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By: Josehpine M. ManingasBiology Teacher
Think of making a list of characteristics the “line” between life and nonlife there are certain accepted traits
1. Made of cells 2. Reproduce3. Grow, develop 4. Obtain/use energy5. Respond to the environment
1. Made up of CELLS• small, self-contained units• separated from it’s
surroundings• can make an entire
organism – called unicellular:• multicellular is made of
many cells• Cells are never formed by
non- living things
2. Living things REPRODUCE• This means they produce new organisms of the same type• individuals will die; thus they must reproduce if the group of similar organisms (species) will survive
Two basic kinds of reproduction:1. Sexual reproduction- requires 2
cells from different individuals unite2. Asexual reproduction- a single
organism can reproduce without the aid of another
– some single-cell organisms will simply divide into two new cells
3. Grow and Develop• at some stage, living things are
capable of growth: taking in materials from the surroundings and transforming it into living tissue
– different from a snowball “growing”
• development- a cycle of change
• As development continues, a process called aging occurs
– processes become less efficient– ability to reproduce ceases– death is the end result– life span:
• Death is then also a process of change that separates living and nonliving
4. Obtain and Use Energy• energy comes from the
surroundings, or environment• energy used to grow, develop, reproduce• Anabolism- process of putting together simpler materials into more complex materials (a building
process)
Plants- obtain energy from sunlight in a process called photosynthesis
• photo- means light• synthesis- means put together• Animals cannot perform photosynthesis – they must take in energy in the form of food
• Catabolism- breakdown of complex materials into simpler items • Living things have both anabolism
and catabolism • Sum total of both is metabolism -
the balance of all chemical reactions in the body3
5. Respond to the environment• some can be rapid, some are slow• they react to a stimulus
– light, temperature, odor, sound, gravity, heat, water, pressure, etc.
• Irritability - ability to react to stimulus • Homeostasis – a balance of conditions
Thank you for listening!!