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Chapter Three: Socialization

Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

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Page 1: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Chapter Three:

Socialization

Chapter Three:

Socialization

Page 2: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization2

Chapter Chapter OverviewOverview

What is Human

Nature?

Socialization into the

Self, Mind, and

Emotions

Socialization into

Gender

What is Human

Nature?

Socialization into the

Self, Mind, and

Emotions

Socialization into

Gender

Agents of

Socialization

Resocialization

Are We Prisoners

of Socialization?

Agents of

Socialization

Resocialization

Are We Prisoners

of Socialization?

Page 3: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Nature

Heredity

Inborn

Genetic code for behavior

Nurture

Social environment

Social interaction

Behaviors are learned

What is Human What is Human Nature?Nature?

Controversy surrounding this question Heredity or Environment? Identical Twins

Adriana and Tamara Jack and Oskar

Controversy surrounding this question Heredity or Environment? Identical Twins

Adriana and Tamara Jack and Oskar

Page 4: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

What is Human Nature?

Feral ChildrenC

hildren found in the wildernessW

ild untamed“

The Wild Boy of Aveyron, France” 1798Isolated

ChildrenW

hat happens to a child who has had no contact with the outside world or no social interaction with others? Language is not natural and can only be learned and the child will be unable to speak.

Anna was found in early 1940’s locked in the attic

Genie 13 year old girl (CA, 1970)

Isabelle discovered in Ohio in 1938

Page 5: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

What is Human Nature?I

nstitutionalized Children1

930’s Research on Orphanages Children had no close bonds with caretakers Low IQs It was believed that children were born mentally retarded

Skeels & Dye (psychologists) believed there are social causes that led to mental retardation Social environment of babies was very poor The absence of stimulating social interaction was the problem,

not some biological incapacity on the part of the children Use Experimental Design to test theory

Page 6: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

What is Human Nature?

Experimental Group

13 infant whose mental retardation was very obvious and no one wanted to adopt them.

2 ½ years later Gained an average of 28 IQ points

20 years later

Control Group

12 infants remained in the orphanage

These children were also retarded, but they were considered to have higher intelligence

2 ½ years later Lost 30 IQ points

20 years later

Skeels & Dye Experiment

Page 7: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

In Sum…

...Society Makes Us Human

7

High intelligence depends on early, close relations with other humans

Social skills, behavior, relationships all define who we are

SOCIALIZATION

A process in which we learn and internalize the attitudes,

values, beliefs and norms of our culture and develop a sense of

self.

Page 8: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

1.Imagination of our appearance to others.

2.Imagination of their judgment of that appearance.• We interpret their reactions

3.Development of feelings about and responses to their judgment.• We develop a self-concept

Page 9: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

C

hildren go through three stages in the development of the selfT

he process by which children learn to take the role of the other To put oneself in someone else’s shoes—to understand how someone else feels

and thinks and to anticipate how they person will act

S

ignificant Others Individuals who significantly influence their lives such as parents or siblings.

G

eneralized Others Our perception of how people in general think of us

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Mead and Role Taking Mead and Role Taking (Socialization Process)(Socialization Process)

Page 10: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Under age 3Under age 3Under age 3Under age 3

Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6Age 3 to 6

After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7After age 6 or 7

Page 11: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Development of Reasoning—Piaget

Children go through a natural process as they learn how to reasonPiaget’s Cognitive Development

1. Sensorimotor From birth to about age 2

2. Preoperational Age

2 to 7 3. Concrete Operational Age

7 to 12 4. Formal Operational After the age

12

Page 12: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Development of the Personality—Freud

Personality consist of three elements

1.Each child is born with id• Inborn drives that cause us to see self-gratification

2.Superego• Represents our conscious, the internalized norms and values or

our social groups.

3.Ego Attempts to balance the inborn drives, needs, or desires of the id

and the demands of the superego. The struggle between the Id and SuperegoThe struggle between the Id and Superego The struggle between the Id and SuperegoThe struggle between the Id and Superego

Page 13: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Major Agents of Socialization

Every society has institutionalized ways of carrying out the process of socialization

Those groups and institutions that both informally an formally take on the task of socialization

Page 14: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

Page 15: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

G

ender Messages in the Family

T

he Peer Group

G

ender Messages in the Mass Media Television and Movies

Video Games 15

Gender Gender MessagesMessages

Page 16: Chapter Three: Socialization Chapter Three: Socialization

Socialization

S

ociologists Do Not Think SoS

ocialization is Powerful, but the Self is

DynamicI

ndividuals Are Actively Involved in the

Construction of the Self

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Are We Prisoners of Are We Prisoners of Socialization?Socialization?