equal rights for blacks. 4. Early on white abolitionist were not trying to bring about abolition in the south.

- The three slave conspiracies and uprisings 1. 1800- Gabriel’s Conspiracy- Richmond, VA 2. 1822- Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy - Charleston, SC 3. 1831- Nat Turner’s Rebellion- South Hampton County, VA

Gabriel’s conspiracy was lead by gabriel. He was enslaved and was to lead a slave revolt. He planned to control central VA and even have poor whites join him. The conspiracy caved after the plans leaked by way of tow enslaved individuals 2 Consequences of Gabriel’s Conspiracy

1. The weak southern Quaker lead societies died because of the revolts 2. The notion that free African Americans were instigators in slave revolts

Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy was lead by Vesey in 1822. Vesey was free black and a carpenter. He was a former sailor and was literate like Gabriel. Vesey was a founder of the AME church in Charleston and was very displeased with the happenings to the church received in 1818. In 1818 140 church members were arrested fined and even lashed for breaking laws to suppress black religion and expression. Vesey was hanged 1 month before the insurrection. The Emanuel AME Church Shooting June 17, 2015 with 9 dead and 10 victims Clementa Pinckney- Pastor and a state senator Nat Turner’s Rebellion was led by the slave and preacher. (It was a slave rebellion) He was seen as a leader by local slaves. His insurrection was put down after him and 60 or 70 others had killed 57 whites. Nat turner as stated was a preacher and often had religious visions that

lead him to lead the insurrection. Post insurrection 200 blacks were killed in retaliation to the revolt and laws were put into place to keep slave and free blacks from reading and gathering. Turner stayed hidden for almost 2 months before he was caught and hanged. William Lloyd Garrison was a strong proponent against gradual abolition. He serves 49 days in jail for defaming a slave owner in his paper theLiberator(1831) . “Immediate emancipation without compensation of slaveholders and without expatriation African Americans became the core of Garrison's program. He also founded the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 gradualism? Immediatism? David Walker was from North Carolina and his abolition was fueled by religion. Walker wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the world, 1829 Here walker “attacked slavery and white racism. How did the appeal shape the abolition movement?

1. The aggressive tone influenced the tone of the abolition movement 2. it inspired militant black abolitionism 3. it incited fear among whites

The first women's Antislavery was founded in Salem MA in 1832 Female Antislavery Society formed 1833- This group was formed by well to do black women and some white women. The typical woman and abolitionist did not belong to these groups and were working on the ground. The housed runaway slaves and purchased freedom for themselves and family members. These women were practical abolitionist .