Chapter 8 VocabChapter 8 Vocab

The South and West The South and West TransformedTransformed(1865-1900)(1865-1900)

ReservationsReservations

Specific areas set aside by the Specific areas set aside by the government for the Indians’ use.government for the Indians’ use.

Native Americans were FORCED to move Native Americans were FORCED to move onto these specific reservations.onto these specific reservations.

22ndnd Trail of Tears Trail of Tears

Sand Creek MassacreSand Creek Massacre

Took place along Sand Creek in E. CO.Took place along Sand Creek in E. CO.

American troops opened fire on unarmed American troops opened fire on unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho men, women, and Cheyenne and Arapaho men, women, and children who raised the American flag as a children who raised the American flag as a sign of friendship.sign of friendship.

Sitting BullSitting Bull

Belonged to the Hunkpapa band, one of Belonged to the Hunkpapa band, one of the Lakota Sioux groups.the Lakota Sioux groups.

Led resistance against American settlers Led resistance against American settlers who squatted on Sioux hunting grounds. who squatted on Sioux hunting grounds.

Battle of Little Big HornBattle of Little Big Horn

““Custer’s last stand”Custer’s last stand”

Battle between at least 2000 Native Battle between at least 2000 Native Americans, led by Crazy Horse and 250 Americans, led by Crazy Horse and 250 American soldiers led by Custer.American soldiers led by Custer.

Crazy Horse, and his men killed Custer Crazy Horse, and his men killed Custer and all of his men.and all of his men.

George A. CusterGeorge A. Custer

Civil War veteranCivil War veteran

Rushed ahead of the main column of Rushed ahead of the main column of troops, and accidentally came across 2000 troops, and accidentally came across 2000 Indians at the Little Bighorn RiverIndians at the Little Bighorn River

Died, along with all his men in the ensuing Died, along with all his men in the ensuing battle.battle.

Chief JosephChief Joseph

Leader of the Nez PercesLeader of the Nez Perces

Led resistance to the forced relocation of Led resistance to the forced relocation of the Nez Perces to a smaller reservation.the Nez Perces to a smaller reservation.

Led many members of his tribe to Canada, Led many members of his tribe to Canada, but was forced to surrender just miles from but was forced to surrender just miles from the border.the border.

““I will fight no more forever”I will fight no more forever”

Ghost DanceGhost Dance

A Native American religious revivalA Native American religious revival

It was thought that the ritual would banish It was thought that the ritual would banish white settlers and restore the buffalo to the white settlers and restore the buffalo to the Plains.Plains.

Led to the arrest of Sitting Bull.Led to the arrest of Sitting Bull.

Wounded KneeWounded Knee

Confrontation over the arrest of Sitting Confrontation over the arrest of Sitting Bull.Bull.

Sitting Bull was killed at this battle.Sitting Bull was killed at this battle.

More than 100 men, women, and children More than 100 men, women, and children were killed here.were killed here.

AssimilationAssimilation

Adopting the culture and civilization of Adopting the culture and civilization of whites.whites.

Part II and III on your own.Part II and III on your own.

Dawes ActDawes Act

1887-Replaced the reservation system 1887-Replaced the reservation system with an allotment systemwith an allotment system

Each Indian family was granted a 160 acre Each Indian family was granted a 160 acre farmstead.farmstead.

Meant to force Indians to assimilate.Meant to force Indians to assimilate.

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

A railway extending from coast to coastA railway extending from coast to coast

Begun in 1862Begun in 1862

Federal government awarded loans and Federal government awarded loans and land grants to two private railraod land grants to two private railraod companies, Central Pacific, and Union companies, Central Pacific, and Union Pacific.Pacific.

Built mostly by Chinese and Irish Built mostly by Chinese and Irish immigrants.immigrants.

ExodustersExodusters

African Americans who moved westward African Americans who moved westward after the Civil War.after the Civil War.

Homestead Act of 1862Homestead Act of 1862

Offered 160 acres of public act to anyone Offered 160 acres of public act to anyone who met the following requirements:who met the following requirements:– Applicants had to be at least 21Applicants had to be at least 21– American citizen or immigrant who had filed American citizen or immigrant who had filed

for citizenshipfor citizenship– $10 registration fee$10 registration fee– Build a house and live on the claim at least 6 Build a house and live on the claim at least 6

months of the yearmonths of the year– Farm the land and “improve” it for 5 years Farm the land and “improve” it for 5 years

before they could claim ownership.before they could claim ownership.

Cattle IndustryCattle Industry

Cattle ranching techniques adopted mostly Cattle ranching techniques adopted mostly from Mexican ranchers.from Mexican ranchers.

PopulismPopulism“The People’s Party”“The People’s Party”

Movement to increase farmers’ political Movement to increase farmers’ political power and to work for legislation in their power and to work for legislation in their interest.interest.

Bimetallism Bimetallism

Paper currency is backed by both gold and Paper currency is backed by both gold and silver, as opposed to sticking strongly to silver, as opposed to sticking strongly to the gold standard.the gold standard.

Cross of Gold SpeechCross of Gold Speech

Speech made by the Democratic Speech made by the Democratic candidate for president in 1896, William candidate for president in 1896, William Jennings Bryan.Jennings Bryan.

In the speech, he warned against In the speech, he warned against “crucifying mankind on a cross of gold” or “crucifying mankind on a cross of gold” or sticking to the gold standard.sticking to the gold standard.

Became the democratic presidential Became the democratic presidential nominee as well as the populist party nominee as well as the populist party nominee.nominee.