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CHELICERATES ABHISHEK MATHEW, MATTHEW TSOI, XU HUI ZHOU, RYAN WAKEHAM

Che Lice Rates

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Page 1: Che Lice Rates

C H E L I C E R AT E S

A B H I S H E K M A T H E W, M A T T H E W T S O I , X U H U I Z H O U , R YA N W A K E H A M

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C L A S S I F I C AT I O NR YA N W A K E H A M

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• Domain: Eukarya

• Multicellular with cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound cell bodies

• Dueterostomes or Protostomes?

• Chelicerates fall under the protostomes as during the embryonic phase, their blastophore form mouths first.

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• Supergroup: Ecdysozoa

• Chelicerates are classified under Ecdysozoa as they molt their cuticle layers (ecdysis) as they grow

• These cuticle layers contain chitin as well as other proteins

• Phylum: Arthropods

• Classified as Arthropods because of their segmented bodies and heads and jointed legs

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• Chelicerata:

• The Chelicerates, similarly to most other arthropods, have segmented bodies, however, are separated differently. They have an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen. Chelicerates lack antennae and most have simple eyes (eyes with a single lens)

• Chelicerae are claw like feeding appendages located near the mouth. Chelicerae can serve as pincers or fangs and are what give Chelicerates their name

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• Some types of Chelicerate: Marine chelicerates are horseshoe crabs and sea spiders

• Earliest chelicerates were eurypterids (water scorpions). Most marine chelicerates, including all of the eurypterids, are now extinct

• Arachnids (Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites)

• Parasitic arthropods: Ticks and mites; nearly all ticks and parasitic mites are parasites that feed off of the blood of their host (Ticks target mammals and reptiles; Parasitic mites target vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants).

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T H I S W E E K S W AT C HS P I D E R R A P S O N G - H A I L E Y F T. B R O O K E F R O M S C I E N C E C L A S S

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A N AT O M YM A T T H E W T S O I

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A R T H R O P O D A : C H E L I C E R AT E S

• As Arthropods, Chelicerates have:

• Segmented bodies

• Segmented heads

• Jointed limbs

• Cuticles containing Chitin

• A small coloem

• Open Circulator system

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S P E C I F I C T O C H E L I C E R AT E S

• Appendages in front of their mouths called Chelicerae

• The Chelicerates body plan contains two of a segment called tagmata: the cephalothorax, and the abdomen

• Pedipalps which are an additional pair of appendages in front of the legs specific to Chelicerates

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• As arthropods, Chelicerates contain several body components as other arthropods

• Like most arthropods, terrestrial Chelicerates breathe through malphigian tubules and have a cloaca to excrete waste and their marine counterpart have gills

• Their exoskeletons are made of chitin and are sectioned off into segmented portions

• However, unlike the rest of the arthropods, Chelicerates have special mouthparts called Chelicerae where they get their name

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S E G M E N TAT I O N

• Chelicerates are divided into 2 parts: The cephalothorax, and the abdomen

• The cephalothorax in chelicerates is difference to that of other arthropods

• A cephalothorax is the combination of the head and thorax seen in other arthropods

• The cephalothorax contains a few major components such as the brain while the abdomen contains most of the other major organs such as the stomach and heart

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C H E L I C E R A E

• The word Chelicerae is derived from a Greek term meaning,“Claw Horns”

• There are 3 kinds of Chelicerae, jackknife, scissor, and the 3-segmented chelate

• Jackknife Chelicerae are most commonly found in spiders

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• Scissor Chelicerae are found on pseudoscorpions and some spiders

• 3-segmented Chelates occur on most other Chelicerates

• In spiders, the Chelicerae contain the fangs and aid with the eating process

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P E D I PA L P S

• The Pedipalps are a pair of appendages unique to the Chelicerates

• They generally exist in front of the mouth and a various different uses

• In spiders, the pedipalps help with sensory and moving food towards the Chelicerae and mouth

• In scorpions, the pedipalps are their large front claws which are also known as Chelae

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E C O L O G YX U H U I Z H O U

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A C A R I ( M I T E S & T I C K S )

• Found among a large group of vertebrate hosts

• Moist forests and areas of vegetation are most productive regions for ticks

• Mites are found in a broad area of habitats including saline and fresh water, soils, plants and animals (humans too)

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A R A N E A E ( S P I D E R S )

• Spiders construct silk characterized by it’s species and can use it to build perfect webs in their first try, to cover their eggs, catch insects and even as a “gift wrap” for food to give to the ladies during courtship.

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S C O R P I O N E S ( S C O R P I O N S )

• Scorpions are primarily nocturnal

• Mainly found in tropics and subtropics but some in temperate; especially deserts

• Usually stay in underground burrows in day as it retain a higher humidity, lowers temperature and protects

• Uses neurotoxin venom that causes paralysis to kill prey

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M E R O S T O M AT I D S ( H O R S E S H O E C R A B S )

• Horseshoe crabs are omnivorous scavengers and feed on small bivalves, mollusks, worms, dead fish and algae.

• The 4 remaining species are found in the coastal waters of Asia from India to Japan & the Atlantic coastline of North America

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P Y C O G O N I D S ( S E A S P I D E R S )

• Found in all oceans, especially polar areas

• Most are carnivorous, and feed on bryozoans, hydroids and polychaetes

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S I G N I F I C A N C EA B H I S H E K M A T H E W

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They are known to be scary..

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E C O L O G I C A L A N D H U M A N I M PA C T S

• Over half the chelicerates contribute to human harm, including death

• Used until the 1970’s as a cheap fertilizer

• Their blood or components are used to produce pharmaceuticals and perform research

• Many are used as bait for eels, conch and whelk

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• They are important food sources (loggerhead and turtles)

• Their eggs are also a food source for migrating birds

• Venom from the death stalker scorpion and the black widow spider are being used to create new treatments for cancer and Alzheimer's Disease.

• Spiders produce silk that is tougher than Kevlar (which has instigated research into super-strong materials)

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• Spiders have over 50,000 described species. Mites and ticks have around around 48,200 species and 1200 species of scorpions

• Ticks and mites transmit a greater variety of human and animal pathogens than any other arthropod agent (e.g Lyme disease tick)

• Mites and ticks are all over place, in your homes, outside, everywhere

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D O W E R E A L LY H AV E B U G S L I V I N G I N O U R E Y E B R O W S ?

• YES!! Our skin is covered with crawling mites.

• Humans host two species of mites: face mites or follicle mites

• Humans are born mite free but over time, they are infested

• They are also spread by contact

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• When you walk through a spiderweb, you instantly master Kung Fu

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R E F E R E N C E S• Arachnida - Spiders, Ticks, Mites, Chiggers, Scorpions, Whipscorpions, Pseudoscorpions, Daddy longlegs, Harvestmen, Arachnidae -- Discover

Life. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Arachnida

• Arthropods - Chelicerates. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.austincc.edu/sziser/Biol%201413/LectureNotes/lnexamIII/Arthropods-Chelicerates.pdf

• The deadly venom being used as medicine - Telegraph. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9248208/The-deadly-venom-being-used-as-medicine.html

• Carrera P.C, Mattoni C. I, Peretti A. V, (25 December 2008). Chelicerae as male grasping organs in scorpions: sexual dimorphism and associated behavior. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.student.twu.ca:2055/science/article/pii/S0944200609000397

• Dolphin, W. D., & Vleck, D. (2015). Biological investigations: Form, function, diversity, and process (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.

• Dunlop J. A. (13 January 2010). Arthropod Structure & Development. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.student.twu.ca:2055/science/article/pii/S1467803910000046

• I TOLD YOU NOT TO DO THAT - OFFICIAL VIDEO. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWzDOZmmxU

• The Earthlife Web - Sea Spiders: Class Pycnogonida. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/pycnogonida.html#3

• The Earthlife Web - The Scorpion Page. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/scorpionidae.html#3

• Mite (arachnid) -- Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/386007/mite

• Joke Spider | Kappit. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2014, from http://www.kappit.com/tag/joke-spider/1/

• Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology: Jane B. Reece ... [et al.]. Boston: Benjamin Cummings.

• Spider Rap Song, Advanced Science Project. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiBlgNch-70

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