Grade 11A Science Related Reading/Chemistry

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Chemical Bonding

When nylon first came to market in 1928, the public was

told it was made of ‘coal, air, and water ‘.This is true in as

much as the elements in nylon- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen – do indeed come from these

materials. However, it is the way the atoms are held

together (bonding) and how they are arranged in space

(structure) that accounts for the quite different properties of these different

substances.

However in our life there are three types

of bonding –ionic –covalent and metallic, which involve respectively,

transfer of electrons, sharing of electrons and pooling (positive ions in a sea of electrons) between

atoms. Sharing electrons have two types of structure –giant and simple molecular structures. These types of bonds are called intramolecular

forces which are stronger than intermolecular

forces.

The three types of intramolecular forces differ from

one another in there physical properties.

For example sodium chloride is an example of an

ionic compound which doesn’t conduct electricity

when solid because the ions that carry the charge

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Chemistry 11A

Grade 11A Science Related Reading/Chemistry

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are not free to move in the solid state, but are in the liquid state, as the

covalent compounds do not conduct electricity.

Regarding the structure of the compounds, all ionic compounds form

giant structures like common salt, calcium oxide magnesium chloride, saltpeter.

Covalent compound can be molecular (simple structure) example: water, methane, iodine and oxygen. Covalent compounds can be macromolecular (giant covalent) as for example sand, polythene, graphite, diamond.

In another word every thing arrowed use are held together by chemical

bonds!!

Rescore: New Understanding Chemistry For Advanced Level: Ted Lister And Janet Renshaw

Grade 11A Science Related Reading/Chemistry

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Group:

In the word map below, classify the given compounds as either ionic, molecular (simple

covalent) or macromolecular (giant covalent):

:

Iodine

Polythene

Graphite

Methane

Common salt

Oxygen

Saltpetre

Sand Diamond

Magnesium chloride

Water

Calcium oxide

Ionic

Macromolecula

Compounds

Molecular

Magnesium chloride

Water

Grade 11A Science Related Reading/Chemistry

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Group:

Compare ionic and covalent compounds. Complete the graphic organizer by stating two

similarities and four differences.

How alike?

1. 2.

How different?

With regard to:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Ionic bonding

Covalent bonding