Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 1 The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics Chapter 9

Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and

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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics

Chapter 9

Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics

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Computer History

• Manual Calculators• Mechanical Calculators• Computer Prototypes• Generations of Computers• Personal Computers


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Manual Calculators


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Manual Calculators

Napier’s Bones (left) evolved into the slide rule (right).


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Mechanical Calculators


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Computer Prototypes


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Generations of Computers• UNIVAC

• First-generation computers

• Second-generation computers


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Generations of Computers

• Third-generation computers

• Fourth-generation computers


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Personal Computers

• MITS Altair• Apple I / Apple II• VisiCalc


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The Computer and IT Industries

• Industry Overview• Economic Factors• Product Development• Market Share• Marketing Channels• Industry Regulation


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Industry Overview

• Computer industry

• Information technology industry


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Industry Overview

• Dot coms

• Silicon Valley

• Outsourcing

• Offshoring


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Economic Factors

• The IT industry is dynamic, prosperous, and economically beneficial, even though the Dot com bubble burst

• Population growth along with theInternet has contributed to business globalization


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Product Development


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Market Share


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Market Share

• Companies are classified into market tiers


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Marketing Channels


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Marketing Channels

At Dell’s Web site, customerscan order a custom-built computer by simply clicking to add various hardware options.


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Marketing Channels

• Value-added resellers (VARs)

• Consumers can benefit from a variety of channels

• Channel conflict


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Industry Regulation• Some aspects regulated by

government agencies

• Most IT industry leadersoppose further regulation


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Careers for Computer Professionals

• Jobs• Education and Certification• Job Hunting Basics• Resumes and Web Portfolios• Job Listings

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JobsInformation Systems department

– Chief Information Officer

– Systems Analyst

– Computer Programmer

– Security Specialist

– Database Administrator

– Network Specialist/Administrator

– Computer Operator

– Technical Support Specialist

– Web site designer

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Jobs

• Outside the IS department– Technical Writer

– Computer Salesperson

– Quality Assurance Specialist

– Computer Engineer

– Manufacturing Technician

• Be willing to train and retrain as new skills are needed to work with emerging technologies


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Jobs

• Contract workers

• Telecommuting


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Education and Certification• Computer engineering• Computer science• Information systems• Information technology• Software engineering• The Peterson’s Web site is a comprehensive resource for educational

services– www.petersons.com


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Education and Certification• Certificates of completion are available to students who successfully

complete one or more courses on a specified topic• A certification exam is an objective test that verifies your level of

knowledge– General computer knowledge– Software applications– Database administration– Networking– Computer hardware– Computer security


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Resumes and Web Portfolios

• Web portfolio

• Multimedia presentations

• Personal Web site


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Professional Ethics

• Ethics Basics• IT Ethics• Ethical Decision Making• Whistleblowing


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Ethics Basics

• Professional ethics

• Laws try to promote ethical behavior

• Ethical values apply to any career field

• Ethical decisions can vary from one field to another


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IT Ethics• Some situations require computer professionals make

ethical decisions


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IT Ethics

• Confidentiality

• Personal activities


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IT Ethics

• Security

• Software test cycles

• Responsibility for user’s actions?


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Whistleblowing

• What is it?

• What happens to them?


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Whistleblowing• Before whistleblowing:

– Examine your motives– Try the normal chain of command– Collect evidence to back up your accusations– Record events as they unfold– Act ethically– Be ready to accept repercussions– Establish a support network– Consult a lawyer– Consider your strategy


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Work Area Safety and Ergonomics

• Radiation Risks• Repetitive Stress Injuries• Eye Strain• Back Pain• Sedentary Lifestyle

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Radiation Risks

• Every electronic device emits some type of radiation


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Radiation Risks

• CRTs and LCD screens emit radiation

• Cell phones emit RF energy


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Repetitive Stress Injuries

• Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI)


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Repetitive Stress Injuries

• Ergonomics


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Eye Strain

• Computer use can affect eyes


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Eye Strain

• Use an external keyboard and mouse

• Adjust screen resolution


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Back Pain

• Back pain

• Relax so that tense muscles don’t generate headaches and stiffness


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Sedentary Lifestyle

• People who live and work in digital cultures tend to spend many hours each day sitting

• Get up, stretch, move


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Chapter 9 Complete

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Chapter 9: The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 1 The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics Chapter 9