China's Military StrategyThe State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of ChinaMay 2015 !ei"in#ContentsPrefaceI. National Security SituationII. Missions and Strategic Tasks of China's Armed ForcesIII. Strategic Guideline of Actie !efenseI". #uilding and !eelo$ment of China's Armed Forces". Pre$aration for Military Struggle"I. Military and Security Coo$erationPrefaceThe %orld today is undergoing un$recedented changes& and China is at a critical stage of reform and deelo$ment. In their endeaor to reali'e the Chinese !ream of great national re(uenation& the Chinese $eo$le as$ire to (oin hands %ith the rest of the %orld to maintain $eace& $ursue deelo$ment and share $ros$erity.China's destiny is itally interrelated %ith that of the %orld as a %hole. A $ros$erous and sta)le %orld %ould $roide China %ith o$$ortunities& %hile China's $eaceful deelo$ment also offers an o$$ortunity for the %hole %orld. China %ill uns%eringly follo% the $ath of $eaceful deelo$ment& $ursue an inde$endent foreign $olicy of $eace and a national defense $olicy that is defensie in nature& o$$ose hegemonism and $o%er $olitics in all forms& and %ill neer seek hegemony or e*$ansion. China's armed forces %ill remain a staunch force in maintaining %orld $eace.#uilding a strong national defense and $o%erful armed forces is a strategic task of China's moderni'ation drie and a security guarantee for China's $eaceful deelo$ment. Su)ordinate to and sering the national strategic goal& China's military strategy is an oerarching guidance for )lue$rinting and directing the )uilding and em$loyment of the country's armed forces. At this ne% historical starting $oint& China'sarmed forces %ill ada$t themseles to ne% changes in the national security enironment& firmly follo% the goal of the Communist Party of China +CPC, to )uild a strong military for the ne% situation& im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense in the ne% situation& accelerate the moderni'ation of national defense and armed forces& resolutely safeguard China's soereignty& security and deelo$ment interests& and $roide a strong guarantee for achieing the national strategic goal of the -t%o centenaries- and for reali'ing the Chinese !ream of achieing the great re(uenation of the Chinese nation.I. National Security SituationIn today's %orld& the glo)al trends to%ard multi.$olarity and economic glo)ali'ation are intensifying& and an information society is ra$idly coming into )eing. Countries are increasingly )ound together in a community of shared destiny. Peace& deelo$ment& coo$eration and mutual )enefit hae )ecome an irresisti)le tide of the times.Profound changes are taking $lace in the international situation& as manifested in the historic changes in the )alance of $o%er& glo)al goernance structure& Asia.Pacific geostrategic landsca$e& and international com$etition in the economic& scientific and technological& and military fields. The forces for %orld $eace are on the rise& so are the factors against %ar. In the foreseea)le future& a %orld %ar is unlikely& and the international situation is e*$ected to remain generally $eaceful. There are& ho%eer& ne% threats from hegemonism& $o%er $olitics and neo.interentionism. International com$etition for the redistri)ution of $o%er& rights and interests is tending to intensify. Terrorist actiities are gro%ing increasingly %orrisome. /ots$ot issues& such as ethnic& religious& )order and territorial dis$utes& are com$le* and olatile. Small.scale %ars& conflicts and crises are recurrent in some regions. Therefore& the %orld still faces )oth immediate and $otential threats of local %ars.0ith a generally faora)le e*ternal enironment& China %ill remain in an im$ortant $eriod of strategic o$$ortunities for its deelo$ment& a $eriod in %hich much can )e achieed. China's com$rehensie national strength& core com$etitieness and risk.resistance ca$acity are nota)ly increasing& and China en(oys gro%ing international standing and influence. !omestically& the Chinese $eo$le's standard ofliing has remarka)ly im$roed& and Chinese society remains sta)le. China& as a large deelo$ing country& still faces multi$le and com$le* security threats& as %ell as increasing e*ternal im$ediments and challenges. Su)sistence and deelo$ment security concerns& as %ell as traditional and non.traditional security threats are inter%oen. Therefore& China has an arduous task to safeguard its national unification& territorial integrity and deelo$ment interests.As the %orld economic and strategic center of graity is shifting eer more ra$idly to the Asia.Pacific region& the 1S carries on its -re)alancing- strategy and enhances its military $resence and its military alliances in this region. 2a$an is s$aring no effort to dodge the $ost.%ar mechanism& oerhauling its military and security $olicies. Such deelo$ment has caused grae concerns among other countries in the region. 3n the issues concerning China's territorial soereignty and maritime rights and interests& some of its offshore neigh)ors take $roocatie actions and reinforce their military $resence on China's reefs and islands that they hae illegally occu$ied. Some e*ternal countries are also )usy meddling in South China Sea affairs4 a tiny fe%maintain constant close.in air and sea sureillance and reconnaissance against China. It is thus a long.standing task for Chinato safeguard its maritime rights and interests. Certain dis$utes oer land territory are still smoldering. The 5orean Peninsula and Northeast Asia are shrouded in insta)ility and uncertainty. 6egional terrorism& se$aratism and e*tremism are ram$ant. All these hae a negatie im$act on the security and sta)ility along China's $eri$hery.The Tai%an issue )ears on China's reunification and long.term deelo$ment& and reunification is an ineita)le trend in the course of national re(uenation. In recent years& cross.Tai%an Straits relations hae sustained a sound momentum of $eaceful deelo$ment& )ut the root cause of insta)ility has not yet )een remoed& and the -Tai%an inde$endence- se$aratist forces and their actiities are still the )iggestthreat to the $eaceful deelo$ment of cross.Straits relations. Further& China faces a formida)le task to maintain $olitical security and social sta)ility. Se$aratist forces for -7ast Turkistan inde$endence- and -Ti)etinde$endence- hae inflicted serious damage& $articularly %ith escalating iolent terrorist actiities )y -7ast Turkistan inde$endence- forces. #esides& anti.China forces hae neer gien u$ their attem$t toinstigate a -color reolution- in this country. Conse8uently& China faces more challenges in terms of national security and social sta)ility. 0ith the gro%th of China's national interests& its national security is more ulnera)le to international and regional turmoil& terrorism& $iracy& serious natural disasters and e$idemics& and the security of oerseas interests concerning energy and resources& strategic sea lines of communication +S93Cs,& as %ell as institutions& $ersonnel and assets a)road& has )ecome an imminent issue.The %orld reolution in military affairs +6MA, is $roceeding to a ne% stage. 9ong.range& $recise& smart& stealthy and unmanned %ea$ons and e8ui$ment are )ecoming increasingly so$histicated. 3uter s$ace and cy)er s$ace hae )ecome ne% commanding heights in strategic com$etition among all $arties. The form of %ar is accelerating its eolution to informationi'ation. 0orld ma(or $o%ers are actiely ad(usting their national security strategies and defense $olicies& and s$eeding u$ their military transformation and force restructuring. The aforementioned reolutionary changes in military technologies and the form of %ar hae not only had a significant im$act on the international $olitical and military landsca$es& )ut also $osed ne% and seere challenges to China's military security.II. Missions and Strategic Tasks of China's Armed ForcesChina's national strategic goal is to com$lete the )uilding of a moderately $ros$erous society in all res$ects )y :;:< %hen the CPC cele)rates its centenary4 and the )uilding of a modern socialist countrythat is $ros$erous& strong& democratic& culturally adanced and harmonious )y :;=> %hen the Peo$le's 6e$u)lic of China +P6C, marks its centenary. It is a Chinese !ream of achieing the great re(uenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese !ream is to make thecountry strong. China's armed forces take their dream of making the military strong as $art of the Chinese !ream. 0ithout a strong military& a country can )e neither safe nor strong. In the ne% historical $eriod& aiming at the CPC's goal of )uilding a strong military in the ne% situation& China's armed forces %ill uns%eringly adhere to the $rinci$le of the CPC's a)solute leadershi$& u$hold com)at effectieness as the sole and fundamental standard& carry on their glorious traditions& and %ork to )uild themseles into a $eo$le's military that follo%s the CPC's commands& can fight and %in& and )oasts a fine style of %ork.In the ne% circumstances& the national security issues facing China encom$ass far more su)(ects& e*tend oer a greater range& and coer a longer time s$an than at any time in the country's history. Internally and e*ternally& the factors at $lay are more com$le* than eer )efore. Therefore& it is necessary to u$hold a holistic ie% of national security& )alance internal and e*ternal security& homeland and citi'en security& traditional and non.traditional security& su)sistence and deelo$ment security& and China's o%n security and the common security of the %orld.To reali'e China's national strategic goal and im$lement the holistic ie% of national security& ne% re8uirements hae )een raised for innoatie deelo$ment of China's military strategy and the accom$lishment of military missions and tasks. In res$onse to the ne%re8uirement of safeguarding national security and deelo$ment interests& China's armed forces %ill %ork harder to create a faora)le strategic $osture %ith more em$hasis on the em$loyment of military forces and means& and $roide a solid security guarantee for the country's $eaceful deelo$ment. In res$onse to the ne% re8uirement arising from the changing security situation& the armed forces %ill constantly innoate strategic guidance and o$erational thoughts so as to ensure the ca$a)ilities of fighting and %inning. In res$onse to the ne% re8uirement arising from the %orld%ide 6MA& the armed forces %ill $ay close attention to the challenges in ne% security domains& and %ork hard to sei'e the strategic initiatie in military com$etition. In res$onse to the ne% re8uirement coming from the country's gro%ing strategic interests& the armed forces %ill actiely $artici$ate in )oth regional and international security coo$eration and effectiely secure China's oerseas interests. And in res$onse to the ne% re8uirement arising from China's all.round and dee$ening reform& the armed forces %ill continue to follo% the $ath of ciil.military integration +CMI,& actiely $artici$ate in the country's economic and social construction& and firmly maintain social sta)ility& so as to remain a staunch force for u$holding the CPC's ruling $osition and a relia)le force for deelo$ing socialism %ith Chinese characteristics.China's armed forces %ill effectiely $erform their missions in the ne% historical $eriod& resolutely u$hold the leadershi$ of the CPC and the socialist system %ith Chinese characteristics& safeguard China's soereignty& security and deelo$ment interests& safeguard the im$ortant $eriod of strategic o$$ortunities for China's deelo$ment& maintain regional and %orld $eace& and strie to $roide a strong guarantee for com$leting the )uilding of a moderately $ros$erous society in all res$ects and achieing the great re(uenation of the Chinese nation.China's armed forces mainly shoulder the follo%ing strategic tasks?To deal %ith a %ide range of emergencies and military threats& and effectiely safeguard the soereignty and security of China's territorial land& air and sea4.. To resolutely safeguard the unification of the motherland4.. To safeguard China's security and interests in ne% domains4.. To safeguard the security of China's oerseas interests4.. To maintain strategic deterrence and carry out nuclear counterattack4.. To $artici$ate in regional and international security coo$eration and maintain regional and %orld $eace4.. To strengthen efforts in o$erations against infiltration& se$aratism and terrorism so as to maintain China's $olitical security and social sta)ility4 and.. To $erform such tasks as emergency rescue and disaster relief& rights and interests $rotection& guard duties& and su$$ort for national economic and social deelo$ment.III. Strategic Guideline of Actie !efenseThe strategic conce$t of actie defense is the essence of the CPC's military strategic thought. From the long.term $ractice of reolutionary %ars& the $eo$le's armed forces hae deelo$ed a com$lete set of strategic conce$ts of actie defense& %hich )oils do%n to? adherence to the unity of strategic defense and o$erational and tactical offense4 adherence to the $rinci$les of defense& self.defense and $ost.em$tie strike4 and adherence to the stance that -0e %ill not attack unless %e are attacked& )ut %e %ill surely counterattack if attacked.-Shortly after the founding of the P6C in =>& the Central Military Commission +CMC, esta)lished the military strategic guideline of actie defense& and later& in line %ith the deelo$ments and changes inthe national security situation& had made a num)er of ma(or reisions of it. In >@ the military strategic guideline of the ne% era %as formulated& %hich took %inning local %ars in conditions of modern technology& $articularly high technology& as the )asic $oint in making $re$aration for military struggle +PMS,. In :;;=& the guideline %as further su)stantiated& and the )asic $oint for PMS %as modified to %inning local %ars under conditions of informationi'ation.China's socialist nature& fundamental national interests and the o)(ectie re8uirement of taking the $ath of $eaceful deelo$ment all demand that China uns%eringly adhere to and enrich the strategic conce$t of actie defense. Guided )y national security and deelo$ment strategies& and re8uired )y the situation and their tasks inthe ne% historical $eriod& China's armed forces %ill continue to im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense and enhance military strategic guidance as the times so re8uire. They %ill further )roaden strategic ision& u$date strategic thinking and make strategic guidance more for%ard.looking. A holistic a$$roach %ill )e taken to )alance %ar $re$aration and %ar $reention& rights $rotection and sta)ility maintenance& deterrence and %arfighting& and o$erations in %artime and em$loyment of military forces in $eacetime. They %ill lay stress on farsighted $lanning and management to create a faora)le $osture& com$rehensiely manage crises& and resolutely deter and %in %ars.To im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense in the ne% situation& China's armed forces %ill ad(ust the )asic $oint for PMS.In line %ith the eoling form of %ar and national security situation& the )asic $oint for PMS %ill )e $laced on %inning informationi'ed local %ars& highlighting maritime military struggle and maritime PMS. The armed forces %ill %ork to effectiely control ma(or crises& $ro$erly handle $ossi)le chain reactions& and firmly safeguard the country's territorial soereignty& integrity and security.To im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense in the ne% situation& China's armed forces %ill innoate )asic o$erational doctrines. In res$onse to security threats from different directions and in line %ith their current ca$a)ilities& the armed forces %ill adhere to the$rinci$les of fle*i)ility& mo)ility and self.de$endence so that -you fight your %ay and I fight my %ay.- Integrated com)at forces %ill )e em$loyed to $reail in system.s.system o$erations featuring information dominance& $recision strikes and (oint o$erations.To im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense in the ne% situation& China's armed forces %ill o$timi'e the military strategic layout. In ie% of China's geostrategic enironment& the security threats it faces and the strategic tasks they shoulder& the armed forces %ill make oerall $lanning for strategic de$loyment and military dis$osition& in order to clearly diide areas of res$onsi)ility for their troo$s& and ena)le them to su$$ort each other and act as an organic %hole. Threats from such ne% security domains as outer s$ace and cy)er s$ace %ill )e dealt %ith to maintain the common security of the %orld community. China's armed forces %ill strengthen international security coo$eration in areas crucially related to China's oerseas interests& to ensure the security of such interests.To im$lement the military strategic guideline of actie defense in the ne% situation& China's armed forces %ill u$hold the follo%ing $rinci$les?.. To )e su)ordinate to and in the serice of the national strategic goal&im$lement the holistic ie% of national security& strengthen PMS& $reent crises& deter and %in %ars4.. To foster a strategic $osture faora)le to China's $eaceful deelo$ment& adhere to the national defense $olicy that is defensie innature& $erseere in close coordination of $olitical& military& economic and di$lomatic %ork& and $ositiely co$e %ith com$rehensie security threats the country $ossi)ly encounters4.. To strike a )alance )et%een rights $rotection and sta)ility maintenance& and make oerall $lanning for )oth& safeguard national territorial soereignty and maritime rights and interests& and maintain security and sta)ility along China's $eri$hery4.. To endeaor to sei'e the strategic initiatie in military struggle& $roactiely $lan for military struggle in all directions and domains& and gras$ the o$$ortunities to accelerate military )uilding& reform and deelo$ment4.. To em$loy strategies and tactics featuring fle*i)ility and mo)ility& giefull $lay to the oerall effectieness of (oint o$erations& concentrate su$erior forces& and make integrated use of all o$erational means and methods4.. To make serious $re$arations to co$e %ith the most com$le* and difficult scenarios& u$hold )ottom.line thinking& and do a solid (o) in all as$ects so as to ensure $ro$er res$onses to such scenarios %ith easeat any time and in any circumstances4.. To )ring into full $lay the uni8ue $olitical adantages of the $eo$le's armed forces& u$hold the CPC's a)solute leadershi$ oer the military& accentuate the cultiation of fighting s$irit& enforce strict disci$line& im$roe the $rofessionalism and strength of the troo$s& )uild closer relations )et%een the goernment and the military as %ell as )et%een the $eo$le and the military& and )oost the morale of officers and men4.. To gie full $lay to the oerall $o%er of the conce$t of $eo$le's %ar& $ersist in em$loying it as an ace %ea$on to trium$h oer the enemy& enrich the contents& %ays and means of the conce$t of $eo$le's %ar& and $ress for%ard %ith the shift of the focus of %ar mo)ili'ation from human resources to science and technology4 and.. To actiely e*$and military and security coo$eration& dee$en military relations %ith ma(or $o%ers& neigh)oring countries and other deelo$ing countries& and $romote the esta)lishment of a regional frame%ork for security and coo$eration.I". #uilding and !eelo$ment of China's Armed ForcesIn the im$lementation of the military strategic guideline in the ne% situation& China's armed forces must closely center around the CPC's goal of )uilding a strong military& res$ond to the state's core security needs& aim at )uilding an informationi'ed military and %inning informationi'ed %ars& dee$en the reform of national defense and the armed forces in an all.round %ay& )uild a modern system of military forces %ith Chinese characteristics& and constantly enhance their ca$a)ilities for addressing arious security threats and accom$lishing diersified military tasks.!eelo$ment of the Serices and Arms of the Peo$le's %i&eration Army 'P%A( and the Peo$le's Armed Police Force 'PAPF(In line %ith the strategic re8uirement of mo)ile o$erations and multi.dimensional offense and defense& the P9A Army +P9AA, %ill continue to reorient from theater defense to trans.theater mo)ility. In the $rocess of )uilding small& multi.functional and modular units& the P9AA%ill ada$t itself to tasks in different regions& deelo$ the ca$acity of its com)at forces for different $ur$oses& and construct a com)at force structure for (oint o$erations. The P9AA %ill eleate its ca$a)ilities for $recise& multi.dimensional& trans.theater& multi.functional and sustaina)le o$erations.In line %ith the strategic re8uirement of offshore %aters defense and o$en seas $rotection& the P9A Nay +P9AN, %ill gradually shift its focus from -offshore %aters defense- to the com)ination of -offshore %aters defense- %ith -o$en seas $rotection&- and )uild a com)ined& multi.functional and efficient marine com)at force structure. The P9AN %ill enhance its ca$a)ilities for strategic deterrence and counterattack& maritime maneuers& (oint o$erations at sea& com$rehensie defense and com$rehensie su$$ort.In line %ith the strategic re8uirement of )uilding air.s$ace ca$a)ilities and conducting offensie and defensie o$erations& the P9A Air Force +P9AAF, %ill endeaor to shift its focus from territorial air defense to )oth defense and offense& and )uild an air.s$ace defense force structure that can meet the re8uirements of informationi'ed o$erations.The P9AAF %ill )oost its ca$a)ilities for strategic early %arning& air strike& air and missile defense& information countermeasures& air)orne o$erations& strategic $ro(ection and com$rehensie su$$ort.In line %ith the strategic re8uirement of )eing lean and effectie and $ossessing )oth nuclear and conentional missiles& the P9A Second Artillery Force +P9ASAF, %ill strie to transform itself in the direction of informationi'ation& $ress for%ard %ith inde$endent innoations in %ea$onry and e8ui$ment )y reliance on science and technology& enhance the safety& relia)ility and effectieness of missile systems& and im$roe the force structure featuring a com)ination of )oth nuclearand conentional ca$a)ilities. The P9ASAF %ill strengthen its ca$a)ilities for strategic deterrence and nuclear counterattack& and medium. and long.range $recision strikes.In line %ith the strategic re8uirement of $erforming multi$le functions and effectiely maintaining social sta)ility& the PAPF %ill continue to deelo$ its forces for guard and security& contingency res$onse& sta)ility maintenance& counter.terrorism o$erations& emergency rescueand disaster relief& emergency su$$ort and air su$$ort& and %ork to im$roe a force structure %hich highlights guard duty& contingency res$onse& counter.terrorism and sta)ility maintenance. The PAPF %ill enhance its ca$a)ilities for $erforming diersified tasks centering on guard duty and contingency res$onse in informationi'ed conditions.Force !eelo$ment in Critical Security !omainsThe seas and oceans )ear on the enduring $eace& lasting sta)ility and sustaina)le deelo$ment of China. The traditional mentality that land out%eighs sea must )e a)andoned& and great im$ortance has to )e attached to managing the seas and oceans and $rotecting maritime rights and interests. It is necessary for China to deelo$ a modern maritime military force structure commensurate %ith its national security and deelo$ment interests& safeguard its national soereignty and maritime rights and interests& $rotect the security of strategic S93Cs and oerseas interests& and $artici$ate in international maritime coo$eration& so as to $roide strategic su$$ort for )uilding itself into a maritime $o%er.3uter s$ace has )ecome a commanding height in international strategic com$etition. Countries concerned are deelo$ing their s$ace forces and instruments& and the first signs of %ea$oni'ation of outer s$ace hae a$$eared. China has all along adocated the $eaceful useof outer s$ace& o$$osed the %ea$oni'ation of and arms race in outer s$ace& and taken an actie $art in international s$ace coo$eration. China %ill kee$ a)reast of the dynamics of outer s$ace& deal %ith security threats and challenges in that domain& and secure its s$ace assets to sere its national economic and social deelo$ment& and maintain outer s$ace security.Cy)ers$ace has )ecome a ne% $illar of economic and social deelo$ment& and a ne% domain of national security. As international strategic com$etition in cy)ers$ace has )een turning increasingly fiercer& 8uite a fe% countries are deelo$ing their cy)er military forces. #eing one of the ma(or ictims of hacker attacks& China is confronted %ith grae security threats to its cy)er infrastructure. As cy)ers$ace %eighs more in military security& China %ill e*$edite the deelo$ment of a cy)er force& and enhance its ca$a)ilities of cy)ers$ace situation a%areness& cy)er defense& su$$ort for the country's endeaors in cy)ers$ace and $artici$ation in international cy)er coo$eration& so as to stem ma(or cy)er crises& ensure national net%ork and information security& and maintain national security and social sta)ility.The nuclear force is a strategic cornerstone for safeguarding national soereignty and security. China has al%ays $ursued the $olicy of no first use of nuclear %ea$ons and adhered to a self.defensie nuclear strategy that is defensie in nature. China %ill unconditionally not use or threaten to use nuclear %ea$ons against non.nuclear.%ea$on states or in nuclear.%ea$on.free 'ones& and %ill neer enter into a nuclear arms race %ith any other country. China has al%ays ke$t its nuclear ca$a)ilities at the minimum leel re8uired for maintaining its national security. China %ill o$timi'e its nuclear force structure& im$roe strategic early %arning& command and control& missile $enetration& ra$id reaction& and suria)ility and $rotection& and deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear %ea$ons against China.Military Force #uilding MeasuresStrengthening ideological and $olitical %ork. China's armed forces al%ays treat ideological and $olitical )uilding as the first $riority& and hae endeaored to reinforce and im$roe their $olitical %ork in the ne% situation. They %ill continue to $ractice and carry for%ard the CoreSocialist "alues& cultiate the Core "alues of Contem$orary 6eolutionary Serice Personnel& and carry for%ard their glorious traditions and fine styles. Moreoer& the armed forces %ill u$hold a series of fundamental $rinci$les for and institutions of the CPC's a)solute leadershi$ oer the military& enhance the creatiity& cohesion and com)at effectieness of their CPC organi'ations at all leels& make great efforts to cultiate a ne% generation of reolutionary serice $ersonnel of no)le soul& com$etence& courage& u$rightness and irtue& and ensure that the armed forces %ill resolutely follo% the commands of the CPC Central Committee and the CMC at all times and under all conditions& and consistently retain the nature and $ur$ose of the $eo$le's armed forces.Pushing ahead %ith logistics moderni'ation. China's armed forces %ill dee$en logistics reform in releant $olicies& institutions and su$$ort forces& and o$timi'e strategic logistics de$loyment. They %ill innoate the modes of su$$ort& deelo$ ne% su$$ort means& augment %ar reseres& integrate logistics information systems& im$roe rules and standards& and meticulously organi'e su$$ly and su$$ort& so as to )uild a logistics system that can $roide su$$ort for fighting and %inning modern %ars& sere the moderni'ation of the armed forces& and transform to%ards informationi'ation.!eelo$ing adanced %ea$onry and e8ui$ment. Perseering in information dominance& systems )uilding& inde$endent innoation& sustaina)le deelo$ment& oerall $lanning& and em$hasis on $riorities& China's armed forces %ill s$eed u$ to u$grade %ea$onry and e8ui$ment& and %ork to deelo$ a %ea$onry and e8ui$ment system %hich can effectiely res$ond to informationi'ed %arfare and hel$ fulfillthe missions and tasks.Cultiating ne%.ty$e military $ersonnel. China's armed forces %ill continue %ith the strategic $ro(ect for $ersonnel training and $erfect the system for military human resources. They %ill dee$en the reform of military educational institutions and im$roe the triad training systemfor ne%.ty$e military $ersonnel . institutional education& unit training and military $rofessional education& so as to $ool more talented $eo$leand cultiate more $ersonnel %ho can meet the demands of informationi'ed %arfare.Intensifying efforts in running the armed forces %ith strict disci$line andin accordance %ith the la%. Aiming at strengthening the reolutioni'ation& moderni'ation and regulari'ation of the armed forcesin all res$ects& China %ill innoate and deelo$ theories and $ractice inrelation to running the armed forces in accordance %ith the la%& esta)lish a %ell.knit military la% system %ith Chinese characteristics& so as to eleate the leel of rule )y la% of national defense and armed forces )uilding.Innoating military theories. 1nder the guidance of the CPC's innoatie theories& China's armed forces %ill intensify their studies of military o$erations& $ro)e into the mechanisms of %inning modern %ars& innoate strategies and tactics featuring mo)ility and fle*i)ility& and deelo$ theories on military )uilding in the ne% situation& so as to )ring into $lace a system of adanced military theories commensurate %ith the re8uirement of %inning future %ars.Im$roing strategic management. It is necessary to o$timi'e the functions and institutions of the CMC and the general head8uartersAde$artments& im$roe the leadershi$ and management system of the serices and arms& and adhere to demand.)ased $lanning and $lan.)ased resource allocation. China's armed forces %illset u$ a system and a %orking mechanism for oerall and coordinated $rogramming and $lanning. They %ill also intensify oerall su$erision and management of strategic resources& strengthen the in.$rocess su$erision and risk control of ma(or $ro(ects& im$roe mechanisms forstrategic assessment& and set u$ and im$roe releant assessment systems and com$lementary standards and codes.In)de$th !eelo$ment of Ciil)Military Integration 'CMI(Follo%ing the guiding $rinci$le of integrating military %ith ciilian $ur$oses and com)ining military efforts %ith ciilian su$$ort& China %illforge further ahead %ith CMI )y constantly )ettering the mechanisms& diersifying the forms& e*$anding the sco$e and eleating the leel of the integration& so as to endeaor to )ring into $lace an all.element& multi.domain and cost.efficient $attern of CMI.Accelerating CMI in key sectors. 0ith stronger $olicy su$$ort& China %ill %ork to esta)lish uniform military and ciilian standards for infrastructure& key technological areas and ma(or industries& e*$lore the %ays and means for training military $ersonnel in ciilian educational institutions& deelo$ing %ea$onry and e8ui$ment )y national defense industries& and outsourcing logistics su$$ort to ciiliansu$$ort systems. China encourages (oint )uilding and utili'ation of military and ciilian infrastructure& (oint e*$loration of the sea& outer s$ace and air& and shared use of such resources as sureying and ma$$ing& naigation& meteorology and fre8uency s$ectra. Accordingly& military and ciilian resources can )e more com$ati)le& com$lementaryand mutually accessi)le.#uilding a mechanism for o$erating CMI. At the state leel& it is necessary to esta)lish a mechanism for CMI deelo$ment& featuring unified leadershi$& military.ciilian coordination& a)utment of military and ciilian needs& and resource sharing. Furthermore& it is necessary to im$roe the management res$onsi)ilities of releant military and ciilian institutions& im$roe the general standards for )oth the military and the ciilian sectors& make studies on the esta)lishment of a $olicy system in %hich the goernment makes the inestment& offers ta* incenties and financial su$$ort& and e*$edites legislation $romoting military.ciilian coordinated deelo$ment& so as to form a $attern featuring oerall military.ciilian $lanning and coordinated deelo$ment. It is also necessary to $ush for%ard %ith the shared utili'ation of military ca$a)ilities and those of other sectors& and esta)lish a mechanism for (oint ciil.military res$onse to ma(or crises and emergencies.Im$roing the systems and mechanisms of national defense mo)ili'ation. China %ill enhance education in national defense and )oost the a%areness of the general $u)lic in relation to national defense. It %ill continue to strengthen the )uilding of the resere force& o$timi'e its structure& and increase its $ro$ortion in the P9AN& P9AAF and P9ASAF as %ell as in com)at su$$ort forces. The %ays to organi'e and em$loy resere forces %ill )e more diersified. China %ill deote more efforts to science and technology in national defense mo)ili'ation& )e more readily $re$ared for the re8uisition of informationresources& and )uild s$eciali'ed su$$ort forces. China aims to )uild a national defense mo)ili'ation system that can meet the re8uirements of %inning informationi'ed %ars and res$onding to )oth emergencies and %ars.V. Pre$aration for Military StrugglePre$aration for military struggle +PMS, is a )asic military $ractice and an im$ortant guarantee for safeguarding $eace& containing crises and %inning %ars. To e*$and and intensify PMS& China's armed forces must meet the re8uirement of )eing ca$a)le of fighting and %inning& focus on soling ma(or $ro)lems and difficulties& and do solid %ork andmake relentless efforts in $ractical $re$arations& in order to enhance their oerall ca$a)ilities for deterrence and %arfighting.7nhancing ca$a)ilities for system.s.system o$erations )ased on information systems. China's armed forces %ill 8uicken their ste$s to transform the generating mode of com)at effectieness& %ork to use information systems to integrate a %ide range of o$erational forces& modules and elements into oerall o$erational ca$acity& and gradually esta)lish an integrated (oint o$erational system in %hich all elements are seamlessly linked and arious o$erational $latforms $erform inde$endently and in coordination. China's armed forces %ill endeaor to address the $ressing $ro)lems constraining the ca$a)ilities for system.s.system o$erations. They %ill make further e*$loration and more efficient utili'ation of information resources& strengthen the )uilding of the systems of reconnaissance& early.%arning and command and control& deelo$ medium. and long.range $recision strike ca$a)ilities& and im$roe the com$rehensie su$$ort systems. Inaccordance %ith the re8uirement of )eing authoritatie& streamlined& agile and efficient& they %ill strie to esta)lish and im$roe the CMC command organ and theater.leel command systems for (oint o$erations.Pushing ahead %ith PMS in all directions and domains. !ue to its com$le* geostrategic enironment& China faces arious threats and challenges in all its strategic directions and security domains. Therefore& PMS must )e carried out in a %ell.$lanned& $rioriti'ed& com$rehensie and coordinated %ay& so as to maintain the )alance and sta)ility of the oerall strategic situation. China's armed forces %ill make oerall $lanning for PMS in )oth traditional and ne% security domains& and get ready to safeguard national soereignty and security&$rotect the country's maritime rights and interests& and deal %ith armedconflicts and emergencies. To ada$t to the u$grading of %ea$onry and e8ui$ment as %ell as changes of o$erational $atterns& China's armed forces %ill further o$timi'e )attlefield dis$osition and strengthen strategic $re$ositioning.Maintaining constant com)at readiness. China's armed forces %ill continue to im$roe its routine com)at readiness& maintain a $osture ofhigh alertness& and conscientiously organi'e )order& coastal and air defense $atrols and guard duties. The P9AA %ill im$roe its com)at readiness system %ith inter.connected strategic directions& com)ined arms and systemati'ed o$erational su$$ort& so as to ensure agile maneuers and effectie res$onse. The P9AN %ill continue to organi'eand $erform regular com)at readiness $atrols and maintain a military $resence in releant sea areas. The P9AAF %ill continue to o)sere the $rinci$les of a$$lica)ility in $eacetime and %artime& all.dimensionalres$onse and full territorial reach& and maintain igilant and efficient com)at readiness. The P9ASAF %ill continue to kee$ an a$$ro$riate leel of igilance in $eacetime. #y o)sering the $rinci$les of com)ining $eacetime and %artime demands& maintaining all time igilance and )eing action.ready& it %ill $refect the integrated& functional& agile and efficient o$erational duty system.7nhancing realistic military training. The P9A %ill continue to attach strategic im$ortance to com)at training in realistic conditions& and strictly tem$er the troo$s according to the 3utline of Military Training and 7aluation +3MT7,. It %ill constantly innoate o$erational and training methods& im$roe military training criteria and regulations& and %ork to )uild large.scale com$rehensie training )ases in an effort to $roide real.com)at enironments for training. The P9A %ill continue toconduct lie.setting training& IT.)ased simulated training& and face.on.face confrontation training in line %ith real.com)at criteria& and strengthen command $ost training and (oint and com)ined training. It %ill intensify training in com$le* electro.magnetic enironments& com$le* and unfamiliar terrains& and com$le* %eather conditions. It %ill also set u$ a training su$erision and ins$ection system& so as to incor$orate real.com)at re8uirements into training.Pre$aring for military o$erations other than %ar +M33T0s,. As a necessary re8uirement for China's armed forces to fulfill their res$onsi)ilities and missions in the ne% $eriod as %ell as an im$ortant a$$roach to enhancing their o$erational ca$a)ilities& the armed forces %ill continue to conduct such M33T0s as emergency rescue and disaster relief& counter.terrorism and sta)ility maintenance& rights and interests $rotection& guard duty& international $eacekee$ing& and international humanitarian assistance and disaster relief +/A!6,. They%ill %ork to incor$orate M33T0 ca$acity )uilding into military moderni'ation and PMS& and $ay s$ecial attention to esta)lishing emergency command mechanisms& )uilding emergency forces& training $rofessionals& su$$orting task.s$ecific e8ui$ment& and formulating releant $olicies and regulations. Military emergency.res$onse command systems %ill )e tuned into state emergency management mechanisms. China's armed forces %ill $ersist in unified organi'ation and command& scientific em$loyment of forces& ra$id and efficient actions& and strict o)seration of related $olicies and regulations."I. Military and Security Coo$erationPursuing a security conce$t featuring common& com$rehensie& coo$eratie and sustaina)le security& China's armed forces %ill continue to deelo$ military.to.military relations that are non.aligned& non.confrontational and not directed against any third $arty. They %ill strie to esta)lish fair and effectie collectie security mechanisms andmilitary confidence.)uilding measures +C#Ms,& e*$and military and security coo$eration& and create a security enironment faora)le to China's $eaceful deelo$ment.!eelo$ing all.round military.to.military relations. China's armed forces%ill further their e*changes and coo$eration %ith the 6ussian military %ithin the frame%ork of the com$rehensie strategic $artnershi$ of coordination )et%een China and 6ussia& and foster a com$rehensie& dierse and sustaina)le frame%ork to $romote military relations in more fields and at more leels. China's armed forces %ill continue to foster a ne% model of military relationshi$ %ith the 1S armed forces that conforms to the ne% model of ma(or.country relations )et%een thet%o countries& strengthen defense dialogues& e*changes and coo$eration& and im$roe the C#M mechanism for the notification of ma(or military actiities as %ell as the rules of )ehaior for safety of air and maritime encounters& so as to strengthen mutual trust& $reent risks and manage crises. In the s$irit of neigh)orhood di$lomacy of friendshi$& sincerity& reci$rocity and inclusieness& China's armed forces %ill further deelo$ relations %ith their counter$arts in neigh)oring countries. Also& they %ill %ork to raise the leel of military relations %ith 7uro$ean counter$arts& continue the traditional friendly military ties %ith their African& 9atin American and Southern Pacific counter$arts. China's armed forces %ill %ork to further defense and security coo$eration in the Shanghai Coo$eration 3rgani'ation +SC3,&and continue to $artici$ate in multilateral dialogues and coo$eration mechanisms such as the AS7AN !efense Ministers' Meeting Plus +A!MMB,& AS7AN 6egional Forum +A6F,& Shangri.9a !ialogue +S9!,&2akarta International !efence !ialogue +2I!!, and 0estern Pacific Naal Sym$osium +0PNS,. The Chinese military %ill continue to host multilateral eents like the Ciangshan Forum& striing to esta)lish a ne% frame%ork for security and coo$eration conducie to $eace& sta)ility and $ros$erity in the Asia.Pacific region.Pushing ahead %ith $ragmatic military coo$eration. 3n the )asis of mutual res$ect& e8uality& mutual )enefit and all.%in coo$eration& China's armed forces %ill continue to carry out $ragmatic coo$eration %ith their counter$arts in arious countries of the %orld. In res$onse to the changing situation& China's armed forces %ill constantly e*$lore ne% fields& ne% contents and ne% models of coo$eration %ith other militaries& so as to (ointly deal %ith a dierse range of security threats and challenges. 7*tensie dialogues and e*changes %ill )e conducted%ith foreign militaries on defense $olicy& serices and arms )uilding& institutional education& logistics and other su)(ects to $romote mutual understanding& mutual trust and mutual learning. The Chinese military %ill also strengthen coo$eration %ith related countries in $ersonnel training& material assistance& e8ui$ment and technology& so as to strengthen mutual su$$ort and enhance res$ectie defensie ca$a)ilities. #ilateral and multilateral (oint e*ercises and training& inoling arious serices and arms& %ill )e conducted at multi$le leels and in arious domains to enhance (oint o$erational ca$a)ilities.The Chinese military %ill %ork to e*tend the su)(ects of such training and e*ercises from non.traditional to traditional security areas. It %ill actiely $artici$ate in international maritime security dialogues and coo$eration& and (ointly deal %ith traditional and non.traditional maritime security threats.Fulfilling international res$onsi)ilities and o)ligations. China's armed forces %ill continue to $artici$ate in 1N $eacekee$ing missions& strictlyo)sere the mandates of the 1N Security Council& maintain its commitment to the $eaceful settlement of conflicts& $romote deelo$ment and reconstruction& and safeguard regional $eace and security. China's armed forces %ill continue to take an actie $art in international disaster rescue and humanitarian assistance& dis$atch $rofessional rescue teams to disaster.stricken areas for relief and disaster reduction& $roide relief materials and medical aid& and strengthen international e*changes in the fields of rescue and disaster reduction. Through the aforementioned o$erations& the armed forces can also enhance their o%n ca$a)ilities and e*$ertise. Faithfully fulfilling China's international o)ligations& the country's armed forces %ill continue to carry out escort missions in the Gulf of Aden and other sea areas as re8uired& enhance e*changes and coo$eration %ith naaltask forces of other countries& and (ointly secure international S93Cs. China's armed forces %ill engage in e*tensie regional and international security affairs& and $romote the esta)lishment of the mechanisms of emergency notification& military risk $recaution& crisis management and conflict control. 0ith the gro%th of national strength& China's armed forces %ill gradually intensify their $artici$ation in such o$erations as international $eacekee$ing and humanitarian assistance& and do their utmost to shoulder more international res$onsi)ilities and o)ligations& $roide more $u)lic security goods& and contri)ute more to %orld $eace and common deelo$ment.