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Conference of China about the Aturomotive steel business
Citation preview
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Nov. 21, 2013
Development of New Auto Steels and Application Technology
Jae-Bok NAMPOSCO Technical Research Lab.
worldsteel / CISA China Automotive Steel Conference
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POSCO Automotive Steel
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Steel GradeProduct
- Sales in 2003 to 2012 has been increasing by CAGR of 11.7%. - In 2012, total sales is 7.3 million tons including 62% overseas sales. - High strength steel and AHSS are occupied with 44.7% of total sales
Sales in 2003~2012 Sales Mix in 2012
HSS+AHSS : 44.7%Coated Product : 33.5%0.01.0
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Automotive Steels in POSCO
Introduction POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
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Development of AHSS
Conventional AHSS- DP, TRIP, CP, Mart, HPF- TSxEl < 25,000 MPa%
eXtra-AHSS (X-AHSS)- Giga duplex, Light weight steel- 25,000 < TSxEl < 50,000 MPa%
Ultra-AHSS (U-AHSS)- TWIP steel- TSxEl > 50,000 MPa%
IF
Mild
BH
CommercializedDevelopedDeveloping
Status
DP/CPTRIPMartHPFTWIPDuplex/Lightweight
AHSS grade
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Tensile strength (MPa)
X-AHSS : eXtra-Advanced HSS / U-AHSS : Ultra-Advanced HSSRef : Ohjoon Kwon, Kwang Geun Chin et al : Materials Science Forum, Volume THERMEC 2009, p.136
Banana Diagram
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
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GA 490DP for Door Outer World First Production2005
[ Improvement of dent resistance ][ Weight reduction ]
Requirement : Surface quality, Dent resistance, Stiffness
[ Door outer, 0.7t GA 490DP ] [ Removal of Body panel reinforcement sealer ]
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340BH
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490DP
- 7%0.75mm
0.7mm
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10152025
340BH
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490DP
+ 53%
Body panel reinforcement sealer
Replacement of 340BH steel by 490DP steel Weight reduction 7%, improvement of dent resistance 53%
490DP Steel for Outer Panel POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
Applications
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Trial for hood outer : 21% weight reduction (0.7t 340BH 0.55t 590DP) Trial for fender at Japanese automobile company shows good formability
Japanese Car, FenderGA 590DP (0.55t)
Small Sedan, Hood outerGA 590DP (0.55t)
[ Hood outer using GA 590DP of 0.55mm thickness ]
GA 590DP for Closure Parts
590DP Steel for Outer Panel POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
Applications
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GI
Grade Class YS (MPa) TS (MPa) El (%) r
340E CR/EG 167 340 32 1.75GI/GA
340ES CR/EG 180 340 35 2.25GI/GA
High elongation and excellent r-value suitable for outer parts requiring strength & formability
340E Steel on Korean OEMs SIDE OTR PNL Worlds first commercial application Weight Reduction 7% (EDDQ 0.7t 0.65t) We have 340ES for better than 340E
[ One Piece Side Outer (domestic company) ]
Super Formable IF HSS
IF HSS (E/ES-class)
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
Application
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Bending direction
Spec.(R/t)
Bendability ( GA980DP: 2.0t)R/t 0.5R 1.0R 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
L 2.5 1.5 X X OC 2.5 1.3 O O O
[ Cross section of spot welded GA980DP steel ] [ Floor panel tunnel (GI 980DP) ]
[ Back side bracket (CR 980DP) ]
CR/GI/GA 980DP with good bendability Reduce the strength difference between phases Improvement of bendability Low Ceq decreasing welding nugget hardness Increase of ductility ratio
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel980DP Steel
Applications
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GA 1180CP for Reinforcement Parts
[ Rocker Outer (Domestic company) ]
Material Change (EG 590TRIP GA 1180CP steel) Achieve 33% of weight reduction First commercial production in the world
Martensite Ferrite
Bainite
[ Microstructure ]
Suppress ferrite and promote bainite transformation High YR, excellent bending property
High YR Bendability Spot weldability Zn coatability
YS 850 MPa, TS 1180 MPa
Bending radius 3 x thickness Low Ceq and Si content
1180CP
Requirement Devloping Target
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel1180CP Steel
Applications
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< Mechanical properties >
Safety regulation for frontal small overlap crash test : 25% offset collision introduced by IIHS So, rocker or side sill becomes more and more
important where anti-corrosion is also significant
* cf. www.iihs.org
[ Rocker Outer (Domestic company)]
GI 1470Mart for Reinforcement Parts
Rocker Outer Bumper Beam First commercial production in the world
YS (MPa) TS (MPa) T-El (%) YR Bendability(1
1050 1470 5 > 0.71 6
1) Bendability = Min. corner radius / Thickness
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive SteelGI 1470Mart
Applications
Commercialization of the world 1st GI 1470 Martensitic steel
- 10/26 -
TWIP Steels (U-AHSS) Characteristics High Mn austenitic steel work-hardened by twinning High energy absorption by excellent strain hardening rate Very high strength-ductility combination (1000MPa, 65%) Commercialization : Cold rolled product, 2011~ (POSCO, World First) Developing high YS TWIP steels (900, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700 grades)
[Bumper Beam, Commercialized product (12) ]
[ Wheel, Chassis with TWIP steel ]
High TS, High El : Bumper, member etc. Commercialized Bumper of European Vehicle
(28% weight reduction, 22% cost saving) High HER, High El : Wheel, Low arm etc
- Low arm : 540MPa FB (4 Ops) 980MPa TWIP (2 Ops)
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
Applications
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Part development of BIW (body in white) and Chassis
The red colored parts are made from TWIP steel through collaboration with customers.
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive SteelTWIP Steels (U-AHSS)
Lower Arm
Wheel Disc & Rim
Spring Stopper
Front Cross Member
Recently, the number of chassis application is increasing as the advantage becomesapparent with TWIP steel. .
BIW Chassis
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LC
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CP, MART
HPF
: Commercial, : Developed
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Strain (%)
900TWIP900_HY TWIP
1000_HY TWIP
1200_HY TWIP
900TWIP
980TWIP
900_HY TWIP
1000_HY TWIP
1200_HY TWIP
To meet the customers needs for high YS TWIP steels, POSCO developed three grades, 900_HY, 1000_HY and 1200_HY, which is utilized work hardening by skin pass rolling .
Development of TWIP steels with High YS
POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive SteelTWIP Steels (U-AHSS)
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CR 980 Duplex
YS (MPa) TS (MPa) El (%) TSxEl (MPa%)980 DP 780 1040 11 11440
980 Duplex 937 1033 28 28924
X-AHSS grade!! (TS X El 25,000MPa%)
Austenite
Ferrite
Characteristics Medium Mn addition increase of austenite stability High TS strength, yield ratio and elongation with a large amount of austenite Duplex microstructure of ultra-fine retained austenite and ferrite
< Mechanical Properties >
< Microstructure >
Medium Mn TRIP steel (X-AHSS) POSCO Automotive SteelPOSCO Automotive Steel
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POSCO Application Technology
New Forming Technology
Lightweight Solutions for Chassis
POSCO Lightweight Body Concept
Electric Power Train
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Implementation : Multi-strength HPF, TWB HPF to enhance the ductility in sepecific area
[ Conventional Design ]
HSS 380Y
HSS 590 HSS 590
Laser weldingHPF1470(1.5GPa)
CHSP340Y(0.6GPa)
HPF1470(1.5GPa)
HPF1470(0.6GPa)
Multi-strength HPF
TWB HPF
(1 Piece Blank)
(TWB Blank)
Tailored Hot Press Forming
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.New Forming Technology
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POSCOs own FE Program (Shape-MDRF) : Reduction of Calculation Time with High Accuracy
Unique Solution for the Prevention of Distortion: Incremental Counter Forming Method [Conventional Product]
(Uniform Section)[PosRollForm Product]
(Variable Section)
[PBC-EV PosRollForm Part]Side Sill Floor Cross Member
[PosRollForm Test Facility]
Concept : Producing Variable Sectional Profile usingLinear & Rotational Movement of Stands
PosRollForm (Multi-Directional Roll Forming)
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.New Forming Technology
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Removing reinforcement (bracket) for a lightweight torsion beam Design Optimization and Advanced Manufacturing by Hydroforming Technology New Concept : Bended and Expanded Beam for Structural Performance
FB780 One-piece Beam
Project on Torsion Beam Axle Development
PI
Proto Beam Hydro forming
Design OptimizationWeight Down+Bracket Removing
Original Beam
Optimized H/F beamWeld Durability Analysis
Durability Test
Torsion Beam Axle Lightweight Solution for Chassis POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.
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Die design & Forming Analysis
TWIP980 Rim Bead Optimization TWB Disk
Structural / Durability analysis
Styled Steel wheel
TWIP980 Wheel Rim HB780 Wheel Disk
Lightweighting by Shape Optimization and Advanced Manufacturing Technology New Concept : High Stiffness Rim (TWIP980 steel + Hydroforming)
TWB Disk (HB780 steel- 3.6t / 3.2t)
Styled Steel Wheel
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.Lightweight Solution for Chassis
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To integrate POSCOs steel products & application tech. to provide Cost Efficient Steel Solutions for electric vehicle to our customers
To identify Requirements of New Steel Grades and New Opportunities for Steel
Dimensions
PBC-EV : POSCO Body Concept-Electric Vehicle
Overall Length 4320mm, Wheelbase 2750mm,Width 1830mm, Height 1550mm
CFD Based Styling for OptimalAerodynamic Design
High Roof Package for Maximizing Passenger/Battery Spaces
Detachable Rear Battery Package
[ Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation ]
[ Final Styling ]
Cd = 0.285
Separated Air FlowSurface Streamline
POSCO Body Concept : PBC-EV POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.
Objectives
Styling & Packages
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AHSS = 65.0 %UHSS(1GPa) = 45.4 %
Steel Grades(As % of Body Weight)
* Body Weight : Without Bumper Impact Beam
Body Weight : 218 kgWeight Reduction : 26.4%
DP490/590/780, 15.6%
DP980,9.3%
TRIP590,1.6%TRIP980,1180,
3.3%
TWIP980,10.4%DUPLEX3.9%
CP1180/1470, 10.3%
HPF1470/2000, 8.2%
Mg(Sheet),2.0%
MILD,2.5%
E-ES/C/R Class, 32.9%
ETC, 0.53%
PBC-EV Base Model
Weight Reduction : 26.4% Performance : [Crash] 5 Star & Good Safety Rating, No Battery Damage
[Stiffness] Static Bending/Torsion > 15000, Dynamic Bending/Torsion = 51.2/47.4Hz
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.
Design ResultsPOSCO Body Concept : PBC-EV
Steel Grades
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Cost Efficient Manufacturing
Manufacturing Process(As % of BIW Structure Mass)
Roll Forming + Forming = 41.2 %(Including PosRollForm)
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Body Concept : PBC-EV
Manufacturing Process
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World 1st Body Concept for Electric VehicleBy Steel Company
Weldability Test Assembly
Prototyping
Ductile Zone Hard Zone
Transition line
Weld-line
CHSP340Y HPF1470Process Design &
Formability Analysis
Process Optimization &Prototyping
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Body Concept : PBC-EV Demonstration
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1. Solution for RCAR Test 2.1%2.4% Max.
Effective Plastic Strain < 0.03
RCAR Front/Rear Structural Test (CAE Result)
Additional Lightweight by Structure Improvement and Increase of HPF Parts (HPF ratio in BIW : 8.2 17.1%)
2. Extra Lightweight Model
Torsional Stiffness Improvement : 50.0% (17.2 25.8 kN/deg)
3. High Torsional Stiffness Model
Modified Parts
Design Modification for Extra Lightweight
FinalWeight Savings
30%
218kg 216kg207kg
25.8
17.4%50%
17.2 20.2
PBC-EV Base Extra Light. High Stiff.
Torsional Stiffness (kN/deg)
Analysis of Strain Energy& Thickness Sensitiveness
LH : 2.3%1.9% Effective Solution for RCAR Structural Tests
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Body Concept : PBC-EV Upgraded Models
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Products
Applications to EV (Electric Vehicle)
POSCO EPT Applications
100kW EPT PMSM, PCU100kW EPT PMSM, PCU
High Performance and Reliability : PMSM EPT System with High Power Density & High Efficiency
CompactHigh Power Density
Light WeightKey Factor for EV
Low CostOptimized Design
Easy InstallationParts Integration
60kW EPT PMSM, PCU60kW EPT PMSM, PCU
EV Conversion for EPT Test- Various Performance Evaluations- Road Driving Test
Mid-size EV Buildup with Customer Small Size EV Development in Consortium
* PMSM : Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorEPT (Electric Power Train) POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.
POSCO EPT system
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100kW T-N characteristic
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Continuous Power
Max Torque
Cont. Torque
100kW output
60kW is available stably for whole speed range
T-N Curve Efficiency Map
- Motor Type : Interior Permanent Magnet- Max. Power : 100kW@5,600rpm/90sec- Continuous Power : 60kW@0~12,000rpm- Max. Torque : 320Nm/90sec- Cooling : Water (65, 12/min)- Power Density : 1.6kW/kg
Major Specifications
100kW PMSM (L 286mm H 325mm Stator Dia. 260mm, Weight 62kg)100kW PMSM (L 286mm H 325mm Stator Dia. 260mm, Weight 62kg)
Performance
* Avg. 95% efficiency in most
frequent usable operating
** Avg. efficiency (UDDS LA4mode) :
92%
POSCO Application Tech.POSCO Application Tech.
100kW PMSMEPT (Electric Power Train)
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POSCO Global R&D Network
POSCO has been developing new advanced materials and application technologies for vehicle lightweighting
POSCO develops new technologies, utilizing external as well as internal resources for customer value creation
Concluding Remarks