Child Safety FrameworkChild Safety Framework Central to our
core mission
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Child Safety FrameworkChild Safety Framework Informs and guides
child safety decisions throughout the life of a case. Provides
precise language and clear definitions. Strengthens child safety
assessments and planning. Guides appropriate placement
decisions.
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The likelihood (chance, potential, prospect) for parenting
behavior that is harmful and destructive to a childs cognitive,
social, emotional and/or physical development and those with
parenting responsibility are unwilling or unable to behave
differently.
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Safe Child Children are considered safe when there are no
present danger or impending danger threats or the caregivers
protective capacities control all known safety threats.
Definition:
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Unsafe Child Children are considered unsafe when they are
vulnerable to present or impending danger and caregivers are unable
or unwilling to provide protection. Definition:
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Present danger is immediate, significant and clearly observable
severe harm or threat of severe harm occurring in the present.
Definition: Present Danger
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Impending Impending Danger Parenting behavior that is harmful
and destructive to a childs cognitive, social, emotional or
physical development that is likely to occur in the immediate or
near future that could result in one or more of the following
outcomes: Serious or severe harm Injury requiring medical attention
Life endangering illness Death Definition:
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CapacitiesProtective Capacities Behavioral, cognitive and
emotional characteristics that can specifically and directly be
associated with a persons ability and willingness to care and keep
a child safe. Definition:
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Risk is concerned withSafety is concerned with Whether a family
is more or less likely to have another incident of abuse or neglect
without agency intervention Current dangerous family conditions and
behaviors The assessment of future maltreatment on a continuum from
low to very high Severe forms of maltreatment only and the
certainty of the severe effects on the child Characteristics of
family functioningFamily conditions that meet the safety threshold
Current and historical information, patterns, and behaviors
Specific threats to a childs safety now or in the near-future
Family conditions and behaviors that impair parenting capacity
Family conditions and behaviors that are currently out-of-control
Evaluation of conditions and behaviors that may need services and
treatment Conditions and behaviors that require control and
management A limited number of validated characteristics that are
related to the likelihood of future abuse or neglect A limited
number of specific factors threatening child safety
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Parent parks her car in front of the pharmacy and leaves her
2-year- old and 6-month-old in the car in their car seats while she
gets prescriptions filled for the children. She watches them from
the front door of the pharmacy while she waits for her
prescription. Safety Threat Risk or Safety Threat?
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Dad is depressed. He is reluctant about taking his medication
because it makes him feel out of it. He cant stand his job; doesnt
see how things will be different; has little energy to spend time
with the children. Dad is inconsistent in providing some meals but
the children are generally fed. Children go to school dirty and
tired because the Dad is inconsistent about cleaning their clothes
and getting them to bed. Safety Threat Risk or Safety Threat?
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Parent is picked up by police for drunk driving and has
children in the car. Safety Threat Risk or Safety Threat?
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Threats to Child Safety are very different than Risk of
Maltreatment Having a real and practical understanding of the
differences will have a profound effect on the safety decisions you
make daily.
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Immediate and significant Clearly observable Occurring in the
present Child MUST be protected from the present danger Child may
or may not need ongoing protection Assess for Impending Danger
Present Danger
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Responding to Present Danger vs. Responding to Imminent Danger
1. Present danger threats are controlled by immediate protective
actions 2. Impending danger threats are controlled by safety plans:
Impending danger threats are identified through a comprehensive
safety assessment Safety plans are developed with families and
other child safety supports
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Present danger is immediate, significant and clearly observable
severe harm or threat of severe harm occurring in the present
requiring immediate protective response. Definition: Controlling
Present Danger with Protective Actions
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Immediate, short-term and sufficient to protect a child while
the comprehensive safety assessment is completed. The parents or
caregivers are not relied upon to ensure that the protective action
is effective. Includes the participation of others committed to the
safety of the child. Controlling Present Danger with Protective
Actions
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Those responsible for protective actions are reliable,
committed, available, trustworthy, allied to the childs safety and
implementation of the plan Describable, provides clarity on how
protective actions will work Includes timeframes and logistics, who
will do what and when Not voluntary
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Martinez Case Scenario Answer and Identify the following:
1.Present danger threats 2.Necessary protective actions 3.Next
steps Present Danger Practice
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Mother of 1 month old twins has post partum depression which is
untreated. She sleeps most of the day while her husband is at work.
She has not shared her feelings with her husband because he just
thinks she is lazy. Example of Present Danger
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The father of three small children (ages 1, 5 and 6) is high,
incoherent and physically disoriented when you show up for the
initial contact. Example of Present Danger
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A child has a broken arm and cracked ribs and the injuries are
assessed to be the result of physical abuse.
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Example of Present Danger A three-year-old child in relative
care is found wandering on a busy street and the relatives
whereabouts are unknown.
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Example of Present Danger A dependent six-year-old is last seen
by a teacher four days ago. The child was last observed with a
black eye and bruise on the neck. Now the relatives are not
responding to calls from the social worker and refused to allow the
social worker to see the child when the social worker visited the
home.
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Example of Present Danger A 15-year-old tells her friend that
her moms boyfriend has been touching and grabbing at her breasts
and that she is afraid of him. The mom has been working swing
shift. The boyfriend comes over when her mom is working and leaves
before she comes home. He told her that he loves her, not her mom.
She told her mom that he had been grabbing at her chest and her mom
told her that she was a whore and was probably leading him on.
15-year-old is returning home and boyfriend will be at the
residence.
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Example of Present Danger A 14-year-old boy in special
education classes comes to school with redness and bruising on his
jaw and cheek. He tells the teacher that his father hit him last
night. He says that his father hits him a lot and has been telling
the boy that he likes to fight him. The boy says that usually he
doesnt mind but this time his dad hit him all over his head really
hard and that he doesnt want to go home.
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Can occur at anytime throughout the life of a case Happening
right now Must be addressed on a continual basis never stop
assessing present danger during the case When identified protective
action(s) must be taken immediately to protect the childs safety
Follow up with Safety Assessment to determine if child is in
Impending Danger Present Danger Summary
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CA is responsible for the safety of children and this
responsibility cannot be delegated to others. Protective actions,
safety planning and continuous safety management are the strategies
used by CA to keep children safe. Responsibility for
SafetyResponsibility for Safety
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Family, friends, relatives, and other child welfare partners
are included in the development, implementation, and monitoring of
the plan. Analysis to determine the type of safety plan implemented
includes assessing the suitability and reliability of potential
plan participants. Responsibility for SafetyResponsibility for
Safety
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Supporting Best Practice Moving Away from Incident Based
Practice Information Based Safety Assessment
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Gathering Information Gathering Information to determine if
Impending Danger Exists 1.What is the nature and extent of
maltreatment? 2.What surrounding circumstances accompany the
maltreatment? 3.How does the child/children function on a daily
basis? 4.How does the parent/caregiver discipline the child? 5.What
are the overall parenting and child care practices? 6.How does the
parent/caregiver manage his/her own life on a daily basis?
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Gathering Questions Gathering Questions This will be documented
in FamLink: Investigative Assessment Comprehensive Family
Evaluation FAR Family Assessment
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Weigh all gathered information Assign significance to the
information Determine if safety threats exists Assessing
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Impending Impending Danger Parenting behavior that is harmful
and destructive to a childs cognitive, social, emotional or
physical development that is likely to occur in the immediate or
near future that could result in one or more of the following
outcomes: Serious or severe harm Injury requiring medical attention
Life endangering illness Death Definition:
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Threats to a childs safety that are not immediate, obvious, or
occurring at onset of CPS intervention Threats are identified and
understood through individual and family relationships and
functioning Without safety intervention one could reasonably judge
potential for severe harm Impending Impending Danger
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Safety Threshold In order to determine if a safety threat
exists ALL of the 5 criteria must be met: 1.Severe consequences to
a child 2.Immediate or will occur in the near future 3.Vulnerable
child in relation to the safety threat 4.Out of control
5.Behaviors, conditions, etc., are specific, observable and clearly
understood
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1.The family/facility situation results in no adults in the
home/facility performing parenting duties and responsibilities that
assure childs safety. 2.The family/facility situation is that the
living/child care arrangement(s) seriously endanger the childs
physical health. 3.Caregiver(s) are acting (behaving) violently or
dangerously and the behaviors affect child safety. Washington
Safety ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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4.There has been an incident of domestic violence that affects
child safety. If Yes, complete the questions below: The domestic
violence perpetrator has caused serious harm or threats of harm
against the adult victim/caregiver of the child. The domestic
violence perpetrator has seriously harmed or threatened serious
harm to the child. The level of violence and/or threats towards
either the adult victim or child is increasing so that serious harm
is likely to occur. There are other indications of increased
dangers from the domestic violence perpetrator such as suicide
threats or attempts, substance abuse or threats with weapons.
Washington Safety ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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5.Caregiver(s) will not or cannot control their behavior and
their behavior affects child safety. 6.Caregiver(s) perceives child
in extremely negative terms 7.Caregiver(s) do not have or do not
use resources necessary to meet the childs immediate basic needs
which present an immediate threat of serious harm to a child.
8.Caregivers attitudes, emotions and behavior are such that they
are threatening to severely harm a child or are fearful they will
maltreat the child or request placement. Washington Safety
ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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9.Caregiver(s) intend(ed) to seriously hurt the child.
10.Caregiver(s) lack the parenting knowledge, skills, or motivation
necessary to assure a childs safety. 11.Caregiver(s) overtly
rejects CA intervention, refuses access to a child, or there is
some indication that the caregiver(s) will flee. 12.Caregiver(s)
are not meeting, cannot meet or will not meet the childs
exceptional physical, emotional, medical, or behavioral needs.
Washington Safety ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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13.Caregiver(s) cannot or will not explain childs injuries or
maltreating condition(s) or explanation is not consistent with the
facts. 14.A child has serious physical injuries or serious physical
conditions resulting from maltreatment. Washington Safety
ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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15.A child demonstrates serious emotional symptoms, self-
destructive behavior and/or lack of behavioral control that results
in provoking dangerous reactions in caregivers. 16. A child is
extremely fearful of the home/facility situation or people within
the home/facility. 17.Child sexual abuse is suspected, has
occurred, or circumstances suggest sexual abuse is likely to occur.
Washington Safety ThreatsWashington Safety Threats
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Impending Danger Present Danger Gather 6 Gathering Questions
Assess 17 Safety Threats 5 Safety Threshold Criteria Analyze 4
Safety Plan Questions Plan Safety Plan
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Children in Licensed and Unlicensed Care When children are
determined to be unsafe in licensed or unlicensed care, children
are removed.
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Safety Plan Analysis 1.There is a parent/caregiver or adult in
the home. 2.The home is calm enough to allow safety providers to
function in the home. 3.The adults in the home agree to cooperate
with and allow an in-home plan. 4.Sufficient, appropriate, reliable
resources are available and willing to provide safety services (or
activities) and tasks.
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Operation of Safety Threats Understanding how safety threats
operate in an individual family requires consideration of: The
degree of protection necessary to keep the child safe. The
resources available and accessible to the family. How much effort
is necessary to develop and implement a sufficient plan
immediately.
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Degree of Protection: How much protection is needed for each
child? What is the parents awareness and acknowledgement of
threats? What do they think their child needs in order to be safe?
Operation of Safety Threats
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Resources available/accessible to family: Who can help?
Relatives, kin, friends, fictive kin Educators, medical providers
Service providers What are they willing to do? What is their
relationship to the family? What resources are easily available and
accessible? Operation of Safety Threats
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Effort needed to develop immediate and sufficient plan: Plans
should only control and manage identified threats Plans do not
attempt to evaluate or treat parents Plans should match the
duration, frequency, and severity of identified threats Operation
of Safety Threats
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Determining Suitability/ Reliability of Safety Plan
Participants Participants in the plan must be able to provide a
greater level of protection for the children than the parent.
Participants in plans are allied with the child and will take
action to protect the child and notify the department if threats
are present. Social workers will: Interview all potential safety
plan participants Conduct background checks (FamLink and criminal
history) on all potential safety plan participants
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What is a Safety Plan? A Safety Plan is: A written agreement
establishing how safety threats will be immediately managed and
controlled. Implemented and active as long as threats to child
safety exist and parental protective capacities are insufficient to
protect and keep a child safe.
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A Safety Plan contains: Detailed safety activities and tasks
provided by suitable and reliable participants, including the
social worker. Resources immediately accessible and available. Does
not include parental promises. What is a Safety Plan?
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Used for children in-home or out-of-home References all
children in a family Clarifies role of parents Clarifies protective
role of others Addresses all threats identified in the safety
assessment What is a Safety Plan?
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Manage and Control Developing a Safety Plan Sufficient to
Manage and Control Threats A safety plan is sufficient to control
threats or substitute for diminished protective capacities when it:
Is a well thought-out approach Contains the most suitable people
Takes the necessary actions, frequently enough
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An Out-of-Home Safety Plan Controls and manages the identified
safety threats Describes how the child will be safe during any
contact with the parent: Supervised, unsupervised visits, by whom?
Where? Transportation, by whom? Services that include contact
between parent and child Describes how the child will be safe in
placement Visits with social worker Health screens, school,
etc.
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Establishing Conditions Establishing Conditions for Return Home
Use the Safety Plan Analysis to discuss with parents why the
out-of-home plan was developed. Any of the four questions that were
answered no determined the out-of-home plan. All four questions
must be answered yes in order for an in-home plan to be developed.
Parents should understand: The specific reasons why their children
were removed. How the out-of-home safety plan will keep their
children safe.
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Conditions for Return HomeConditions for Return Home 1.Threats
no longer exist and child is safe or existing threats can be
controlled and managed with an in-home safety plan. What must occur
for the control and management of the threats? All answers on the
Safety Plan Analysis must be yes.
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2.Parents recognize, acknowledge, and understand the threats:
Acknowledgment that safety threats existed and that children were
unsafe in the home. Progress has been made on understanding the
identified safety threats and toward strengthening protective
capacities. Parents may be able to articulate how the threats
endangered their children. Conditions for Return HomeConditions for
Return Home
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3.An in-home safety plan can be sustained: Components and
detail of an in-home plan are reliable. Family home has gained
stability and predictability. Natural and other supports are
accepted by parents and the resources available are also
acceptable. Safety and protection of children will not be disrupted
as children transition from an out-of-home to an in-home plan.
Conditions for Return HomeConditions for Return Home
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Reunification Children are reunified when an in-home safety
plan can keep the child safe. Safety planning at reunification must
include consideration of the impact of transition on safety,
stability, and sustainability.
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DifferencesSafety Plans and Differences in Safety Plans and
Case Plans SAFETY PLANSCASE PLANS Focus on threats that are
identified in the safety assessment Focus on behavioral changes to
reduce safety threats and increase protective capacities Remain in
place until threats are no longer present Provide the individual
and family objectives that address the safety threats and are the
basis for ongoing CA involvement
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Managing and Monitoring Child Safety the Managing and
Monitoring Child Safety throughout the Life of a Case CA staff in
every program - CPS, FVS, CFWS, FRS - actively manage and monitor
safety plans. Actively means that the social worker is diligent,
seeks information, responds promptly to concerns, and follows up on
activities and tasks in a timely manner.
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Safety management means that CA is responsible for child safety
until the parents can assume that role or another permanency option
is implemented. Safety is the primary reason for intervention
throughout the life of the case. Managing and Monitoring Child
Safety the Managing and Monitoring Child Safety throughout the Life
of a Case
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Placement: Whenever possible discuss safety with children prior
to placement Health and safety visits Establish safety expectations
with placement providers, service providers, child welfare partners
Visitation: Supervised or unsupervised, where should visits take
place? Who should supervise? Expectations for safety during visits?
Managing and Monitoring Child Safety the Managing and Monitoring
Child Safety throughout the Life of a Case Review policy and
documentation