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Chemistry 101
Matter - Anything that takes up space and has mass. Law of Conservation of Matter / Mass - Matter is never created nor destroyed, BUT its form can change. Forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas.
Which shows the
molecules of matter
as a solid, liquid
and gas?
Atoms – smallest particle of matter , building block of matter.
Electrons
Negative
charge (-)
Nucleus:
Protons:
Positive (+)
charge
Neutrons:
Neutral
charge
Parts of an Atom Example of a Nitrogen atom
Nucleus:
Protons : + charged
Neutrons : Neutral
Electrons : - charges
Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutrons
Atomic Number = # of Protons # of Electrons = # of Protons
Which is smaller, an atom or molecule?
Element – A substance made of one atom that cannot be
broken down into any other substance.
Elements are found on the Periodic Table
(Ex. Carbon, Oxygen )
@110 known elements Element Song
Physical Properties (Characteristics) –
Usually visible - How something looks, smells, sounds,
or tastes are all examples of physical properties.
• Melting Point –temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.
– Ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Boiling Point –temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas and forms bubbles.
– Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Density – Heaviness or mass of volume & will stay the same no matter how large or small.
– Ex. Lead is heavy and dense / Aluminum is lighter and less dense.
• Color – Distinctive and can be used to describe a substance.
Argon
Ar
Melting Point:
-308.74 °F
Boiling Point:
-302.8 °F
Sodium
Na
Melting Point: 207.9 °F
Boiling Point: 1621 °F
COPPER
Cu
Melting Pt: 1981.4 °F
Boiling Pt: 4652.6 °F
Chemical Properties –can only
be recognized when substances
react chemically with one another.
• Ability to rust – reacts with oxygen and
water slowly.
• Ability to burn – reacts with oxygen
quickly and releases heat and light energy.
The matter has NOT been destroyed when they
rust or burn, the form has just changed!!!!
Review
• 1. Which kind of property can you normally
observe using your senses?
• 2. What are 2 chemical properties?
• 3. The heaviness of an item is known as
____________.
• 4. The temperature at which a solid turns
to a liquid is known as the _________
point of that substance.
Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
• Compound – A substance made of 2 or
more different elements that can only be
separated chemically.
(Ex. Carbon Dioxide, Water)
– Molecule – 2 or more atoms that combine.
Which is an element
and which is a
compound? 1. Silver Metal 2. Table Salt
3. Oxygen 4. Stainless Steel
5. Iron 6. Water
Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
Define:
Mixture -
–Heterogeneous Mixture-
–Homogeneous Mixture- •Solution -
• Mixture – 2 or more substances put
together physically.
– (Ex. Salad, mixed beans,
Kool-aid)
Compounds –
Separated by
chemical
means
Heterogeneous
Elements
Mixture – separated by physical
means
Pure Substances
Matter Solid, liquid, gas
• heterogeneous mixture - the substances are not mixed evenly
Heterogeneous Mixtures
The substances in a
heterogeneous mixture
are usually easy to tell apart.
• A homogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed & can’t easily be seen.
• A type of homogeneous mixture is a solution.
Homogeneous Mixtures
Solutions - mixtures
where 1 substance is
dissolved into another.
•In a hummingbird feeder solution, the solute is the sugar and the solvent is water.
Define solute and solvent.
Homogeneous or
heterogeneous?
1. Chicken soup 2. Creamy peanut butter
3. Vegetable soup 4. Jello
5. Coffee 6. Smog
Atoms form Molecules
Classify the following
as an element,
compound, or mixture: 1. Gold ring 2. Sugar
3. Salad dressing 4. Helium
5. Sand
Intermission
• 1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is known as ______________.
• 2. Everything living and non-living is made of ______.
• 3. How are compounds formed?
• 4. How are elements formed?
• 5. The only way compounds can be changed is by __________ changes.
Intermission
• 6. A mixture where the substances are not
mixed evenly is known as a
heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?
• 7. A solution is a type of _______ mixture.
• 8. If you mixed Koolaid, which part would
the water be considered?