Elementary Chinese Textbook

初

级

汉

语

课

本

Chūjí hànyŭ kèbĕn

Guilin, China

"Water and Moon at Elephant Hill"

Elephant Hill is also called Elephant-Trunk Hill. It looks like an elephant drinking water at the confluence of the Taohua River and the Lijiang River. A round open space between the elephant trunk and its body is called Water-Moon Cave. At a clear night the moon seems to fall on the bottom of the water and at the same time float on the water’s surface.

****Textbook compiled for the 2004 Philadelphia Chinese Class

Table of Contents Preface About Mandarin Chinese

Pinyin Pronounciation Guide Learn to Read and Write Chinese About Tones The Pinyin Alphabet Study Hints

Study Aids Grammar Chart Table of Mandarin Sounds Lesson 1: Numbers 1 Lesson 2: Practical Vocabulary 5 Lesson 3: Kingdom Hall 9 Lesson 4: Field Service 13 Lesson 5: Family 18 Lesson 6: Heaven 22 Lesson 7: The World 25 Lesson 8: Religion 29 Lesson 9: The Earth 33 Lesson 10: Quiz (not included in this book) Lesson 11: The Organization 36 Lesson 12: Our Relationship with God 41 Lesson 13: Prayer 45 Lesson 14: Body Parts, Clothing, and Common Objects 48 Lesson 15: More Practical Vocabulary 52 Lesson 16: Eastern Religion 56 Lesson 17: Relatives and Weather 61 Lesson 18: Adjectives 65 Lesson 19: Time 69 Lesson 20: The Last Days 73 Lesson 21: On a Bible Study 77 Lesson 22: Personality 81 Lesson 23: Everyday Vocabulary 86 Lesson 24: More Practical Vocabulary 91 Lesson 25: Theocratic Vocabulary 95 Lesson 26: Quiz (not included in this book) Lesson 27: Memorial of Christ’s Death Vocabulary 100 Index 105

i

Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and the nearby island of Taiwan. There are over 1.3 billion people living in Mainland China alone. This means that at least one out of six people on the planet speak Chinese, making it the language spoken by more people than any other language on earth. Originally, Mandarin Chinese was a dialect of the Chinese language spoken by peoples living in the north of China. A dialect is a spoken variation of the same language. Perhaps at one time dialects began as regional accents, but after hundreds of years these accents have become so different from one another that people from different areas no longer understand one another. Today, even people from two villages just a few miles apart may speak different dialects and may not understand one another well. Yet, because many Chinese dialects (such as Cantonese or Fujianese) originated from the same language, they share the same written language. So, written Chinese is universally understood by literate people in China (see page 6 for a discussion of Simplified and Traditional characters). Still, without a common spoken language, Chinese people from different areas of the country would be unable to communicate unless they wrote down what they wanted to say. Therefore, Mandarin was chosen to become the national language of China. In most areas, children are required to learn Mandarin in school, and teachers speak Mandarin in the classroom. Because of this, most educated Chinese people can speak Mandarin well, though many still have regional accents. So, do not be confused if one Chinese person pronounces a word differently from another Chinese person. For example, a person from the south of China may have difficulty pronouncing the letter “n”, so instead they say “l”. Because of this, many people say “Li hao” instead of “Ni hao”. A person from another area of China may not be able to pronounce the “sh” sound, so instead they say “s”. Others have difficulty pronouncing the letter “f”. There are many variations of this type because Mandarin is a second language not only for us, but also for many Chinese people as well. Another interesting fact is that some Americans can learn a better Mandarin accent than even some Chinese people. How can that be? Well, it is because English and Mandarin share many of the same sounds (for example “n”, “sh”, and “f”), whereas some Chinese dialects lack these sounds. The biggest challenge for English speakers of Mandarin Chinese is pronouncing the four tones, and we will address this subject later.

Pin Yin: Mandarin Chinese Phonetics

Many people are intimidated when thinking of the Chinese language because it’s system of writing is quite complex. A symbol, or “character”, represents each word in the Chinese language. These characters are not phonetic, any more than “$”, “%”, or “&” are phonetic. Just as one cannot tell how to pronounce “%” merely by looking at it, one cannot pronounce a Chinese character without first learning how it is said. Also, like “$” and “%”, Chinese characters represent entire words, “dollar” and “percent”. Since there are literally thousands of Chinese characters, it would be quite a challenge to learn this language without the help of phonetics. “Pinyin” phonetics bridge the gap between spoken and written Chinese. Moreover, Pinyin is quite straight forward and easy to learn. Many of us are able to say “hello” in Mandarin: “Ni hao”. Yet, how many of us would recognize the characters 你好 ? Likely, not very many. Therefore, Pinyin (which literally means “phonetic sounds”), is incredibly useful for anyone who wants to learn Mandarin Chinese. In fact, pinyin was developed in China and is used in Chinese schools to help young people there learn characters. So, because of this, Pinyin letters were not meant to correspond to English sounds, but rather to Chinese ones.

ii

The rules of Pinyin spelling and pronunciation are quite simple. There are very few exceptions to the rules of Pinyin pronunciation. Please remember, though, that the most important part of learning a language is learning proper pronunciation. Work hard to thoroughly understand Pinyin. Keep in mind that although Pinyin uses the same letters as English, they do not represent the same sounds. Each letter in Pinyin represents a Chinese sound, so you will have to re-learn “our” alphabet. Once you fully understand this packet, you are well on your way to learning to speak Mandarin Chinese!

The Pronunciation of Pinyin Letters

Remember, the guidelines given on this page are not exact. They are merely provided to help you to get an idea of how these sounds are pronounced. Please also remember that nothing can replace listening carefully to Chinese people and tapes or CDs. Try to repeat new words aloud as often as possible. It is said that reading and pronouncing a word aloud twenty times is equal in helpfulness to reading a word seventy-five times silently. It is also helpful to record yourself pronouncing these sounds. After recording yourself reading Chinese words aloud, play the tape back and compare your accent with a Chinese person’s accent. Also, remember that it is better to over-accentuate the sounds at first and to speak slowly. This will help your tongue to become more accustomed to these “foreign” sounds. Later, work on speeding up and speaking more fluently.

Initials

1. b, p, m, f : Basically sound like the English letters b, p, m, and f, except when combined with an “o”. If put with an “o”, the end result sounds like a New Yorker saying the end of the word “door”. Listen carefully to the teacher pronouncing these sounds.

2. d, t, n, l, g, k, h : Basically sound like the English letters d, t, n, l, g, k, and h, except they are produced towards the back of the throat and use more breath.

3. j: “gee” , q: “chee”, x: “shee” :The tongue is not curled for these sounds.

4. zh: “jr”, ch: “chr”, sh: “shr”, r: very different from “r” in English : The tongue should be curled towards the roof of your mouth when saying any of these 4 letters. The tongue is in the exact same position for all four letters.

5. z: “dz”, c: “ts” as in “cats” , s: Think of a snake hissing, “ss”. Your tongue should be near or touching your front teeth for these letters.

6. y: “ee”, w: “oo” (NOT “yee” or “woo”) These letters have the same pronunciation as the finals “i” and “u”.

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Finals

1. –a: “ah” as in “father” . This letter has different sounds depending on what final it is part of . See “-an”, “-ang”, “-ian”, and “-uan”.

2. –ai: “ai” as in “aisle” , -ao: “ow” as in “cow”, but softer, and don’t close your lips when saying it.

3. –e: “uh” as in “bun” or sometimes said like the “e” in “yet”, -ei: “ei” as in “eight”

4. –i: “ee” as in the Spanish “i” , -ia: “yah” , It’s important to emphasize the “aah” sound at the end of this final, imagine you are at the dentist saying “aaah”. -ie: “ye” as in “yet”, -iu: “yo” , originally, this final was spelled –iou, then later the “o” was dropped. -iao: “yow”, but softer, -ian: “yen”, the “a” in this final sounds like the “e” in yet.

5. –o: like the “o” in “soft”. Keep your lips open when saying the end of this sound. –ou: “oh” , You should close your lips at the end of saying this sound.

6. –u: “oo” as in choose, but sounds more hollow. Imagine that your mouth is full of marbles while saying it. -ua: “wah”, It’s very important to emphasize the “aah” sound at the end of this final, like you are at the dentist. -ui: “way”, this final originally was spelled “uei”, then the “e” was dropped. –un: “wun”, -uo: “oor” as a New Yorker would say “door”, -uai: “why”.

7. –ü - üe - üan - ün 8. –an: “Anne” like a British person would say it. This “a” is very different

than English “a”s. Listen carefully to how Chinese people pronounce this sound.

9. –en: “un” as in “bun”, but softer. –in: “ine” as in “machine”. (The “n” in “-an”, “-en”, and “-in” is said with the tip of your tongue touching the back of your front teeth. So, it sounds softer than an English “n”. Sometimes, it’s hard to even hear a Chinese person say “n” because it is so soft.)

10. –ang: “ahng”, this has a long “aaah” sound in it, like you are at the dentist. Try saying the word “long” with a big smile. Then you will hear the “-ang” sound. –eng: “ung” as in “lung”. –ing: “ing” as in “laughing”, but softer. Chinese people don’t say the “ing” as hard as Americans do. Sometimes, it sounds so soft it is hard to hear them say it.

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–ong: “ohng”, Listen carefully to how Chinese people say this sound. It is nasal and different from English. It includes a long “oh” sound.

11. –iang: “yahng”, again emphasize the “aah” to sound like you are at the dentist.

–iong: “yohng” just like “-ong” but it starts with a “y” sound. 12. –uan: “wan” as in “wand” (the “n” is said with the tongue at the

front of the mouth, touching the front teeth), -uang: “wahng”, again, remember being at the dentist… “aaah”!

Learn to Read and Write Chinese Characters To many people, the most intimidating thing about the Chinese language is its unique system of reading and writing. Yet, to so many students of Chinese, the most interesting and fun part of learning the language are the characters. Some people love the characters so much that they learn to read and write, but never learn how to speak Chinese! This course, though, focuses on how to give a witness in Chinese. So, we need a well rounded knowledge of basic Chinese in order to do that. This, of course, includes having some understanding of Chinese characters. We have already discussed that written Chinese is a system of symbols, just like “%” or “$” are symbols. Yet, many characters have stories behind them, meaning that they are actually pictures that tell a story. Some friends have noticed that one such character is referenced in the Insight on the Scriptures volumes as proof that the flood was a historical event. (It. Vol. 1 pg. 328) This character contains the symbols for vessel: 舟 , the number eight: 八 , and the symbol representing people, a mouth: 口. So, eight persons in a vessel comprises the character for “ship”: 船 . This character may have reference to the Flood of Noah’s day. Another character is believed to have reference to the Garden of Eden. It contains two trees: 林 and a woman: 女. What does this character mean? Greed: 婪 . As you can see, the characters become much less intimidating and much more interesting when one learns the stories behind them. In this class, we will learn some of these stories and have some fun learning to read and write Chinese. Chinese characters are frequently composed of several simple characters all put together, to build a new, more complex word. Some examples were given above. One more example involves the character for “tree”: 木 . Can you see the trunk, branches, and roots? So, if that represents a tree, then how would a Chinese person write forest? 森 . Logically, a forest has several trees in it, so the word for forest is merely three trees. Many characters are similar in their logic. To make the logic simpler, Chinese characters are generally comprised of two main parts: a “radical” and a “phonetic”. The radical lends meaning to the character, while the phonetic gives an idea how the character might be pronounced. Radicals and phonetics are usually also simpler characters with simple meanings when they appear by themselves (like the character for “tree” that

we saw above). Another example is 心xīn

, the character meaning “heart”. This character is also used

as a radical to build words with more complicated meanings. Here are some examples: 想xiăng

、 思sī、 忍rĕn

、 and 忠

zhōng

. Now, since “heart” is the radical for all of these characters, then their meanings should

all relate somehow to the literal or figurative heart. Let’s take a look at their meanings. 1. 想xiăng

: to

v

think, to miss, to want. 2. 思sī

: to think, to meditate. 3. 忍rĕn

: to endure, to tolerate. 4. 忠

zhōng

: loyal, faithful, sincere. So, we can clearly see that the radical really does influence the meaning of the character. All of these characters involve feelings- the figurative heart. If you have a basic understand of radicals, then you will be able to understand much about Chinese writing. There are over 200 radicals, but only about 50 are used frequently. Most radicals resemble the thing they symbolize, so they are not difficult to remember. What are some examples of phonetics, then? Well, two of the characters above are good

examples of this, as well. We know that the radical of 想xiăng

is 心xīn

. So, that leaves 相 as the phonetic.

How is 相 pronounced, then? 相xiāng

. The only difference in pronunciation is the tone. Yet, the

meaning is completely different from 想xiăng

! Similarly, the radical for 忠

zhōng

is 心xīn

, therefore 中 must be

this character’s phonetic. How is 中 said? 中

zhōng

. It is pronounced exactly the same! Yet, again, the meanings of the phonetics often have nothing in common. They usually just have similar pronunciation. But, how do we figure out which part of a character is the radical, and which is the phonetic? We are often reduced to guessing! Often it is a 50/50 chance either way. Nonetheless, knowing these facts about Chinese characters helps to take some of the mystery out of them. Much time has passed since the invention of the Chinese system of writing. Over hundreds of years, languages can change dramatically. (Just read some Chaucer as proof of that!) For this reason, today’s radicals and phonetics are not 100% reliable. Sometimes the character does not sound like it’s phonetic and means something quite different from its radical. Whereas some changes in the Chinese language were due to time, the government of Mainland China introduced other changes. Why? Some Chinese characters are made up of so many smaller characters that they become difficult to remember and time-consuming to write. Therefore, in the 1950’s, the government of Communist China reasoned that if the most frequently used and most difficult characters were simplified, then more people could be taught how to read and write. How was this done? It must not have been an easy task. For example, a frequently used character is 為, meaning for or because. This character is quite complex, so the government simplified it, eliminating many of the lines (or strokes) that composed it. Yet, they strived to keep the basic “impression” of the character. So, the new version looks like this: 为 . Many Simplified characters resemble Chinese calligraphy which, when written quickly and skillfully, blends many of the strokes together, creating a graceful impression of the word. There are many strong opinions about Simplified and Traditional characters. Some people who were raised in Mainland China and who learned Simplified characters as children love them and think that they are superior to the “old” kind. On the other hand, some older persons and people from Taiwan and Hong Kong think that the communist government desecrated their ancient and beautiful system of writing. For some people, the issue is political in nature. Many people dislike anything produced by a communist government, including Simplified characters. Those in favor of Communism feel a patriotic pride for the achievements of their government. We, on the other hand, are obviously neutral when it comes to these political views. But, since Pinyin was developed in Mainland China, all of the Pinyin literature produced by the Society also use Simplified characters. So, this book will use Simplified characters. Each Chinese character represents one syllable, or one Pinyin word, such as “xiang” or “zhong”. Because Chinese words are monosyllabic, there are only about 400 syllables possible (not counting the tonal variations) in the Mandarin language. (Please see chart, also in the Preface) This means that Mandarin Chinese has an enormous amount of homonyms (words that sound the same). In English, words that sound alike such as “meat” and “meet” are relatively rare, but homonyms are the norm in Mandarin. How do the Chinese avoid confusion, then? Often, several words must be

vi

combined to form a distinct word. For example, the word 和hé

means “peace”, but when used alone, it sounds like the words for “shut”, “box”, “lotus”, quill”, “jaws”… and the homonyms go on and on. So,

that can become quite confusing. So, in order to make the meaning clear, 和hé

is often combined with

another word that also means “peace”, 平píng

. Together, 和平

hépíng

unmistakably sounds like “peace”. So, the Chinese language may seem redundant at times, but with good reason. At other times, two words with different meanings are put together to create a new thought. In English this is also done. “Basket” and “ball” by themselves are words, but together they form a new word, “basketball”. An

example of this in Chinese is 中国

zhōngguó

. The character 中

zhōng

alone means “middle”. The character

国

guó

alone means “country”. Yet, together, 中国

zhōngguó

means “China” or “Middle Kingdom”, literally. So, these compound words are written without spaces between them in the Pinyin system. This makes it clear that there should not be a pause in between the words when speaking. One should say “zhongguo” and not “zhong / guo”. Chinese characters are made up of strokes. In order to write a character properly, these strokes must be written in the proper order. Some dictionaries (such as “Write and Write Chinese” by Rita Mei-Wah Choi) include the stroke order for every character in the dictionary. In order to be able to write Chinese well, you must write each new character over and over again until you feel comfortable with it. Generally, this means writing each character at least 50 to 100 times. This is really the only way to get them right! Even Chinese children learn this way. (*For more information on Chinese, please also see “A language that is Radically Different” g! 75 5/22 pages 9-13)

Tones One thing about Mandarin that Chinese people pick up much more easily than native English speakers is the four tones. All Chinese dialects have tones (some have eleven or more), so Chinese people are accustomed to their use and significance. To some non- Chinese speaking people, though, the concept of tones can be quite difficult to get used to. Yet, in order to speak Mandarin understandably we must get used to the idea. What are tones, exactly? Tones are different pitches of the voice that in English are used to convey different emotions or shades of meaning. For example, a curious “What?” has a very different tone from an angry “What?!” In Chinese, though, tones do not just signify different emotions, but they signify completely different words. The difference between the words for “horse” and “mother” in Mandarin is purely tonal. “Horse” is a low tone whereas “mother” is a high tone. Yet, they are both pronounced “ma”. So, it is clear that being able to differentiate between the four tones is essential to being understood when speaking Mandarin. At first, we may feel a little silly saying the four tones, but with practice it will become second nature to us. Tones one through four are as follows: First Tone: a high, level tone – your voice should not rise or drop. Think of how a robot would talk: very flat, not falling or rising. A common mistake that students make is not going high enough- if you can go higher, then do it. Second Tone: starting at the middle range of your voice and sharply rising up to a higher tone. Where you start this tone should be comfortable for you- if you start out too high, then you won’t be able to make your voice go much higher. Third Tone: Full third tone: (used when a word is at the end of a phrase or sentence) go as low as you can go and then raise your voice slightly at the end. You should be able to feel your chest vibrate. This tone may feel a bit uncomfortable at first, but that means that you are doing it

vii

right. Half Third Tone: most third tones are half third tones. Go as low as you can go and do not make your voice rise at the end. This tone is shorter than full third tone. Fourth Tone: Starts high, then sharply drops to a lower tone. Think of a karate chop, or say it as you are stomping your foot. This tone should come more easily to Americans learning Mandarin. There is also a fifth, neutral tone. This tone has no special emphasis. It is light and short. Please remember, too, that these tones are all said with your speaking voice. Do not sing your tones. Each person has a different vocal range. Women generally have a higher voice than men. So, in general, women’s first tones will sound higher than a man’s. And a man’s third tone will sound lower than a woman’s. What is important is each tone in relation to the other tones we use. When pronouncing two or more syllables that make up a word, try to make the tones flow naturally. This will take a lot practice, such as reading out loud. Practice until you do not have to pause before each tone changes. You may pause between phrases and sentences, of course. Below is a chart representing the four tones in the normal speaking range.

NORMAL SPEAKING RANGE :

First tone is short, high, and does not waver. Second tone starts at the middle to low range and sharply goes higher.

Third tone curves, but always stays as low as you can go. Fourth tone starts high and sharply goes low.

“Fifth” tone has no special emphasis- it is short and light.

Note: Using your hands to “gesture” the tones as you speak can really help to train your voice. Imitate the direction of the tones with your hand as you speak.

STUDY BOOKS 1. Pimsleur Mandarin Tapes 1-800-222-5860

2. Passport to Chinese (100 most commonly used characters) Lin Shan

3. Learn to write (traditional characters only) Johan Bjorksten 117 pgs. ISBN 0-300-05771-7

4. Fun with Chinese Idioms V. 1,2 (for advanced students) Simplified characters. Ching Yee & John Smithback. ISBN 981-01-3069-4, 128 pgs.

5. Chinese in 10 minutes a day (comes with flashcards) ISBN 0-944502-10-5

GRAMMAR 1. Reference Grammar by Henry Hung-Yeh Tiee. 395 pgs.

2. Guide to Proper Usage of Spoken Chinese by Tian Shou-He. ISBN 962-201-539-5

DICTIONARIES

1. Oxford Starter Chinese Dictionary. Oxford Univ. Press. 0-19-860258-8 Good for beginners. Chinese/English & English/Chinese

2. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing University. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 7-5600-1325-2. Organized by pinyin. Simplified & Traditional.

3. ABC Chinese-English Dictionary by John DeFrancis. Organized by Pinyin. Simplified.

4. Far East Chinese-English Dictionary. ISBN 957-612-331-3. Organized by radicals and pinyin. Traditional.

5. Chinese-English/Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary. Hippocrene Books. 0-7818-0427-2. Characters and pinyin.

6. Concise English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-591151-2 Large print edition. Characters & Pinyin. Simplified & Traditional.

COMPUTER AIDES

1. www.zhongwen.com 2. www.cwps.cwc.net (British brother’s site- has pinyin publications plus other useful stuff) 3. NJ Star word processor- simplest program for typing Chinese, free demo available. 4. Chi-KEW - slightly more advanced program for typing Chinese, English to Chinese and Chinese to English definitions, ask Leah or Kim for more info. 5. CWPS (Chinese Word Processing System)- similar to Chi-kew but much more advanced, includes Chinese Bible and Cantonese, ask Leah or Kim for more info.

THEOCRATIC AIDES 1. Require Broc. -(Mandarin) Cassette tape

-Brochure with Pinyin 2. Lasting Peace & Happiness Broc. -(Mandarin) Cassette tape 3. Bible Stories Book- (Mandarin) Cassette tape 4. Many books from Greek Scriptures- Cassette tapes 5. Most videos also available in Mandarin 6. Knowledge book- available with Pinyin 7. Several Drama audiocassettes 8. Kingdom Ministries- available in Pinyin 9. Great Teacher book Cassette tapes (Mandarin)

Grammar Charts The following charts are examples of how grammar learning can be simplified. The following charts show how you can use vocabulary that you have already learned to compose literally hundreds of different sentences. The colors represent different parts of speech. Try to read through the charts and understand the possible combinations of words. Each chart represents a complete sentence. Different charts show different grammar patterns. Subject Auxiliary verb VO Subject VO complex Chuandaoyuan yao banjia Xianqu xiang shangban Nu’er hui xiaban Er.zi keyi shangxue Sun.zi neng xiaxue Sunnu xiangyao shang juhui Linju yinggai kaiche Dongwu yuanyi chuandao Fenqu Jiandu leyi shuijiao Quyu Jiandu jixu wen wenti Daiwu Jiandu zongshi huida wenti Tebie xianqu bixu zoulu Ex. 邻居

línjū

必须bìxū

搬家bānjiā

。 The neighbors must move. Ex. 我wŏ

跳舞tiàowŭ

。 I dance.

Ex. 动物dòngwù

总是zŏngshì

睡觉shuìjiào

。 Animals usually sleep. Ex. 长老zhănglăo

写xiĕ

字zì

。 The Elder writes.

Subject adverb (not essential to sentence) (includes implied “is”) adjective Wo hen (very) piaoliang Ta ting (quite) hao Ta Ba.ba feichang (extremely) re Ta Ma.ma bu (not) leng Wo.de laoban hao (very) lei Wo zhang.fu mang Wo qi.zi nanguo Wo zhi.zi kuaile Tianshi xinku Hai.zi congming Nanren ke’ai Nuren rexin Ex. 他

tā

爸爸bàba

非常fēicháng

忙máng

。 His Father is extremely busy.

Ex. 我的wŏde

老板lăobăn

好hăo

辛苦xīnkŭ

。 My boss is very hard-working (under tough conditions).

Wo chifan Ta paobu Ni shuijiao Ba.ba kanshu Ma.ma tiaowu Ye.ye zoulu Lao.lao chuandao Wo.de pengyou heshui Zhanglao nabao Zhulipuren xiezi Ge.ge kaiche Jie.jie chuan yi.fu

Subject VO complex –Verb 地de

adverb Wo chifan chi .de kuai Ta paobu pao .de man Ta Ba.ba shuijiao shui .de rongyi Ta Ma.ma kanshu kan .de cuxin Wo.de laoban tiaowu tiao .de xixin Wo zhang.fu zoulu zou .de kuaile Wo qi.zi chuandao chuan .de rexin Wo zhi.zi heshui he .de nanguo Tianshi nabao na .de gaoxing Hai.zi xiezi xie .de hao Nanren kaiche kai .de buhao Nuren chuan yi.fu chuan .de shengqi

Ex. 男人nánrén

喝hē

水shuĭ

喝hē

地de

快kuài

。 The man drinks water quickly.

Ex. 她tā

妈妈māma

走zŏu

路lù

走zŏu

地de

慢màn

。Her mother walks slowly.

Subject 所suŏ

verb 的de

(#) noun adjective Chuandaoyuan suo zuo .de (Yi.ge) biyu hao Xianqu ting (# MW) fang.zi buhao Nu’er shuo ren fuza Er.zi xiang hua jiandan Sun.zi xie shu haoting Sunnu kan gongzuo nankan Linju du yanjiang haokan Zhi.zi he dianying haochi Fenqu Jiandu gei fan haohe Quyu Jiandu wangji hongjiu xinku Daiwu Jiandu chi qiche gui Tebie xianqu mai tonggong pianyi Ex. 分区监督

fēnqūjiāndū

所suŏ

给gĕi

的de

演讲yănjiăng

好hăo

。The talk that the C.O. gave was good.

Ex. 儿子érzi

所suŏ

说shuō

的de

话huà

简单jiăndān

。 The words that (the) son spoke were simple.

“Shi….de” construction: can be used with adjectives

Subject 是shì

个gè

adverb adjective 的de

noun Ta shi .ge hen hao .de ren Wo shi ting piaoliang chuandaoyuan Ta.de pengyou

shi feichang shuai yanjiangzhe

Zhulipuren shi bu pang laoban Ta.de Zhangfu

shi hao shou tonggong

Ex. 她tā

的de

丈夫zhàngfu

是shì

个gè

很好hĕnhăo

的de

传道员chuándàoyuán

。Her husband is a very good publisher.

1

普通话pŭtōnghuà

： Mandarin Chinese

第一dìyī

课kè

：First Lesson

数字 数字shùzì

Numbers 1 – 20, 30 - 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0 - 10 : 零líng

一yī

二èr

三sān

四sì

五wŭ

六liù

七qī

八bā

九jiŭ

十shí

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

11 – 20 : 十一shíyī

十二shí’èr

十三shísān

十四shísì

十五shíwŭ

十六shíliù

十七shíqī

十八shíbā

十九shíjiŭ

二十èrshí

21 22 23 24 25

21-2５: 二十一èrshíyī

二十èrshí

二èr

二十三èrshísān

二十四èrshísì

二十五èrshíwŭ

, etc. 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

30, 40, - 100 : 三十sānshí

四十sìshí

五十wŭshí

六十liùshí

七十qīshí

八十bāshí

九十jiŭshí

一百yībăi

How to say 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc. (ordinal numbers)

*Put “di” in front of the number ( Di : 第 )

1st = 第一dìyī

, 2nd = 第二dì’èr

, 3rd = 第三dìsān

, 4th = 第四dìsì

, 5th = 第五dìwŭ

, etc.

Mandarin, First Lesson = 普通话pŭtōnghuà

第一dìyī

课kè

Mandarin, Thirty-fourth Lesson = 普通话pŭtōnghuà

第dì三十sānshí

四sì课kè

Mandarin, One Hundreth Lesson = 普通话pŭtōnghuà

第dì一百yībăi

课kè

2

第dì一yī课kè：生词

shēngcí

New Words

你好nĭhăo

hello 我wŏ

I, me

您nín

好hăo

(formal) hello 我们wŏmen

we, us

昨天zuótiān

yesterday 他tā

he, him

明天míngtiān

tomorrow 她tā

she, her

後天hòutiān

in 2 days 他们tāmen

them

这zhè

边biān

this side 它tā

it

那nà

边biān

that side 它们tāmen

them (inanimate objects)

左zuŏ

left 你nĭ

you

右yòu

right 你们nĭmen

you (plural)

上个星期shànggèxīngqī

last week 下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

四sì

next Thursday

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

next week 上个星期shànggèxīngqī

天tiān

last Sunday

介绍词jièshàocí

： Presentation Hello! Here is good news for you. Please read it. Goodbye!

你好nĭhăo

! 给gĕi

您nín

好消息hăoxiāoxī

. 请qĭng

您nín

读dú、 好hăo

吗ma

? 再见zàijiàn

!

是shì

: “to be”, “is”, “was”, “were”, “are”, “am”

Chinese speaking people use verbs (like “is”) very differently than English speaking people do. English speakers conjugate, or change, most verbs depending on what they are talking about, but that is not true in Mandarin. For example: If a Chinese person were to speak English like he speaks Chinese, he may sound like this:

“Yesterday I is a teacher, but today I is a student. Tomorrow I is a professor.”

“昨天zuótiān

我wŏ

是shì

老师lăoshī

、但是dànshì

今天jīntiān

我wŏ

是shì

学生xuésheng

。 明天míngtiān

我wŏ

是shì

教授jiàoshòu

。”

As you can see, Chinese grammar can be easier than English grammar! ☺

3

CHINESE PHONETIC DRILL

Zāo záo zăo zào Hāo háo hăo hào Bāi bái băi bài Fāng fáng făng fàng Shāo sháo shăo shào

Dā dá dă dà

Zhī zhí zhĭ zhì chāng cháng chăng chàng

Chēng chéng chĕng chèng qiāo qiáo qiăo qiào Shī shí shĭ shì dī dí dĭ dì Lēi léi lĕi lèi yē yé yĕ yè Quān quán quăn quàn gē gé gĕ gè Huān huán huăn huàn tū tú tŭ tù Yōng yóng yŏng yòng qiān qián qiăn qiàn Fēn fén fĕn fèn zhoū zhoú zhoŭ zhoù Xiān xián xiăn xiàn yī yí yĭ yì Shēng shéng shĕng shèng xiē xié xiĕ xiè

4

Bible Books

希伯来语xībóláiyŭ

圣经shèngjīng

希腊语xīlàyŭ

圣经shèngjīng

新约xīnyuē

旧约jiùyuē

Hebrew Scriptures Greek Scriptures New Testament Old Testament

创世纪 chuàngshìjì Genesis 马太福音 mătàifúyīn Matthew 出埃及记 chū’āijíjì Exodus 马可福音 măkĕfúyīn Mark 利未记 lìwèijì Leviticus 路加福音 lùjiāfúyīn Luke 民数记 mínshùjì Numbers 约翰福音 yuēhànfúyīn John 申命记 shēnmìngjì Deuteronomy 使徒行传 shĭtúxíngzhuàn Acts 约书亚记 yuēshūyăjì Joshua 罗马书 luómăshū Romans 士师记 shìshījì Judges 哥林多前书 gēlínduōqiánshū 1 Corinthians 路得记 lùdéjì Ruth 哥林多後书 gēlínduōhoùshū 2 Corinthians 撒母耳记上 sāmŭ’ĕrjìshàng 1 Samuel 加拉太书 jiālātàishū Galatians 撒母耳记下 sāmŭ’ĕrjìxià 2 Samuel 以弗所书 yĭfúsuŏshū Ephesians 列王纪上 lièwángjìshàng 1 Kings 腓立比书 féilìbĭshū Philippians 列王纪下 lièwángjìxià 2 Kings 歌罗西书 gēluóxīshū Colossians 历代志上 lìdàizhìshàng 1 Chronicles 帖前 tiĕsāluóníjiāqiánshū 1 Thessalonians 历代志下 lìdàizhìxià 2 Chronicles 帖後 tiĕsāluóníjiāhoùshū 2 Thessalonians 以斯拉记 yĭsīlājì Ezra 提摩太前书 tímótàiqiánshū 1 Timothy 尼希米记 níxīmĭjì Nehemiah 提摩太后书 tímótàihoùshū 2 Timothy 以斯帖记 yĭsītiĕjì Esther 提多书 tíduōshū Titus 约伯记 yuēbójì Job 腓利门书 féilìménshū Philemon 诗篇 shīpiān Psalms 希伯来书 xībóláishū Hebrews 箴言 zhēnyán Proverbs 雅各书 yăgèshū James 传道书 chuándàoshū Ecclesiastes 彼得前书 bĭdéqiánshū 1 Peter 雅歌 yăgē Song of Solomon 彼得後书 bĭdéhoùshū 2 Peter 以赛亚书 yĭsàiyăshū Isaiah 约翰一书 yuēhànyīshū 1 John 耶利米书 yēlìmĭshū Jeremiah 约翰二书 yuēhànèrshū 2 John 耶利米哀歌 yēlìmĭ’āigē Lamentations 约翰三书 yuēhànsānshū 3 John 以西结书 yĭxījiéshū Ezekiel 犹大书 yoúdàshū Jude 但以理书 dànyĭlĭshū Daniel 启示录 qĭshìlù Revelation 何西阿书 héxī’āshū Hosea

约珥书 yuē’ĕrshū Joel

阿摩司书 āmósīshū Amos Ex:

俄巴底亚书 ébādĭyăshū Obadiah Yăgèshū dì sì zhāng dì liù jié James 4:6 约拿书 yuēnáshū Jonah Shīpiān dì wŭ piān dì yī dào sān jié : 弥迦书 míjiāshū Micah Psalm 5:1-3

那鸿书 nàhóngshū Nahum

哈巴谷书 hābāgŭshū Habakkuk

西番雅书 xīfānyăshū Zephaniah

哈该书 hāgāishū Haggai

撒迦利亚书 sājiālìyăshū Zechariah

玛拉基书 mălājīshū Malachi From:Budapest Concise Chinese Course pg.7

5

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊ 第 二 课

实用的shíyòngde

生词shēngcí

Practical Vocabulary

公共汽车gōnggòngqìchē

Bus 星期xīngqī

Week

火车huŏchē

Train 星期一xīngqīyī

Monday

卡车kăchē

Truck 星期二xīngqī’èr

Tuesday

路lù

Road 星期三xīngqīsān

Wednesday

汽油qìyóu

Gasoline 星期四xīngqīsì

Thursday

厕所cèsuŏ

Restroom 星期五xīngqīwŭ

Friday

警察jĭngchá

Police 星期六xīngqīliù

Saturday

出租车chūzūchē

Taxi 星期天xīngqītiān

Sunday

汽车qìchē

Car 月yuè

Month (add #’s 1 – 12 = months)

地铁dìtiĕ

Subway 年nián

Year

6

新xīn

介绍词jièshàocí

＂axã cÜxáxÇàtà|ÉÇ＂

你好nĭhăo

！给gĕi

你nĭ

好消息hăoxiāoxī

。(hand them literature) 请qĭng

你nĭ

看kàn

这zhè

段duàn

经文jīngwén

。 Hello! Here is good news for you. Please look at this scripture. (show householder Psalm 37:29)

＂义人yìrén

必bì

得dé

著zháo

大地dàdì

、 永远yŏngyuăn

在zài

地上dìshàng

安居ānjū

。＂再见zàijiàn

！

新xīn动词dòngcí

axã ixÜuM

＂有yŏu

＂ : “to have”, “had”, “will have”

你nĭ

有yŏu

汽车qìchē

吗ma

？ Do you have a car? ( 吗 “.ma” makes a statement into a question.)

我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

汽车qìchē

。 I don’t have a car. ( 没有 “meiyou” = “don’t have”)

你nĭ

有yŏu

火车huŏchē

吗ma

？ __________________________________ (fill in the translation)

我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

火车huŏchē

。 __________________________________

他们tāmen

有yŏu

汽车qìchē

吗ma

？ ________________________________

他们tāmen

有yŏu

没有méiyŏu

汽车qìchē

? Do you have a car? (有没有 “you meiyou”: duplicating a verb makes a statement into a question, just like using “.ma” does. This is commonly done. )

7

Fill in the Missing Words and Tones

Wo zai xingqiwu went to buy a new qiche, because wo mei___ qiche. But, wo found out new qiche very expensive. Wo mei___ enough money. So, wo decided to buy an old kache instead. Thankfully, wo ____ enough money to buy an old kache!

Wo zai xingqi___ drove wo.de old ______ to the juhui. But, wo.de kache mei____ enough qiyou! Halfway to the _____, wo ran out of _____. Many qiche passed wo, but no one stopped to help wo. As wo sat on the side of the lu, wo called the jingcha. Tamen said tamen will come very quickly to help ___. Wo waited and waited. It seemed like many yue passed, yet still tamen meiyou come! So, wo took a ___________ to get to the juhui because wo couldn’t wait any longer. Wo didn’t want to miss the juhui。Wo also really needed to use the cesuo!

8

练习金字塔 Lianxi Pyramids

是shì

什么shénme

？

这zhè

是shì

什么shénme

？

这个zhègè

是shì

什么shénme

？

这个zhègè

东西dōngxi

是shì

什么shénme

？

这个zhègè

小xiăo

东西dōngxi

是shì

什么shénme

？

是shì

上帝shàngdì

。

耶和华yēhéhuá

是shì

上帝shàngdì

。

圣经shèngjīng

说shuō

耶和华yēhéhuá

是shì

上帝shàngdì

。

是shì

传道员chuándàoyuán

。

是shì

费城fèichéng

的de

传道员chuándàoyuán

。

是shì

费城fèichéng

会众huìzhòng

的de

传道员chuándàoyuán

。

都doū

是shì

费城fèichéng

会众huìzhòng

的de

传道员chuándàoyuán

。

这些zhèxie

弟兄dìxiōng

都doū

是shì

费城fèichéng

会众huìzhòng

的de

传道员chuándàoyuán

。

是shì

上帝的话语shàngdìdehuàyŭ

。

圣经shèngjīng

是shì

上帝的话语shàngdìdehuàyŭ

。

相信xiāngxìn

圣经shèngjīng

是shì

上帝的话语shàngdìdehuàyŭ

。

都doū

相信xiāngxìn

圣经shèngjīng

是shì

上帝的话语shàngdìdehuàyŭ

。

耶和华见证人yēhéhuájiànzhèngrén

都doū

相信xiāngxìn

圣经shèngjīng

是shì

上帝的话语shàngdìdehuàyŭ

。

9

普通话 第三课

生词：王国聚会所wángguójùhuìsuŏ

: Kingdom Hall

受难纪念shòunànjìniàn

Memorial 助理仆人zhùlĭpúrén

Mini. servant 图书馆túshūguăn

library

书籍研究班shūjíyánjiūbān

Book Study 长老zhănglăo

Elder 书刊shūkān

literature

传道工作聚会chuándàogōngzuòjùhuì

Service Mtg 传道员chuándàoyuán

publisher 捐献juānxiàn

donation

传道训练班chuándàoxùnliànbān

T. M. School 先驱xiānqū

pioneer 唱歌chànggē

to sing a song

守望台研究shŏuwàngtáiyánjiū

WT study 弟兄dìxiōng

brother 热情rèqíng

cordial /warm

圣经学生shèngjīngxuéshēng

Bible student 姐妹jiĕmèi

sister 大dà

large/big

捐款juānkuăn

contribution 示范shìfàn

demonstration 小xiăo

small

讲台jiăngtái

platform 会众huìzhòng

congregation 新xīn

new

聚会jùhuì

meeting 演讲yănjiăng

a talk 老lăo

old

新xīn

介绍词jièshàocí

: New Presentation

你好nĭhăo

！给gĕi

你nĭ 好消息hăoxiāoxī

。 Hello! Here is good news for you! (hand householder literature)

请qĭng

你nĭ 看kàn

这zhè

段duàn

经文jīngwén

。(Read Shipian 37:29) Please look at/read this. (read Ps. 37:29)

我wŏ

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

再zài

来lái 拜访bàifăng

你nĭ、好hăo

吗ma

？ I can come back next week , is that ok?

Householder: (好hăo

: ok / 不好bùhăo

: not ok）

10

??????? Question Words ???????

谁shéi

who 哪nă

which one

什麽shénme

what 哪nă

些xiē

which ones

什麽shénme

时候shíhòu

when 多少duōshăo

how many, how much (for any #)

在zài

那儿năr

／在zài

哪里năli

where 几jĭ

how many, how much (for small #s)

为什麽wèishénme

why 吗ma

question particle (makes statement into a ?)

干gàn

吗ma

what for 呢ne

question particle (makes a question less formal)

怎麽zĕnme

how、 what 吧ba

question particle (asking for agreement)

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

how is it 啊a

question particle (softens the question; polite)

多duō

how、 how many 何hé

how/which/where/why (depends on context)

Some examples of usage….

Nimen shi shei? Who are you? Zhe shi shenme? What is this?

Ta shenme shihou lai? When is he coming? Tamen zai nar? Where are they? (spoken style) Ni weishenme chuandao? Why do you preach? Ni ganma chuandao? What do you preach for? (very colloquial) Women zenme zuo haoren? How can we be good people? Ni zenmeyang? How are you? Ta duo da? How old is she? Na ben Shengjing shi ni.de? Which Bible is yours? Na xie Shengjing shi ni.de? Which Bibles are yours?

Zhe.ge duoshao qian? How much does this cost? Ni you ji.ge hai.zi? How many kids do you have? Ni you hai.zi .ma? Do you have kids? Shei .a? Who is it? Ni you hai.zi .ba? You have kids, don’t you? Ni you hai.zi .ne? And do you have kids, then? BONUS: Ni shibushi Yehehua Jianzhengren?

Niyoumeiyou zazhi?

11

Biographical Database

Get up, walk around the room, greet your classmates in Mandarin, and then ask them these questions (please, use ONLY Mandarin!!!). Answer the questions in Mandarin (except #3- you can use English, but please be BREIF). Write down the answer using Pinyin in your notebook. Then, switch roles. Try to talk with as many classmates as possible in allotted time. Use this time for practicing your Mandarin.

1. Q: 你nĭ 叫jiào

什麽shénme

名字míngzi

？ (What is your name?)

A: 我wŏ

叫jiào

______. (My name is _____.)

2. Q: 你nĭ的de 电话diànhuà

号码hàomă

是shì

多少duōshăo

? (What is your phone number?)

A: 我wŏ

的de 电话diànhuà

号码hàomă

是shì

(___) -___-_____. (My phone number is ( ) ___-_____.)

3. Q: 你nĭ 为什麽wèishénme

想xiăng

学习xuéxí

普通话pŭtōnghuà

？

(Why are you learning Mandarin?) A: (use English- please be brief)

4. Q: 你nĭ 住zhù

在zài 哪里năli

？ (Where do you live?)

A: 我wŏ

住zhù

在zài

( state ) . (I live in _____.)

12

Grammar Practice

NOUN: A person, place, animal, state, or thing. (Harry, house, dog, car, box, etc.) PRONOUN: A small class of words that replace a noun or noun phrase. (I, me, he, she, them, who, it, we, etc.) ADJECTIVE: A word which describes or modifies a noun. (a red car, a thin girl, the fat cow, dark room, etc.) VERB: An action, state, or relation between two things (to run, to be, to love, to talk, to go, to do, etc) In English, verbs often start with “to”. An AUXILIARY VERB is a helping verb, it goes before the main verb. (She wants to run. , He has to go. , or Terry will go to the game.) The OBJECT of a verb is a noun that the verb applies to. (to eat food, walk on the road, read a book, etc. These phrases in Chinese are Verb-Object Complexes.) ADVERB: A word which modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or clauses. In English, often ends in –ly. (quickly run, slowly walk, carefully write, etc.) Other examples of adverbs: “now”, “very”, “well”, “here”, etc. The SUBJECT of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is talking about. (The dog barked. or He ran quickly to the market.) To determine what the subject is, ask yourself: “Who or what barked?” . QUESTION PARTICLE: (Chinese) A word usually used at the end of a sentence which makes the sentence into a question. (.ma, .ne, .ba, .ya, etc) GRAMMAR PARTICLE: (Chinese) A word that only has a “grammar” meaning and usage. (.de, .le, -zhi, -zhe, etc.)

**Grammar formulas used in this class have the purpose of breaking down and simplifying Chinese grammar. We use abbreviations to stand for the above grammar words. To make a sentence, just plug words into the formula. Here are some examples of “grammar formulas” and how to break them down.

Grammar Formula: S- VO . He ate food. “He” = Subject, “ate” = Verb, “food” = Object. Henry read the book. “Henry” = Subject, “read” = Verb, “book” = Object

Grammar Formula: S- aux.v- VO. She wants to go to China. “She” = Subject, “wants” = Aux. Verb, “to go” = Verb ,“China” = Object He will read a book. “He” = Subject, “will” = Aux. Verb, “read” = Verb, “a book” = Object.

13

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊第dì

四sì

课kè

生词shēngcí

：外wài

勤qín

服务fúwù

Field Service

守望台shŏuwàngtái

Watchtower 传道chuándào

地区dìqū

territory

儆醒jĭngxĭng

Awake 传道chuándào

小时xiăoshí

field service hours

单张dānzhāng

tract 传道chuándào

报告bàogào

field service report

杂志zázhì

magasine 好消息hăoxiāoxī

good news

书shū

book 空kòng

free time, leisure

大册子dàcèzĭ

brochure 圣经shèngjīng

The Bible

正规先驱zhèngguīxiānqū

regular pioneer 高兴gāoxìng

to be happy

扶助fúzhù

先驱xiānqū

auxiliary pioneer 问题wèntí

question

全时服务quánshífúwù

full-time service 续访xùfăng

return visit

外wài

勤qín

服务fúwù

field service 分发fēnfā

to place, distribute

圣经shèngjīng

研究yánjiū

Bible study 成功chénggōng

to be sucessful

挨家逐户āijiāzhúhù

door-to-door 热心rèxīn

to be zealous

家庭jiātíng

圣经shèngjīng

研究yánjiū

family study 重要zhòngyào

to be important

忙máng

to be busy 喜欢xĭhuan

to like

传道员chuándàoyuán

publisher 传道chuándào

to preach

14

新xīn

介绍词jièshàocí

：New Presentation

你好nĭhăo

！给gĕi

你nĭ

好消息hăoxiāoxī

。请qĭng

你nĭ

看kàn

这zhè

段duàn

经文jīngwén

：(Read Ps. 37:29) Hello! Here is good news for you. Please look at/read this scripture:

＂义人yìrén

必bì

得dé

著zháo

大地dàdì

、 永远yŏngyuăn

在zài

地上dìshàng

安居ānjū

。＂

我wŏ

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

再zài

来lái

拜访bàifăng

你nĭ

、好hăo

吗ma

？ (answer: 好hào

- good ,不好bùhăo

- not good) I can come back next week, is that ok?

你nĭ

什麽shénme

时候shíhòu

有yŏu

空kòng

？ (answer: a day of the week, time of day) When do you have free time?

好hăo

、下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

见jiàn

！ Ok, see you next week!

15

Telling Time

点diăn

: o’clock 分钟fēnzhōng

: minute(s)

刻kè

: quarter of an hour 半bàn

: half

差chà

: short of

Examples:

12:00 十二shí’èr

点diăn

12:30 十二shí’èr

点diăn

三十sānshí

分fēn

12:05 十二shí’èr

点diăn

五wŭ

分fēn

十二shí’èr

点diăn

半bàn

12:15 十二shí’èr

点diăn

十五shíwŭ

分fēn

12:45 十二shí’èr

点diăn

四十sìshí

五wŭ

分fēn

十二shí’èr

点diăn

一yī

刻kè

十二shí’èr

点diăn

三sān

刻kè

Dialogue ： 对话duìhuà

Anna: 请问qĭngwèn

、现在xiànzài

几jĭ

点diăn

？

Mr Wang: 现在xiànzài

八bā

点diăn

半bàn

。

Anna: 谢谢xièxie

！ (time passes…)

Anna: 请问qĭngwèn

、火车huŏchē

几jĭ

点diăn

来lái

呢ne

？

Mr Wang: 火车huŏchē

九jiŭ

点diăn

来lái

。

Anna: 谢谢xièxie

、再见zàijiàn

！

16

Tone Practice

1/1 耶稣yēsū

Jesus 基督jīdū

Christ 诗篇shīpiān

Psalms 1/2 家庭

jiātíng family 箴言

zhēnyánProverbs 真实

zhēnshíreal

1/3 英语yīngyŭ

English 方法fāngfă

method 身体shēntĭ

body 1/4 天气

tiānqì weather 生病

shēngbìngsick 生气

shēngqìangry

2/1 福音fúyīn

Gospel 奇迹qíjī

miracle 原因yuányīn

reason

2/2 难题nántí

problems 学习xuéxí

study 人民rénmín

citizens

2/3 烦恼fánnăo

worry 魔鬼móguĭ

Devil 完美wánmĕi

perfect

2/4 传道chuándào

to preach 人类rénlèi

mankind 赎价shújià

ransom

3/1 永生yŏngshēng

纽约niŭyuē

New York 可惜kĕxī

a pity

3/2 死亡sĭwáng

death 解决jiĕjué

to solve 美国mĕiguó

America

3/3 马mă

可kĕ

Mark 想法xiăngfă

viewpoint 可以kĕyĭ

can

3/4 免费miănfèi

free 偶像ŏuxiàng

idol 祷告dăogào

pray

4/1 圣经shèngjīng

Bible 唱歌chànggē

to sing 路加lùjiā

Luke

4/2 乐园lèyuán

paradise 夏娃xiàwá

Eve 任何rènhé

any

4/3 政府zhèngfŭ

government 浸礼jìnlĭ

baptism 作者zuòzhĕ

author

4/4 世界shìjiè

world 意见yìjiàn

opinion 暴力bàolì

violence

The most difficult tone combinations for English speakers are highlighted in grey. Please practice those very well.

17

The Differences between 不bù

and 没méi

Humor and Negatives 1. Negation

不bù

: not, not want to

没méi

: not (only used with 有yŏu

)

没有méiyŏu

: haven’t (negation of verb in the past) 2. Examples

我wŏ

不bù

看kàn

！ I will not look!

我wŏ

不能bùnéng

看kàn

。I can’t see.

我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

看kàn

。 I didn’t see.

我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

杂志zázhì

。I don’t have magazines.

我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

读dú

过guò

这zhè

本bĕn

书shū

。 I haven’t read this book. 3. Good News/Bad News

The good news is, I went out in service. The bad news is, I did not have any literature. The good news is, my partner had extra. The bad news is, the householder couldn’t read Chinese. The good news is, I had my “Good news for all Nations” booklet. The bad news is, it doesn’t have Cambodian. The good news is, the little girl said, “My mommy can’t speak English, but I can!”

18

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊第dì

五wŭ

课kè

＊家庭jiātíng

＊ FAMILY

爸爸bàba

Dad 丈夫zhàngfu

husband 婚姻hūnyīn

marriage

妈妈māma

Mom 妻子qīzi

wife 爱ài

to love

儿子érzi

son 家庭jiātíng

family 尊重zūnzhòng

to respect

女儿n ’éǚ r

daughter 孩子háizi

child 离婚líhūn

to divorce

叔叔shūshu

uncle * 仁慈réncí

kind 关心guānxīn

to care

姑gū

姑gū

aunt * 亲密qīnmì

close 配偶pèi’oŭ

spouse

爷爷yéye

Grandfather * 沟通gōutōng

communication 孙子sūnzi

grandson

奶奶năinai

Grandmother * 消遣xiāoqiăn

recreation 孙女sūnnǚ

granddaughter

侄zhí

子zi

nephew * 管教guănjiào

discipline 祷告dăogào

to pray

侄zhí

女nǚ

niece * 结婚jiéhūn

to get married 基督徒jīdūtú

Christian

父亲fùqīn

father 母亲mŭqīn

mother 父母fùmŭ

parents

* Father’s side of the family; the mother’s side is below:

老爷lăoye

／ 外wài

公gōng

Grandfather 舅jiù

舅jiù

uncle 外甥wàishēng

nephew

姥姥lăolao

／外婆wàipó

Grandmother 阿姨āyí

aunt 外甥wàishēng

女nǚ

niece

19

axã ixÜuM “TO GO” ：去qù

Fill in the blanks.

安娜ānnà

：我wŏ

今天jīntiān

去qù

王国聚会所wángguójùhuìsuŏ

。你nĭ

呢ne

？

王wáng

小姐xiăojie

：我wŏ

不bù

知道zhīdao

可kĕ

不bù

可以kĕyĭ

王国聚会所wángguójùhuìsuŏ

。

安娜ānnà

：你nĭ

喜欢xĭhuan

王国聚会所wángguójùhuìsuŏ

吗ma

？

王wáng

小姐xiăojie

：喜欢xĭhuan

。可是kĕshì

、我wŏ

的de

丈夫zhàngfu

不bù

要yào

我wŏ

＿＿ 王国聚会所wángguójùhuìsuŏ

。

安娜ānnà

：为什麽wèishénme

呢ne

？

王wáng

小姐xiăojie

：我wŏ

也yĕ

不bù

知道zhīdao

！

New presentation: 续访xùfăng

Return Visit

你好nĭhăo

！上次shàngcì

我wŏ

给gĕi

了le

你nĭ

好消息hăoxiāoxī

。它tā

帮助bāngzhù

人rén

学习xuéxí

圣经shèngjīng

。 Hello! Last time I gave you good news. It helps people to study the Bible.

我wŏ

觉得juéde

人rén

明白míngbai

圣经shèngjīng

很hĕn

重要zhòngyào

、所以suŏyĭ

带dài

了le

一yī

本bĕn

册子cèzi

来lái

给gĕi

你nĭ

。 I feel it’s important for people to understand the Bible, so I brought a brochure for you.

请qĭng

你nĭ

看kàn

看kàn

。再见zàijiàn

！ Please take a look. Goodbye!

20

BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE: QUESTION WORDS

The question words from page 10 are underlined in each sentence.

Questions: Answers:

１. 你好nĭhăo

！你nĭ

今天jīntiān

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

？ 很好hĕnhăo

/ 不错bùcuò

/ 还hái

可以kĕyĭ

２. 你nĭ

的de

会众huìzhòng

有yŏu

几个jĭge

先驱xiānqū

？ 我的wŏde

会众huìzhòng

有yŏu

＃个gè

先驱xiānqū

。

3. 你nĭ

有yŏu

孩子háizi

吗ma

？ 有yŏu

、我wŏ

有yŏu

＃个gè

孩子háizi

。(Yes, I have # kids.)

Or 我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

孩子háizi

。(I don’t have kids.)

4. 你nĭ

最zuì

喜欢xĭhuan

哪nă

个gè

聚会jùhuì

？ 我wŏ

最zuì

喜欢xĭhuan

________聚会jùhuì

。

Vocabulary for Biographical Database:

1. 很好hĕnhăo

： very good

2. 不错bùcuò

: pretty good

3. 还hái

可以kĕyĭ

: not bad

4. 最zuì

: most

5. 喜欢xĭhuan

: to like

6. 聚会jùhuì

：meeting

7. 孩子háizi

：child, children

8. 没有méiyŏu

：don’t have

21

Dramatic Acting

诺亚nuòyă

建造jiànzào

了le 方舟fāngzhoū

。 Noah built the ark.

该隐gāiyĭn

杀shā

了le 亚伯yàbó

。 Cain killed Abel.

雅各yăgè

给gĕi

以扫yĭsăo

红hóng

羹gēng

。 Jacob gave Esau red stew.

利lì百băi

加jiā

给gĕi

骆驼luòtuo

水shuĭ

喝hē

。 Rebecca gave the camels water to drink.

约伯yuēbó

生病shēngbìng

了le。

Job became sick.

亚当yădāng

跟gēn

夏娃xiàwá

吃chī

了le 禁果jìnguŏ

。 Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit.

22

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊ 第dì

六liù

课kè

＊ 天tiān

: HEAVEN

天使tiānshĭ

angel (s) 新娘xīnniáng

bride 十四万四千人shísìwànsìqiānrén

144,000

撒拉弗sālāfú

seraph 新郎xīnláng

groom 上帝shàngdì

的de

王国wángguó

God’s Kingdom

基路伯jīlùbó

cherub 灵líng

spirit 耶和华yēhéhuá

的de

宝座băozuò

Jehovah’s throne

灵体língtĭ

spirit person 大气dàqì

atmosphere 属天的shŭtiānde

复活fùhuó

heavenly resurrection

天上的tiānshàngde

heavenly 天空tiānkōng

the sky 新天xīntiān

new heavens

物质的wùzhìde

physical 星星xīngxing

the star (s) 新耶路撒冷xīnyēlùsālĕng

New Jerusalem

不bù死sĭ

的de

特性tèxìng

immortality 宇宙yŭzhòu

the universe 灵líng

界jiè the spirit world

小群xiăoqún

羊yáng

the little flock 看不见kànbújiàn

的de

invisible 主祷文zhŭdăowén

the Lord’s Prayer

大能的dànéngde

powerful 受shòu

膏gāo

anointed 受膏份子shòugāofènzi

anointed ones

新xīn介绍词jièshàocí

New Presentation

你好nĭhăo

！ 上次shàngcì

给gĕi

了le 你nĭ 守望台shŏuwàngtái

杂志zázhì

。 Hello! Last time, I gave you a Watchtower magazine.

请qĭng

留意liúyì

、这里zhèlĭ

说shuō

：＂ 守望台shŏuwàngtái

宣扬xuānyáng

上帝shàngdì

的de 王国wángguó

＂。 Please notice, it says here: “Watchtower Announcing Jehovah’s Kingdom”.

耶稣yēsū

在zài 主祷文zhŭdăowén

里lĭ提到tídào

这个zhègè

王国wángguó

。 Jesus mentioned this Kingdom in the Lord’s Prayer.

23

他tā 说shuō

：＂ 愿yuàn

你nĭ的de 王国wángguó

来临láilín

。 愿yuàn

你nĭ的de 旨意zhĭyì

在zài 地上dìshàng

实现shíxiàn

He said: “Let your kingdom come. Let your will be done on earth,

象xiàng

在zài 天上tiānshàng

一样yíyàng

。＂这zhè

本bĕn

杂志zázhì

解释jiĕshì

上帝shàngdì

的de 王国wángguó

as it is in heaven.” This magazine explains God’s Kingdom

是shì

什麽shénme

。 请qĭng

读dú一yī下xià

。再见zàijiàn

！ is what. Please read it. Goodbye.

新xīn动词dòngcí

： “ 做zuò

” “To make, to do”

做zuò

饭fàn

“to make (food)” 做zuò

工作gōngzuò

“to do work”

做zuò

朋友péngyou

“to make friends” 做zuò

作业zuòyè

“to do homework”

你nĭ 做zuò

什麽shénme

工作gōngzuò

？ What work do you do?

我wŏ

想xiăng

做zuò

朋友péngyou

。 I want to make friends.

*The verb “zuo” has many usages and meanings. We are only covering one aspect of this verb at this time.

圣经shèngjīng

人物rénwù

Bible Characters

Adam 亚当yàdāng

Isaac 以撒yĭsā Job 约伯

yuēbó

Dinah 底dĭ拿ná Jacob 雅各

yăgè Abel 亚伯

yàbó

Eve 夏娃xiàwá

Esau 以扫yĭsăo Aaron 亚伦

yàlún

Noah 挪亚nuóyà

Rachel 拉结lājié Moses 摩西

móxī

Abraham 亚伯拉罕yàbólāhăn

Rebecca 利lì百băi加jiā Cain 该隐

gāiyĭn

24

AUXILIARY VERBS : to be able : 可以kĕyĭ

, 会huì

, and 能néng

＊可以kĕyĭ

(verb) to be able to : This is the most commonly used way to say “can” or “able to”. In the RQ brochure, for example, it says: “Ni keyi zenyang zhidao shangdi you shenme yaoqiu?” This means, “How can you know what requirements God has?” “Keyi” can also have the connotation of “allowed to”, or

“permitted to”. For example, “Wo keyi qu Joseph.de jia.ma?” means “Can I go to Joseph’s house?”. A parent may say “keyi”, “yes, you can” or “bu keyi”, “no, you can’t”.

＊会huì

(verb) to be able to: “Hui” has the connotation of “mentally able to” or “to know how to do”. For example, “Wo hui shuo Putonghua,” means “I can speak Mandarin.” Or, “Wo hui xie zhongwen,” means “I can write Chinese.” Writing or speaking a language takes mental ability, so we use the verb “hui” to express that thought.

＊ 能néng

(verb) to be able to: “Neng” has the connotation of being physically able to do an activity. For example, a person with an injury may say, “Wo buneng paobu,” which means, “I can’t run.” Or, someone that just recovered from an injury may say, “Wo neng tiaowu,” which means, “I can dance.” (This statement has the connotation of being physically able to

dance. We could also say, “Wo hui tiaowu,” which would mean, “I know how to dance.”)

25

普通话＊弟七课 ＊ 世界shìjiè

The World

纯正的chúnzhèngde

思想sīxiăng

pure thoughts 坏huài

wicked 毒品dúpĭn

drugs

道德dàodé

的de

洁净jiéjìng

moral cleanness 榜样băngyàng

(good) example 不道德bùdàodé

immoral

身体的shēntĭde

洁净jiéjìng

physical cleanness 朋友péngyou

friend(s) 反叛fănpàn

a rebel; to rebel

思想sīxiăng

的de

洁净jiéjìng

mental cleanness 传统chuántŏng

tradition(s) 影响yĭngxiăng

influence (s)

灵líng

性xìng

的de

洁净jiéjìng

spiritual cleanness 娱乐yúlè

entertainment 消遣xiāoqiăn

recreation

不bù洁jié

行为xíngwéi

unclean practices 电影diànyĭng

movie (s) 电视diànshì

television

衣著yīzhuó

clothing, headgear, and footwear 同学tóngxué

classmate(s) 同工tónggōng

workmate

发fà

型xíng

hair style(s) 言谈yántán

speech 交往jiāowăng

to associate with

衣服yīfu

装扮zhuāngbàn

clothing styles 态度tàidu

attitude(s) 暴力bàolì

violent ; violence

不良的交往bùliángdejiāowăng

bad association (s) 说谎shuōhuăng

的de

人rén

liar (s) 伪宗教wĕizōngjiào

false religion

成语chéngyŭ

: Chinese Idioms

An idiom is a saying that tells a story or carries a specific meaning, such as “wild goose chase” or “dog eat dog world”. Chinese has many more commonly used idioms than the English language does. Chinese idioms are called “CHENGYU”.

Chengyu are usually (but not always) made up of 4 characters. They are listed in most dictionaries under the first character of the chengyu. Watchtower publications use chengyu quite often. The Lasting Peace and Happiness brochure, page 17 gives us some examples. (We have provided a copy for you to look at, last page in this lesson.)

26

Liangci 量词 : Measure Words (or MW)

A herd of horses. A flock of birds. Three loaves of bread. Nine pairs of shoes. English

has many words for GROUPS of nouns. Chinese has even more! When you are talking about a

SPECIFIC NUMBER of nouns (for example: a book, 3 people, 10 cars, etc) a MEASURE

WORD must be used before the noun.

Here are some examples: 一yī

本bĕn

书shū

(a book), 三sān

个gè

人rén

(3 people), 十shí

辆liàng

汽车qìchē

(10 cars). When English specifies “a” dog, it translates into Chinese “one” dog. If you don’t

know the proper MW, then use “ge”. It’s better than not using a measure word at all!!

If you just want to say “several” of something, without saying a specific number,

instead of a measure word, you would use “一些yīxiē

” . For example: 一些yīxiē

人rén

(several people), or

一些yīxiē

书shū

(several books)。

Some common measure words (MW) and their meanings:

* 位wèi

used to denote respect; used for Jehovah, angels, and people.

* 个gè

“all purpose MW”; used for people, Jehovah, angels, and spirit creatures.

* 只zhī

used for most mammals (dogs, cats, cows, sheep, etc), also birds

* 本bĕn

used for bound objects, such as books (Bible, encyclopedias, etc).

* 对duì

a pair, couple (yi dui fufu: a husband and wife pair)

* 条tiáo

used for long, skinny things, like snakes, rope, river, ribbon, etc

* 张zhāng

used for flat, horizontal objects, like table, desk, paper, etc

* 辆liàng

used for vehicles (cars, trucks, taxis, etc.)

* 份fèn

used for jobs, newspapers, tracts, and gifts.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Measure Words:

1. 我wŏ

有yŏu

三sān

___ 书shū

。 5. 他tā

有yŏu

四sì ____ 汽车

qìchē。

2. 我的wŏde

会众huìzhòng

有yŏu

三十四sānshísì

___ 先驱xiānqū

。 6. 耶稣yēsū

现在xiànzài

是shì

一yī ___ 灵体

língtĭ。

3. 他们tāmen

有yŏu

五wŭ

_____ 孩子háizi

。 7. 你nĭ 要yào

两liăng

＿＿ 杂志zázhì

吗ma

？

4. 我的wŏde

丈夫zhàngfu

有yŏu

两liăng

___ 侄女zhínǚ

。 8. 我wŏ

有yŏu

两liăng

＿＿ cats。

27

副词fùcí

Adverbs

An adverb is a descriptive word which modifies a verb, such as “slowly” or “quickly”. Many adverbs in English end with “-ly”. Some examples of how to use an adverb in English are: “He writes very quickly.” Or, “She speaks Chinese very well.” To make an adverb in Mandarin, here is the formula:

Subject + verb-object + verb + .de + adjective.

“很好hĕnhăo

” (very good, well), “慢màn

” (slow), and “快kuài

” (fast) are all adjectives. If you put them at the end of an adverbial sentence such as in the formula above, they all become adverbs.

Here are some examples:

*你nĭ

做zuò

工作gōngzuò

做zuò

地de

快kuài

！ (You do work quickly!)

*你nĭ

做zuò

作业zuòyè

做zuò

地de

很好hĕnhăo

！ (You do your homework very well!)

*你nĭ

学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

学xué

地de

非常fēicháng

好hăo

！ (You study Mandarin extremely well!)

*你nĭ

说shuō

英文yīngwén

说shuō

地de

很hĕn

慢màn

！ (You speak English very slowly!) (In all of the above sentences, the subject was “Ni”. The verb-

objects were: “zuo gongzuo”, “zuo zuoye”, “xue Putonghua”, and “shuo Yingwen”. Then the first verb was repeated with an adverb to modify it. We will in the future abbreviate most of these words when used in grammar formulas. For example: Subject= S, verb-object= VO, verb= V, adjective= ADJ, adverb= ADV. )

28

成语 chéng yŭ

尊敬

zūnjìng 长

zhăng辈

bèi：在

zài 白发

báifà 的

de 人

rén 面

miàn前

qián, 你

nĭ 要

yào 站起来

zhànqĭlái；也

yĕ 要

yào

Respect one’s senior(s): “ At grey-headedness * person in front of, you need stand up; and need

尊敬

zūnjìng 老人

lăorén、 又

yoù 要

yào 敬畏

jìngwèi 你

nĭ的

de 上帝

shàngdì。我

wŏ 是

shì 耶和华

yēhéhuá。

respect old person(s), also need deeply respect & fear your God. I am Jehovah.”

利未记

lìwèijì 19:32

Leviticus 19:32

孝敬

xiàojìng 父母

fùmŭ： 当

dāng 孝敬

xiàojìng 父母

fùmŭ、使

shĭ 你

nĭ的

de 日子

rìzi 在

zài 耶和华

yēhéhuá- 你

nĭ

Show filial piety parents: “ Should show filial piety parents, cause your days at Jehovah - your

上帝

shàngdì 所

suŏ 赐

cì 你

nĭ 的

de 地

dì上

shàng 得

dé以

yĭ 长久

chángjiŭ。＂ 出埃及记

chū’āijíjì 20:12

God * give your on earth can lasting.” Exodus 20:12

饮

yĭn水

shuĭ思

sī源

yuán： 你

nĭ 趁

chèn著

zhe 年

nián幼

yoù, 衰败

shuāibài 的

de日子

rìzi 尚

shàng未

wèi 到

dào,

When drinking water think of its source (feel grateful): You take advantage of -ing year(s) youth, decline *

… 当

dāng 纪念

jìniàn 造

zào 你

nĭ 的

de 主

zhŭ。＂ 传道书

chuándàoshū 12:1

days yet not arrive, …should commemorate make you * master/Lord.” Ecclesiates 12:1

近

jìn朱

zhū者

zhĕ赤

chì,近

jìn墨

mò者

zhĕ黑

hēi： 与

yŭ 智慧

zhìhuì 的

de 人

rén 同

tóng 行

xíng 的

de,

Near vermillion, get stained red; near ink, get stained black: with wise * person(s) together do/walk *,

必

bì 得

dé 智慧

zhìhuì；和

hé 愚昧

yúmèi 人

rén 作

zuò 伴

bàn的

de, 必

bì 受

shoù 亏损

kuīsŭn。＂

certainly obtain wisdom; with foolish person(s) be companion *, certainly suffer loss.”

箴言

zhēnyán 13:20

Proverbs 13:20 Lasting Peace and Happiness – How to Find Them? Pg. 17 par. 16

恒久héngjiŭ

的de

平安píng’ān

和hé

幸福xìngfú

- 怎样zĕnyàng

才能cáinéng

找著zhăozháo

？ 17 页yè、16 段

duàn

29

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊第dì八bā课kè

生词shēngcí

： 宗教zōngjiào

Religion

宗教zōngjiào

religion (s) 可憎的kĕzēngde

detestable 海地斯hăidìsī

Hades

崇拜chóngbài

worship 偏见piānjiàn

prejudice 希屋尔xīwū’ĕr

Sheol

十字架shízìjià

cross 叛道者pàndàozhĕ

apostate (s) 祖先zŭxiān

ancestor (s)

三位一体sānwèiyītĭ

trinity 节日jiérì

holiday 通灵术tōnglíngshù

spiritism

地狱永火dìyùyŏnghuŏ

hellfire 偶像ŏuxiàng

image (s) 基督教国jīdūjiàoguó

Christendom

灵魂línghún

soul (pagan) 牧师mùshī

clergyman 分别fēnbié

的de

工作gōngzuò

separating work

伪宗教wĕizōngjiào

false religion (s) 教堂jiàotáng

church , cathedral 灵魂不死línghúnbùsĭ

immortality of the soul

苦刑柱kŭxíngzhù

torture stake 宗教联合zōngjiàoliánhé

interfaith 纯真chúnzhēn

宗教zōngjiào

pure religion

大巴比伦dàbābĭlún

Babylon the Great 宽kuān

路lù

the broad road 窄zhăi

路lù

the narrow road

感恩节găn’ēnjié

Thanksgiving Day 圣诞节shèngdànjié

Christmas 复活节fùhuójié

Easter

30

新动词: New Verbs: “To Know”

认识rènshi

: to know (a person or thing well) & 知道zhīdao

: to know (a fact)

1. 我wŏ

认识rènshi

他tā

。 I know him. (as a friend)

2. 我wŏ

知道zhīdao

他tā

是shì

谁shéi

。 I know who he is.

3. 你nĭ

认识rènshi

真理zhēnlĭ

多duō

久jiŭ

了le？ How long have you known the truth?

4. 你nĭ

知道zhīdao

王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

在zài

那儿năr

吗ma

？Do you know where the Kingdom Hall is?

5. 他tā 是shì

你nĭ的de 好hăo

朋友péngyou

、对duì

吗ma

？ 不bù、我

wŏ 不

bù ____ ____ 他

tā。(Fill in the blanks.)

新xīn

介绍词jièshàocí

: New Presentation

你好nĭhăo

！给gĕi

你nĭ

好消息hăoxiāoxī

！ (hand householder literature.)

请qĭng

你nĭ 看kàn

一yī

段duàn

经文jīngwén

。 (Read Psalm 37:29) Please look at a scripture (with me).

所以suŏyĭ

、好hăo

人rén

会huì

承受chéngshòu

哪nă个gè 地方dìfang

呢ne？

So, good people will inherit which place?

(Listen to response. Hopefully: ＂地球dìqiú

＂or “ 地上dìshàng

＂)

我wŏ

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

再zài来lái

拜访bàifăng

你nĭ、好

hăo吗ma

？ Is it ok for me to come back next week?

(If they respond: “好hăo

” , or “可以kĕyĭ

”,or “ 行xíng

”, then ask next question.)

你nĭ 什麽shénme

时候shíhou

有yŏu

空kòng

？ (Listen carefully to response.) When do you have free time?

好hăo

、那nà 下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

____ 见jiàn

！ Good, then, see you next _______!

31

在zài

(be at,in,on) Subject + zai + thing/place/person + position word.

ZAI . . . SHANG 在 . . . 上

上shàng

- on, above ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

桌zhuō

上shàng

。

(Shang also has many other meanings)

ZAI . . . XIA 在 . . . 下

下xià

- under, down ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

桌zhuō

下xià

。

ZAI . . . LI 在 . . . 里

里lĭ

- in, inside ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

包bāo

里lĭ。

ZAI . . . WAI 在 . . . 外

外wài

- outside ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

包

bāo 外

wài。

ZAI . . . PANG BIAN 在 . . . 旁 边

旁边pángbiān

- side ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

杂志

zázhì 旁边

pángbiān。

ZAI . . . QIAN MIAN 在 . . . 前 面

前面qiánmian

- in front, ahead ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

你

nĭ 前面

qiánmian。

ZAI . . . HOU MIAN 在 . . . 後 面

後面hoùmian

- at the back, behind ex: 那nà

本bĕn

书shū

在zài

你

nĭ 後面

hoùmian。

32

很

hĕn “very” AND 是

shì “to be”

1. 很hĕn

- (adverb) means very, quite. Used with adjectives in describing objects.

我wŏ

很hĕn

高gāo

。I am very tall. 他tā 很hĕn

老lăo

。 He is very old.

爸爸bàba

很hĕn

瘦shoù

。Dad is very skinny. 妈妈māma

很hĕn

矮ăi。 Mom is very short.

2. 是shì

- (verb) to be. Used with concrete conditions or circumstances.

他tā 是shì

老师lăoshī

。 He is a teacher. 她tā 是shì

学生xuésheng

。 She is a student.

你们nĭmen

是shì

耶和华见证人yēhéhuájiànzhèngrén

。You are Jehovah’s Witnesses.

3. Create your own sentence. Use a noun (wo, ni, ta, ba.ba, etc.) and either hen OR shi. Finally add an adjective OR concrete condition (you can write this in English). Your sentence here ->

*** If in doubt about whether to use hen or shi, ask yourself if the noun, the 1st word, can be equal to the last word. If so, use shi.

i.e. He = a teacher. All of you = Jehovah's Witnesses.

33

普通话pŭtōnghuà

第dì九jiŭ课kè

生词shēngcí

： 地球dìqiú

：The Earth

乐园lèyuán

paradise 小河xiăohé

stream/brook 花园huāyuán

garden

和平hépíng

peace 河hé

river 完美wánmĕi

perfect

动物dòngwù

animal (s) 地球dìqiú

the earth 不完美bùwánmĕi

imperfect

树木shùmù

tree (s) 花儿huār

flower 国家guójiā

country (s)

美丽mĕilì

beautiful (scenery) 海洋hăiyáng

sea/ocean 灾难zāinàn

tribulation

大群人dàqúnrén

the Great Crowd 能néng

修xiū

repairable 污染wūrăn

polluted / pollution

公民gōngmín

身分shēnfèn

citizenship 人类rénlèi

mankind 永生yŏngshēng

eternal life

* 生活shēnghuó

life (living, activities, etc.) * 生命shēngmìng

life force inside living things

千年qiānnián

统治tŏngzhì

1,000 year reign 哈米吉多顿hāmĭjíduōdùn

Armageddon

将jiāng

要yào

绝jué

种zhŏng

的de

endangered 耕种gēngzhòng

的de 田地

tiándì field under cultivation

* ＂ 生活shēnghuó

＂： Can only refer to the activities going on in our life, not our actual life force. i.e. “He has a good shenghuo”. “We want to shenghuo in Paradise.”

* ＂ 生命shēngmìng

＂： Can only refer to the force in your body keeping you alive. i.e. “He lost his shengming.” (Meaning: he died.) “She has no shengming.” (She’s dead.)

34

Answer Question: Which One?

哪

nă + MW + Noun

1. 你nĭ 喜欢xĭhuan

去qù 哪一个

năyīge 国家guójiā

？ Which country do you like to go to? Answer:

中国zhōngguó

日本rìbĕn

墨西哥mòxīgē

加拿大jiānádà

法国făguó

俄国éguó

澳大利亚àodàlìyà

西班牙xībānyá

英国yīngguó

China Japan Mexico Canada France Russia Australia Spain England

2. 你nĭ 喜欢xĭhuan

哪nă只zhī

动物dòngwù

？ Which animal do you like? Answer:

狗gŏu

猫māo

狮子shīzi

马mă

兔子tùzi

猪zhū

骆驼luòtuo

大dà

象xiàng

蛇shé

dog cat lion horse rabbit pig camel elephant snake

3. 你nĭ 喜欢xĭhuan

哪nă只zhī

花儿huār

？ Which flower do you like?

Answer: 玫

méi瑰guī

, 黄huáng

水shuĭ

仙xiān

, 菊jú

花huā

, 末mò

莉lì花huā

, 雏chú

菊jú

rose, daffodil, chrysanthemum, jasmine daisy

How To Think Simply

In order to sucessfully speak a foreign language, we must first learn to THINK SIMPLY. If you are just starting out in learning another language, your available vocabulary is very limited, like a child’s. So, learn to think within the limits of your available vocabulary. In the first year or two of learning a language, you must learn to speak like you would speak to a very young child. If you don’t know a specific word, try to find a less specific one that still describes your thought. The following exercise is designed to help you to practice doing this. Translate the following sentences into Chinese Pinyin, no Chinglish allowed!

The orchid is magnificent. __________________________________________________.

This planet is desecrated. __________________________________________________.

His Corvette ran out of fuel. ________________________________________________.

Her view of others is pessimistic. ______________________________________________.

Her workmate’s attitude is very sour. __________________________________________.

35

Possessive (.de) 的

To say that something belongs to something else in Chinese is very simple. It goes in the same place as ‘s in English does. Here is the formula:

Noun.de noun - or - pronoun.de noun

耶和华yēhéhuá

的de 儿子

érzi : Jehovah’s Son Sara 的

de 花儿

huār : Sara’s flower

我wŏ

的de 书shū

: My book Timothy 的de 圣经shèngjīng

: Timothy’s Bible

他tā 的

de 汽车

qìchē: His car 天使

tiānshĭ 的

de 名字míngzi

: the angel ’s name

In cases of special relationship where possession is obvious, “.de” can be dropped: it is implied. Family relationships are one of these cases.

我wŏ

妈妈māma

: My mom 她tā 爸爸

bàba : Her dad 我

wŏ 妹妹mèimei

： My little sister

我wŏ

爷爷yéye

: My grandfather 耶和华yēhéhuá

见证人jiànzhèngrén

: Jehovah’s Witnesses

BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE (Please use a separate piece of paper to record answers in PinYin, if possible.)

1. 你nĭ 的

de 孩子

háizi 几

jĭ 岁suì

？ How old are your children?

Answer: 我wŏ

没有méiyŏu

孩子háizi

。 Or 我wŏ

的de 孩子

háizi # 岁

suì。

2. 你nĭ 的

de 家人jiārén

住zhù

在zài 那儿

năr？

Where does your family live?

Answer: 我的wŏde

家人jiārén

住zhù

在zài .

3. 你nĭ 的

de 地址

dìzhĭ 是shì

什麽shénme

？ What is your address?

Answer: 我的wŏde

地址dìzhĭ

是shì

.

36

第 11 课 ＊g{xbÜztÇ|étà|ÉÇ 组织 Zuzhi

伯特利bótèlì

Bethel 教育性jiàoyùxìng

educational

基列jīliè

学校xuéxiào

Gilead school 组织zŭzhī

to organize/ an organization

分部fēnbù

Branch 海外hăiwài

传道员chuándàoyuán

missionary

社方shèfāng

the Society 歌书gēshū

songbook

神治的shénzhìde

Theocratic 会众huìzhòng

congregation

带头dàitóu

to take the lead 特别先驱tèbiéxiānqū

special pioneer

印刷yìnshuā

to print 分区fēnqū

监督jiāndū

Circuit Overseer

建造jiànzào

to construct 区域qūyù

监督jiāndū

District Overseer

国际guójì

的de

international 带务监督dàiwùjiāndū

Zone Overseer

普世pŭshì

worldwide 分部fēnbù

委员会wĕiyuánhuì

Branch Committee

团结tuánjié

的de

united 分部fēnbù

办事处bànshìchù

Branch office

中央zhōngyāng

长老团zhănglăotuán

the Governing Body

王国wángguó

职务zhíwù

训练xùnliàn

班bān

Kingdom Ministry School

组织zŭzhī

事务shìwù

训练xùnliàn

班bān

Ministerial Training School

王国wángguó

传道chuándào

月yuè

报bào

“Our Kingdom Ministry”

37

新xīn

介绍词jièshàocí

: Placing The Watchtower and Awake!

你好nĭhăo

！给gĕi

你nĭ 好消息hăoxiāoxī

： 守望台shŏuwàngtái

和hé

儆醒jĭngxĭng

杂志zázhì

。(hand them WT & g!)

我wŏ

想xiăng

给gĕi

你nĭ 听tīng

圣经shèngjīng

给gĕi

我们wŏmen

的de

希望xīwàng

。 请qĭng

你nĭ 看kàn

看kàn

诗篇shīpiān

37:29. (read) 所以suŏyĭ

、好hăo

人rén

会huì

承受chéngshòu

哪nă

个gè

地方dìfang

呢ne

？

(Listen to householder’s response.) 我wŏ

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

再zài来lái 拜访bàifăng

你nĭ 、好hăo

吗ma

？ 您nín

什麽shénme

时候shíhòu

有yŏu

空kòng

？ (Listen to response.) 好hăo

、下xià

个gè

星期xīngqī

_＃_ 见jiàn

！

重要动词 Important Verbs:

Please Memorize Carefully Using Flashcards

用yòng

to use 懂dŏng

to understand

想xiăng

to think, to want 明白míngbai

to understand

看kàn

to see, to look 帮助bāngzhù

to help

听tīng

to hear or listen 要yào

to want

来lái

to come 给gĕi

to give

讲jiăng

to speak, talk 告诉gàosù

to tell

38

WATCHTOWER PUBLICATION NAMES

新世界xīnshìjiè

译本yìbĕn

恒久的héngjiŭde

平安píng’ān

和hé 幸福xìngfú

册cè

New World Translation Lasting Peace and Happiness brochure

知识zhīshi

书shū

有yŏu

一yī位wèi

关心guānxīn

人rén

的de 造物主zàowùzhŭ

吗ma

？ Knowledge book Is There a Creator Who Cares About You?

如何rúhé

活huó

得dé 心xīn

满意mănyì

足zú 册cè 人

rén生shēng

有yŏu

什麽shénme

目的mùdì

？册cè

Satisfying Life brochure What is the Purpose of Life? brochure

推理tuīlĭ

书shū

创造chuàngzào

书shū

Reasoning book Creation Book

要求yāoqiú

册cè 最

zuì 伟大wĕidà

人物rénwù

书shū

Require brochure Greatest Man book

圣经shèngjīng

故事gùshì

书shū

伟大wĕidà

导师dăoshī

书shū

Bible Stories book Great Teacher book

崇拜chóngbài

书shū

亲近qīnjìn

耶和华yēhéhuá

书shū

Worship God book Draw Close to Jehovah book

39

Biographical Database

做zuò

(verb) to do

了le (grammar particle) Signifies completed action when

placed right after the verb.

过guò

(grammar particle) When placed right after the verb, means: “Have you ever had this experience before?”

1. Have you eaten Chinese food before?

你nĭ 吃chī

过guò

中国zhōngguó

菜cài

吗ma

？

Answers: 我wŏ

吃chī

过guò

了le。 ( Yes, I have eaten it before.)

我wŏ

没méi

吃chī

过guò

。 (No, I have not eaten it before.)

2. Have you been to China before?

你nĭ 去qù 过guò

中国zhōngguó

吗ma

？

Answers: 我wŏ

去qù

过guò

了le。 (I have been there before.)

我wŏ

没méi

去qù 过guò

。 (I have not been there before.)

3. Have you done your homework?

你nĭ 做zuò

了le 你nĭ的de 作业zuòyè

吗ma

？

Answers: 我wŏ

做zuò

好hăo

了le。 (I did it.)

我wŏ

还hái

没méi

做zuò

好hăo

。 (I haven’t done it yet.)

40

组织zŭzhī

- THE ORGANIZATION :

Vocabulary & Pronunciation Practice: students all need personal

copies of the Pinyin “What Does God Require of Us?” brochure.

Play Require brochure tape while reading along in paragraph 6 of

lesson 14. First: Use your finger to follow along in the brochure.

Pay special attention to the vocabulary used and the

pronunciation of the reader. Second: Try to read along in an

undertone with the tape and keep up with the reader’s pace.

41

普通话＊第 12课

我们

wŏmen 跟gēn

上帝

shàngdì的

de 关系

guānxì

bâÜ exÄtà|ÉÇá{|Ñ j|à{ ZÉw

祷告dăogào

to pray, prayer 友谊yŏuyì

friendship 传道chuándào

to preach

事奉shìfèng

to serve, worship 受浸shòujìn

to baptise 正义zhèngyì

righteous

敬畏jìngwèi

awe, fear 服从fúcóng

to obey 谦卑qiānbēi

humble

忠诚zhōngchéng

loyal 恳切kĕnqiè

earnest, sincere 宽恕kuānshù

to forgive

适当shìdàng

appropriate, suitable 关系guānxi

relationship 尊敬zūnjìng

to respect

归心guīxīn

to convert to (religion) 悔改huĭgăi

to repent 信心xìnxīn

faith

顺服shùnfú

to submit 一致yīzhì

in union, harmony 体会tĭhuì

to appreciate

耶稣yēsū

基督jīdū

Jesus Christ 上帝shàngdì

的de

旨意zhĭyì

God’s will

献身xiànshēn

给gĕi

上帝shàngdì

dedicate (self) to God 确切的quèqiède

知识zhīshi

accurate knowledge

圣经人物 BIBLE CHARACTERS Fill in the blanks

以诺yĭnuò

_____ 闪shăn

____ 约书亚

yuēshūyà______

大卫

dàwèi _____ 含

hán _____ 宁录

nínglù ______

撒母耳

sāmŭ’ĕr ____ 雅弗

yăfú ____ 以利亚

yĭlìyà ______

以

yĭ斯

sī帖

tiĕ ____ 路得

lùdé ＿＿＿ 喇合

lāhé ＿＿＿＿

42

How To Talk About What You Will Do in the Future

Auxiliary verb : 会

Formula: Subject + hui + verb + object.

1. I will go to China. 我wŏ 会huì

到dào

中国zhōngguó

去qù。

2. Tommy will go to England tomorrow. Tommy 明天míngtiān

会huì

到dào

英国yīngguó

。

3. I will come to America soon. 我wŏ

不久bùjiŭ

会huì

到dào

美国mĕiguó

来lái。

4. She will start studying Mandarin. 她tā 会huì

开始kāishĭ

学习xuéxí

普通话pŭtōnghuà

。

5. I will study the Bible next week. 我wŏ

下个星期xiàgèxīngqī

会huì

研究yánjiū

圣经shèngjīng

。

*不久bùjiŭ

: soon * 到dào

： (see next page)

BIBLE READING PRACTICE Colossians 1:9

＂所以suŏyĭ

、 我们wŏmen

从cóng

听见tīngjiàn

的de

那nà

天tiān

起qĭ、就jiù 不住búzhù

地de 为wèi

你们nĭmen

祷告dăogào

、 “Therefore, we from heard that day beginning, then unceasingly for you pray,

求qiú

上帝shàngdì

使shĭ

你们nĭmen

对duì

他tā的de

旨意zhĭyì

充满chōngmăn

确切的quèqiède

知识zhīshi

、 充满chōngmăn

ask God make you to His will be filled with accurate knowledge, be filled w/

智慧zhìhuì

和hé

属灵的shŭlíngde

悟wù

性xìng

。＂ wisdom and spiritual comprehension.” (*To be used along with the reading of Colossians provided by the Society on tape.)

43

HOW TO SAY: “Arrive at” or “go to” : Dao 到

To Arrive at (a place) S + dao + .le. (arrived) or S + time + dao. (arrives)

1. 我wŏ

到dào

了le！ I have arrived!

2. 你nĭ 爷爷yéye

到dào

了le 吗ma

？ Has your grandfather arrived yet?

3. 火车huŏchē

三sān

点diăn

钟zhōng

到dào

。 The train arrives at 3 o’clock.

4. 公共汽车gōnggòngqìchē

七qī

点diăn

半bàn

到dào

。 The bus arrives at 7:30.

“To go to” (a place) or “To” (a place) S + dao + place (+ qu). or S + daoguo + place. or

S + dao + place + lai.

In sentences # 6, 7, 8, and 9, “Dao” functions like the English word “to”.

5. 你nĭ 到dào

过guò

中国zhōngguó

吗ma

？ Have you ever been to China before?

6. 我wŏ

爸爸bàba

到dào

墨西哥mòxīgē

去qù。 My dad went to Mexico.

7. 耶稣yēsū

到dào

天上tiānshàng

去qù了le 吗ma

？ Did Jesus go to heaven?

8. 请qĭng

到dào

我wŏ

家jiā 来lái！ Please come to my home!

9. 马太福音mătàifúyīn

第dì 六liù 章zhāng

第dì 三十sānshí

一yī 到dào

三十sānshí

三sān

节jié . Matthew 6: 31 - 33.

NOTE: When using “dao”, it is not necessary to use “zai” (at, in, or on) because “dao” already includes the idea of “at”.

44

毋wú

望wàng

前qián

车chē

之zhī

鉴jiàn

;YÜÉÅ WÜtÅt àtÑx tät|ÄtuÄx |Ç `tÇwtÜ|Ç<

Bila: 你nĭ 认为rènwéi

那nèi

些xiē

女nǚ

人rén

怎么样zĕnmeyàng

？

Yamin: 什么shénme

女人nǚrén

？

Bila: 当然dāngrán

是shì

指zhĭ

摩押móyā

女子nǚzĭ

啦lā！你nĭ 一定yīdìng

听过tīngguò

了le。

Yamin: 听说tīngshuō

最近zuìjìn

几个jĭge

晚上wănshang

有yoŭ

外wài

族zú

女子nǚzĭ

到dào

我们wŏmen

的de

营yíng

地dì 来lái。 可是kĕshì

我wŏ

还hái

没有méiyoŭ

见jiàn

过guò

她tā

们men

。

Saodi: 我们wŏmen

也yĕ

没有méiyoŭ

见jiàn

过guò

。

45

普通话 ＊ 第 13 课 ＊ 祷告 Daogao Prayer

求qiú

to request, to beg 心xīn

heart/mind 阿们āmen

amen

祈求qíqiú

to pray for 感谢gănxiè

heartfelt thanks 食物shíwù

food (general)

祝福zhùfú

to bless, blessing 生命shēngmìng

life (force) 爱ài

to love

圣灵shènglíng

holy spirit 事情shìqing

matters; things 愿yuàn

wish, “may”

犯fàn

to commit (sin) 过错guòcuò

transgression (s) 罪zuì

crime; sin

垂听chuítīng

to listen (by God) 照顾zhàogù

take care of 宽恕kuānshù

to forgive

慷慨kāngkăi

generosity, generous 赞美zànmĕi

to praise 荣耀róngyào

to glorify

奉fèng

耶稣yēsū

的de

名míng

“In Jesus’ name” 我们wŏmen

在zài

天上的tiānshàngde

父亲fùqin

Our heavenly Father

形容词 Practice With Adjectives Using “hen” 很 Formula: S + hen + adj.

瘦shòu

thin 胖pàng

fat 热rè

hot (weather) 冷lĕng

cold (weather)

忙máng

busy 懒lăn

lazy 漂亮piàoliang

pretty 帅shuài

handsome

高兴gāoxìng

happy 难过nánguò

sad 聪明cōngmíng

smart 笨bèn

stupid

好看hăokàn

nice-looking 难nán

看kàn

ugly 坏huài

bad, wicked 善良shànliáng

good, nice

我wŏ

很hĕn

忙máng

。 I am very busy. Sally 很hĕn

聪明cōngmíng

。 Sally is very smart.

你nĭ

很hĕn

瘦shòu

。 You are very thin. 他们tāmen

很hĕn

笨bèn

！ They are very stupid!

When describing something, an English speaking person often uses the words “is”, “are”, or “be”. (“He is very smart.”) But, in Chinese, the state “to be” is implied in all adjectives. That’s why sometimes dictionaries call them “stative verbs”. For example, the word “mang” doesn’t just mean “busy”. It means “to be busy” or “is busy”. So, Chinese speaking people don’t commonly use the verb “shi” with adjectives for this reason. It is not necessary, since the verb “to be” is

already built into Chinese adjectives. That’s why we say “我wŏ

很hĕn

好hăo

” and not “我wŏ

是shì

好hăo

”.

46

向xiàng

／对duì

／为wèi

Formula: S + xiang /dui / wei + noun + V-O

向xiàng

: to, towards (physical direction)

我们wŏmen

向xiàng

耶和华yēhéhuá

祷告dăogào

。 We pray to Jehovah.

我wŏ

向xiàng

林lín

先生xiānsheng

传道chuándào

。 I preach to Mr. Lin.

向xiàng

前qián

走zŏu

。 Walk forwards. (literally: “towards forward walk.”)

请qĭng

向xiàng

我wŏ

解释jiĕshì

。 Please explain (it) to me.

为wèi

: because of, for

人rén

应该yīnggāi

为wèi

他tā 祷告dăogào

。 People should pray for him.

长老zhănglăo

为wèi

会众huìzhòng

服务fúwù

。 Elders work for the congregation.

耶稣yēsū

为wèi

我们wŏmen

牺牲xīshēng

生命shēngmìng

。Jesus sacrificed (his) life for us.

刘liú

弟兄dìxiong

为wèi

我们wŏmen

祷告dăogào

。 Brother Liu prays for us.

对duì

: to, towards, of, at

我们wŏmen

对duì

耶和华yēhéhuá

祷告dăogào

。 We pray to Jehovah.

我wŏ

对duì

他们tāmen

笑xiào

。 I smile at them.

这zhè

是shì

Sandra 对duì

我wŏ

说shuō

的de。 Sandra said this to me.

NOTE: It is NEVER correct to say “ 祷告dăogào

他tā

” for “pray to him”, or “ 说shuō

他tā

”, for “speak to him”. These are very common errors for English-speaking students of Mandarin to make.

It is correct to say: “ 向xiàng

” or “对duì

他tā

祷告dăogào

” for “pray to him” or “对duì

他tā

说话shuōhuà

” for “speak to him”. The big difference is in English we say “I talk to him”; in Chinese we say “I to him talk,” or “I

with him talk.” (我wŏ

跟gēn

他tā

说话shuōhuà

.)

47

又yòu

and 再zài

: AGAIN Formulas: S – zai – verb (object) or S – you – verb (object)

We all know how to say “zai jian” for goodbye. “再见zàijiàn

” really means: “See you again”. Zai 再 means “again (in the future)”. Someone may say to us: “Huanying ni zailai!” which means “You are welcome to come again (in the future)!” Or “Ni bu xuyao zailai,” which means “You don’t need to come again (in the future).” The word “zai” has everything to do with the future and nothing to do with the past.

The word “又yòu

” on the other hand has to do with the past and the present. It means “again (you’ve done it before, now you are doing it AGAIN)”. Someone may say, “Ni you laile!!” meaning, “You have come again!” (You were already there several times in the past, and now you’re back.) It can have a negative connotation depending on how it is said. Kind of like, “I can’t believe this person keeps bugging me by coming back over and over again!” This word is not always negative, though. “Ta you da dianhua gei wo!” could mean that you are thrilled that the person has already called you several times and is now calling again.

“又yòu

” has some other usages, too. It can also mean “and,” or “also,”. But, we wont cover that aspect of “you” today.

48

普通话pŭtōnghuà

＊第dì 14 课

kè

身体shēntĭ

部分bùfen

、衣服yīfu

、跟gēn

生活shēnghuó

用yòng

品pĭn

Body Parts, Clothing, and Some Common Objects

身体shēntĭ

- body 自己zìjĭ

- self 摇yáo

- to shake

头tóu

- head 手shŏu

- hand 转zhuàn

- to turn

脚jiăo

- foot 手指shŏuzhĭ

- finger 门mén

- door, gate

眼睛yănjīng

- eye 鼻子bízi

- nose 沙发shāfā

- sofa

口kŏu

- mouth 耳朵ĕrduo

- ear 电脑diànnăo

- computer

腿tuĭ

- leg 脸liăn

- face 电话diànhuà

- telephone

衣服yīfu

- clothes 裤子kùzi

- pants 笔bĭ

- pen

衬衣chènyī

- shirt 裙子qúnzi

- skirt 电视机diànshìjī

- TV set

连lián

一yī

裙qún

- dress 鞋xié

子zi

- shoes 收音机shōuyīnjī

- radio

夹克jiākè

- jacket 椅子yĭzi

- chair 房子fángzi

- house

最zuì

and 更gèng

: Most and More (Adjective + .de +) Subject + geng/zui + adjective.

Subject + geng/zui + aux. verb + verb-object. When we are describing something, we often use comparisons. We may want to say, "Cold weather is good, warm weather is better, hot weather is the best." In Mandarin, we use "geng" and "zui" to express these ideas. For example:

" 冷lĕng

的de

天气tiānqì

好hăo

、 暖nuăn

的de

天气tiānqì

更gèng

好hăo

、热rè

的de

天气tiānqì

最zuì

好hăo

。." “Cold weather is good, warm weather is better, hot weather is the best.” Or,

"秋天qiūtiān

舒服shūfu

、 春天chūntiān

更gèng

舒服shūfu

、夏天xiàtiān

最zuì

舒服shūfu

。" ： "Autumn is comfortable, spring is more comfortable, and summer is the most comfortable."

"Zui" and "geng" can also modify auxilliary verbs. For example:

"我wŏ

喜欢xĭhuan

下雨xiàyŭ

。我wŏ

更gèng

喜欢xĭhuan

下雪xiàxuĕ

。我wŏ

最zuì

喜欢xĭhuan

晴天qíngtiān

。" “I like rain. I like snow better. I like a sunny day the best."

49

BIODATABASE - "乐园" ctÜtw|áx

1. 在zài

乐园lèyuán

里lĭ、你

nĭ 会huì

做zuò

些xiē

什麽shénme

事shì？

What will you do in paradise?

2. 在zài

乐园lèyuán

里lĭ、你

nĭ 会huì

跟gēn

谁shéi

见面jiànmiàn

？ Whom will you see in paradise?

3. 在zài

乐园lèyuán

里lĭ、你

nĭ 会huì

去qù

哪nă

些xiē

地方dìfang

呢ne？

What places will you go in paradise?

“会huì

” as we have learned before can mean to know how to do something. 我wŏ

会huì

跳舞tiàowŭ

! means "I know how to dance". But 会huì

(and also 要yào

) have another

meaning, that being "will". 我wŏ

会huì

去qù

中国zhōngguó

, means "I will go to China".

一个yīgè

圣经shèngjīng

研究yánjiū

: A Bible Study

玉yù

平píng

： 马利亚mălìyà

、 所有suŏyŏu

的de

好hăo

人rén

都dōu

会huì

上shàng

天堂tiāntáng

吗ma

？

马利亚mălìyà

： 不会bùhuì

。 圣经shèngjīng

说shuō

有的yŏude

好hăo

人rén

会huì

上shàng

天tiān

。有的yŏude

好hăo

人rén

会huì

住zhù

在zài

地上dìshàng

。

玉平： 为什麽wèishénme

呢ne

？

马利亚： 因为yīnwéi

地球dìqiú

真的zhēnde

是shì

人类rénlèi

的de

家jiā

。 而且érqiĕ

、 上天堂shàngtiāntáng

的de

人rén

都dōu

会huì

在zài

那里nàli

作zuò

王wáng

。那麽nàme

、任何rènhé

王wáng

都dōu

统治tŏngzhì

公民gōngmín

、

对duì

不对bùduì

？

玉平： 对duì

。

马利亚： 所以suŏyĭ

一个yīgè

大群人dàqúnrén

会huì

住zhù

在zài

地上dìshàng

。他们tāmen

要yào

作zuò

上帝shàngdì

的de

王国wángguó

的de

公民gōngmín

。

玉平： 好hăo

、 我wŏ

明白míngbai

！谢谢xièxie

你nĭ

、马利亚mălìyà

！ VOCAB: 天堂 tian tang - heaven (worldly), 有的 you.de – some, 公民 gong min – citizen

50

菜单

càidān Sample Menu

“你nĭ 要yào

喝hē

什么shénme

东西dōngxi

?” - ”What would you like to drink?”

饮料

yĭnliào - DRINKS

汽水qìshuĭ

(SODA) - 可kĕ

乐lè

(Coke) 雪xuĕ

碧bì

(Sprite) 冰bīng

茶chá

(Iced tea)

OTHER DRINKS - 热rè

茶chá

(Tea) 咖啡kāfēi

(Coffee) 冰bīng

水shuĭ

(Iced water)

“我wŏ

要yào

... “ - ”I would like... “

菜

cài肴

yáo DISHES

叉chā

烧shāo

炒chăo

面miàn

PORK CHOW MEIN 鸡jī捞lāo

面miàn

CHICKEN LO MEIN

芥jiè

兰lán

鸡jī

CHICKEN W/ BROCCOLI 甜

tián酸

suān鸡jī

SWEET & SOUR

CHICKEN

左zuŏ

宗zōng

鸡jī

GENERAL TSO’S

CHICKEN 清qīng

椒jiāo

牛niú

PEPPER STEAK W/

ONIONS

湖南húnán

牛niú

HUNAN BEEF 芥jiè

兰lán

虾xiā

SHRIMP W/ BROCCOLI

什shí

菜cài

虾xiā

SHRIMP W/ CHINESE

VEGETABLES 什shí

菜cài

叉chā

烧shāo

ROAST PORK W/

MIXED VEGETABLES

虾xiā

龙lóng

糊hú

SHRIMP W/ LOBSTER

SAUCE 腰yāo

果guŏ

鸡jī

CASHEW CHICKEN

鱼yú

香xiāng

肉roù

丝sī

SHREDDED PORK W/

GARLIC SAUCE 四川sìchuān

牛niú

SZECHUAN BEEF

无wú

骨gŭ

排pái

BONELESS SPARE

RIBS 蘑菰mógū

鸡jī

片piàn

MOO GOO GAI PAN

芝麻zhīma

鸡jī

SESAME CHICKEN 烧

shāo排pái

骨gŭ

B.B.Q. SPARE RIBS

宫gōng

保băo

鸡jī

KUNG PAO CHICKEN 煮

zhŭ素sù

什shí

锦jĭn

STEAMED MIXED

VEGETABLES

鱼yú

香xiāng

绩jī

CHICKEN W/ GARLIC

SAUCE 芥jiè

兰lán

牛niú

BEEF W/ BROCCOLI

好hăo

吃chī

!!! - DELICIOUS!!! 买măi

单dān

- CHECK, PLEASE.

小吃

xiăochī - SNACKS

春chūn

卷juăn

EGG ROLL （ 叉

chā烧

shāo） 炒

chăo饭fàn

(PORK) FRIED RICE

馄hún

饨tún

汤tāng

WONTON SOUP 酸

suān辣là

汤tāng

HOT & SOUR SOUP

51

所有suŏyŏu

的de

and 都dōu

: HOW TO SAY “ALL”

所有suŏyŏu

的de

+ noun + 都dōu

+ VO. OR Subject + 都dōu

+ (bu) (aux. verb) + VO.

所有suŏyŏu

的de

means “all”. It must be used in front of a noun. An example of this in English is

“all dogs bark”. When 所有suŏyŏu

的de

is used at the beginning of a sentence, 都dōu

should also be inserted

before the verb in the same sentence. “ 所有suŏyŏu

的de

dogs 都dōu

bark,” means “all dogs bark.” Using

所有suŏyŏu

的de

puts emphasis on the noun that it precedes. If the emphasis is merely on the verb of the

sentence, then 所有suŏyŏu

的de

can be dropped from the sentence and 都dōu

can be used alone in front of

the verb. The difference is the same as if we said, “All people should worship Jehovah,” or “People

should all worship Jehovah.” The emphasis is a little bit different, but not much.

都dōu

and 所有suŏyŏu

的de

both mean “all”, but 都dōu

has more uses than 所有suŏyŏu

的de

. 都dōu

can also mean

“both”, referring to two of something. It can also mean “all don’t” or “neither”

when used before a verb in the negative.

For example:

1. 那nà

两liăng

个gè

弟兄dìxiōng

都dōu

学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

。 Those two brothers both learn Mandarin.

2. 所有suŏyŏu

的de

姐妹jiĕmèi

都dōu

学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

。 All sisters study Mandarin.

3. 李lĭ

弟兄dìxiōng

跟gēn

王wáng

弟兄dìxiōng

都dōu

不bù

喜欢xĭhuan

狗gŏu

。 Neither Br. Li nor Br. Wang like dogs.

4. 所有suŏyŏu

的de

弟兄dìxiōng

都dōu

不bù

喜欢xĭhuan

狗gŏu

。 All brothers dislike dogs .

*(Of course, the above examples are not necessarily true statements.)

52

普通话＊第 15课

更多实用的生词 More Practical Vocabulary

超级市场chāojíshìchăng

supermarket 医院yīyuàn

hospital 上shàng

to attend

餐馆cānguăn

restaurant 生病shēngbìng

(to get) sick 大学dàxué

university

先生xiānsheng

Mister, Sir 感冒gănmào

cold 学校xuéxiào

school

小姐xiăojie

Miss, waitress 药yào

medicine 老板lăobăn

boss, manager

筷子kuàizi

chopsticks 头发tóufa

hair 公司gōngsī

company

杯bēi

cup; MW 穿chuān

to wear (clothes) 脱tuō

to take off (clothes, shoes)

碗wăn

bowl ; MW 大衣dàyī

coat 电影diànyĭng

movie

茶chá

tea 眼镜yănjìng

eyeglasses 戴dài

to wear (glasses, hat, gloves, etc)

水shuĭ

water 东西dōngxi

thing(s) 大家dàjiā

everyone (present)

咖啡kāfēi

coffee 吃chī

to eat 菜cài

dish/ vegetables

汽水qìshuĭ

soda/pop 喝hē

to drink 汤tāng

soup

Some Useful Phrases….

去qù

看kàn

医生yīshēng

to go see a doctor 喝hē

东西dōngxi

drink something 吃chī

药yào

to take medicine

去qù

买măi

东西dōngxi

to go shopping 去qù吃饭chīfàn

to go out to eat 快kuài

点diăn

儿ér

hurry up

去qù

看kàn

电影diànyĭng

to go watch a movie 一yī杯bēi

水shuĭ

a cup of water 请qĭng

梢shāo

等dĕng

Please wait

患huàn

感冒gănmào

to catch a cold 一yī碗wăn

饭fàn

a bowl of rice 看kàn

电视diànshì

to watch TV

中国zhōngguó

餐馆cānguăn

chinese restaurant 穿chuān

衣服yīfu

to put on clothes 戴dài

眼镜yănjìng

to wear glasses

脱tuō

鞋xié

to take off shoes 脱tuō

衣服yīfu

to take off clothes 上shàng

大学dàxué

to attend university

Some Common Questions….

你nĭ

要yào

吃chī

一yī点diăn

儿ér

东西dōngxi

吗ma

？ Do you want something to eat?

你nĭ

要yào

喝hē

一yī点diăn

儿ér东西dōngxi

吗ma

？ Do you want something to drink?

你nĭ

要yào

我wŏ

脱tuō

鞋xié

吗ma

？ Do you want me to take off my shoes?

53

I’m sorry!

对不起duìbùqì

! or 抱歉bàoqiàn

! Responses: (meaning basically “It was nothing”, “Don’t worry about it”, etc)

没méi

事shì、 没问题

méiwèntí、 没关系méiguānxi

、 不要紧bùyàojĭn

Thank you!

谢谢xièxie

! 多duō

谢xiè!

Responses: (meaning basically “You’re welcome” or “You don’t need to thank me” )

不客气búkèqì

、 不谢bùxiè

、 不用谢bùyòngxiè

、 没méi

事shì、 别

bié客气kèqì

How are you?

你nĭ

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

？ Responses: Very good, pretty good, not bad, alright, so-so

很好hĕnhăo

！、 挺好tĭnghăo

、 不错bùcuò

、还hái

可以kĕyĭ

、 可以kĕyĭ

、还hái

行xíng

吧ba

HOMEWORK: Translate the sentences provided on the next page into English. Practice your presentations, and make flashcards of new vocab-ulary. Memorize new vocabulary.

54

Homework: Translate the following sentences into English. (The grammar points that we are practicing are highlighted in green.)

1. 请qĭng

到dào

超级市场chāojíshìchăng

去qù

买măi

东西dōngxi

。

2. 你nĭ

会不会huìbùhuì

去qù

看kàn

电影diànyĭng

？

3. 你nĭ的de

女儿nǚ’ér

上shàng

学校xuéxiào

吗ma

？

4. 我们wŏmen

向xiàng

上帝shàngdì

祷告dăogào

。

5. 你nĭ要yào

喝hē

什麽shénme

东西dōngxi

？

6. 到dào

我wŏ

这里zhèlĭ

来lái。

7. 那nà

老lăo

先生xiānsheng

很hĕn

胖pàng

。

8. Steven 到了dàole

中国zhōngguó

！

9. 我wŏ

会huì

去qù

看kàn

医生yīshēng

。

10. 他们tāmen

没有méiyŏu

到dào

我wŏ

家jiā

来lái。

When using “dao” to mean “to go to” or “to arrive at”, also using “zai” (meaning “at” or “in”) is not needed. This is because “dao” already includes the idea of “at” or “in”.

Also, when using “dao” to mean “to go to” or “to arrive at”, it can only be used in the sense of going to or arriving at a real PLACE. We can’t say, for example, “Jesus dao to pray to Jehovah.” “To pray” is not a place. To correct that error, we could say, “Jesus dao wilderness qu pray to Jehovah.” The wilderness is a real location, so “dao” can be used in this sentence with no problem.

New Presentation: Xwâvtà|ÉÇ (From “Get to the point” KM insert) “Today Chinese people very value education. Parents hope children

今天jīntiān

中国人zhōngguórén

很hĕn

重视zhòngshì

教育jiàoyù

。 父母fùmŭ

希望xīwàng

儿女érnǚ

enter famous schools, young people also hope test {into} university.

进入jìnrù

名míng

校xiào

, 年轻人niánqīngrén

也yĕ 希望xīwàng

考kăo

上shàng

大学dàxué

。 You think which type education benefits most lasting?

你nĭ 认为rènwéi

哪nă 一yī 种zhŏng

教育jiàoyù

益处yìchu

最zuì 长久chángjiŭ

呢ne? Read 2 Tim. 3:16,17

55

Story : Going to a Chinese Restaurant

Annie: 我wŏ

要yào

吃chī

一点儿yīdiănr

东西dōngxi

。 我们wŏmen

去qù

吃饭chīfàn

吧ba！

Wally: 你nĭ

要yào

去qù

哪nă

个gè

餐馆cānguăn

呢ne？

Annie: 听tīng

我wŏ

老板lăobăn

说shuō

羊yáng

羊yáng

羊yáng

的de

菜cài

不错bùcuò

！

Wally: 好hăo

。那麽nàme

我们wŏmen

去qù

羊yáng

羊yáng

羊yáng

吧ba！

Annie: 你nĭ

应该yīnggāi

穿chuān

大衣dàyī

。 外面wàimian

很hĕn

冷lĕng

。

在zài 餐馆cānguăn

里lĭ

服务员fúwùyuán

: 你们nĭmen

要yào

喝hē

一点儿yīdiănr

东西dōngxi

吗ma

？

Wally: 要yào

。这儿zhèr

有yŏu

什麽shénme

好hăo喝hē？

服务员fúwùyuán

: 有yŏu

茶chá

、水shuĭ

、咖啡kāfēi

、汽水qìshuĭ

。 大家dàjiā

都dōu

喜欢xĭhuan

绿lǜ茶chá

。

�Wallly: 好hăo的de。 我们wŏmen

喝hē

两liăng杯bēi

绿lǜ

茶chá

吧ba！

服务员fúwùyuán

: 好hăo

。请qĭng

稍shāo

等dĕng

。 (Waitress leaves)

Wally: 我wŏ

今天jīntiān

感冒gănmào

了le。

Annie: 要是yàoshì

过guò

一yī

会huì儿ér

还hái

病bìng

的话dehuà

, 你nĭ

得dĕi

去qù

看kàn

医生yīshēng

。

服务员fúwùyuán

: 茶chá

来lái

了le。

Wally: 小姐xiăojie

、我wŏ

要yào

点diăn

一yī碗wăn

汤tāng

。

服务员fúwùyuán

: 好hăo的de。你nĭ

呢ne？

Annie: 我wŏ

要yào

点diăn

一yī

碗wăn

米饭mĭfàn

。请qĭng

问wèn

, 你nĭ

有yŏu

筷子kuàizi

吗ma

？

服务员fúwùyuán

: 有yŏu阿a。给gĕi

你nĭ。

Wally: 小姐xiăojie

, 能néng

快kuài

点diăn儿er

吗ma

？ 我们wŏmen

一会儿yìhuĭr

还hái

要yào

去qù

买măi

东西dōngxi

。

服务员fúwùyuán

: 好hăo的de。请qĭng

稍shāo

等dĕng

。

56

普通话＊第 16课

东方dōngfāng

的de 宗教zōngjiào

XtáàxÜÇ exÄ|z|ÉÇ

东方dōngfāng

The East 进化jìnhuà

to evolve 信仰xìnyăng

belief

西方xīfāng

The West 创造chuàngzào

to create 存在cúnzài

to exist

佛教fójiào

Buddhism 相信xiāngxìn

to believe 合理hélĭ

reasonable

神道教shéndàojiào

Shintoism 表明biăomíng

show 诚恳chéngkĕn

sincere

道教dàojiào

Taoism 假jiă

神shén

false god 良善liángshàn

good

儒家学说rújiāxuéshuō

Confucianism 传统chuántŏng

tradition 陌mò

生shēng

strange

伊斯兰教yīsīlánjiào

Islam 迷信míxìn

superstition 证据zhèngjù

proof

印度教yìndùjiào

Hinduism 哲学zhéxué

philosophy 无wú

- no, not, un-

无神论wúshénlùn

atheism 宇宙yŭzhòu

的de

Universal 者zhĕ

-er

天主教tiānzhŭjiào

Catholic 至高zhìgāo

主宰zhŭzăi

Sovereign -论lùn

theory

基督新教jīdūxīnjiào

Protestant 祖先zŭxiān

ancestor -徒tú

disciple of

1. Adding –zhe to the end of a verb makes that verb into a noun . For example: chongbai (to worship) becomes “chongbaizhe” (worshipper). Chuangzao (to create) becomes “chuangzaozhe” (Creator). Or, –zhe can make a belief or profession into a person engaged in the profession or a believer of the doctrine. For example, wushenlun (atheism) becomes “wushenlunzhe” (atheist). 2. Adding –tu to the end of a religion means a disciple or believer of that religion. “Jidutu” means a believer of Christ. “Fojiaotu” means a believer in Buddhism. “Tianzhujiaotu” means a Catholic person. “Jiduxinjiaotu” means a Protestant person. Etc 3. Adding –lun to the end of “jinhua” (to evolve) makes a noun: “jinhualun”: the theory of evolution. “Wushen” literally means “no god”, so “wushenlun” means the theory of no god, or Atheism.

57

“Morning Activities” Verb - Object Complexes (to be used with TPR method)

穿chuān

衣服yīfu

: put on clothes

喝hē

茶chá

: drink tea

吃chī

饭fàn

: eat food

看kàn

书shū

: read book

快kuài

快kuài

地de

: quickly

慢màn

慢màn

地de : slowly

* These activities are examples of “fixed phrases” in Chinese. They are also

called “Verb-Object complexes”. In English we can say, “I am going to eat.” In Chinese, though, a verb is rarely left hanging without an object . So, a Chinese person would say, “I am going to eat food.” “Eat-food” (chifan) is a very common VO Complex in Chinese. It is not specific. So, if you want to give “eat” something specific, like a hamburger (hanbaobao), then you should replace “fan” with “hanbaobao”. (“Wo yao chi hanbaobao”, instead of “Wo yao chifan.”)

“Time” and Chinese grammar

Time + S + VO. S + time + VO.

“今天jīntiān

”, “ 明天míngtiān

”, “ 昨天zuótiān

”, “十shí

点diăn

”, “ 春天chūntiān

”, “ 天天tiāntiān

” All of these words are “time marker” words. English and Chinese are

opposite in where they put “time” words in a sentence. English often puts them at the end of a sentence: “I am going to China tomorrow.” Chinese puts the time in the beginning: “I tomorrow am going to China.” Or “Tomorrow I am going to China.”

Always remember, when writing Chinese sentences or speaking Chinese, the time words go before the main verb. It doesn’t matter if the time word goes before or after the Subject, as long as it is before the verb.

58

Biographical Database (pretend that you are a Chinese college student)

#1 你nĭ 的de 专业zhuānyè

是shì

什麽shénme

？ What is your profession?

Answer #1: “我wŏ

的de

专业zhuānyè

是shì

….” My profession is….

电脑diànnăo

老师lăoshī

工程师gōngchéngshī

会计kuàijì

物理学wùlĭxué

化学huàxué

数学shùxué

医生yīshēng

computers teacher engineer accounting physics chemistry math doctor

#2 你nĭ 已经yĭjīng

在zài 美国mĕiguó

多duō

久jiŭ了le？ How long have you been in America?

Answer #2: # 天tiān

, ＃个gè

月yuè

, ＃ 年nián

# days, # of months, # years

#3 你nĭ是shì

从cóng

哪里năli

来lái的de？(If they say a country name, ask:) #4 什麽

shénme城市chéngshì

呢ne？

Where are you from? (If from China, Taiwan, or Malaysia, ask:) And what city?

Answer #3 : 大陆dàlù

中国zhōngguó

台湾táiwān

香港xiānggăng

新加坡xīnjiāpō

马来西亚măláixīyà

(Places) Mainland China Taiwan HongKong Singapore Malaysia

Answer #4 : 北京bĕijīng

上海shànghăi

西安xī’ān

广州guăngzhōu

福fú

州zhōu

台北táibĕi

重庆chóngqìng

(Cities) Peking

Kuala Lumpur 台tái

中zhōng

深圳shēnzhèn

成都chéngdū

南京nánjīng

Nanking

59

也yĕ／还hái有yŏu

／跟gēn

M [Éã àÉ átç ÂtÇwÊ

也yĕ : also Noun + ye + V-O. –or- Noun + ye + aux. vb. + V-O.

Adverb; used before verbs only. For example: yeyou: also have, yeshi: also is, yemeiyou: also doesn’t have, yeyao: also wants, etc. Cannot be used before nouns. It is rarely used to begin sentences. For example: “He goes, too.” Do not say: “Ye ta qu.” instead, say: “Ta ye qu.”

还hái

有yŏu

: also Haiyou + sentence. –or- Haiyou + phrase. “Haiyou” can be used to start sentences as a connective, like “Furthermore” or “Also”. “Haiyou” is also used in questions: Haiyou.ma? Anything else? Haiyou shei? Who else? Haiyou.ne? Anything else? Haiyou ta? And him, too?

跟gēn

: and, with A gen B –or- A, B, gen C Used to join nouns. For example, Jack gen Jill (or) carrots, peas, gen potatoes. Cannot be used to begin sentences. Often where we would use “and” in English, a Chinese person would just start a new sentence. (NOTE: In the WT, often one complex English question is broken up into two simpler Chinese questions for this reason.)

*耶和华yēhéhuá

跟gēn

耶稣yēsū

都dōu

爱ài 人类rénlèi

。 Jehovah and Jesus both love mankind.

*我wŏ

、我wŏ

妈妈māma

、跟gēn

我wŏ

的de 丈夫zhàngfu

都dōu

要yào

跑步păobù

。 I, my mother, and my husband all want to go running.

Sentences for translation (Homework):

1. “我wŏ

信xìn

佛fó.” 4. 他

tā 是shì

进化论jìnhuàlùn

者zhĕ

。

2. “我wŏ 不信búxìn 教jiào

。” 5. 我wŏ

妈妈māma

是shì

天主教tiānzhŭjiào

徒tú。

3. “ 我们wŏmen

是shì 无神论者wúshénlùnzhĕ

.” 6. 圣经shèngjīng

很hĕn 合理hélĭ 。

61

普通话＊第 17课

天气tiānqì

跟gēn

亲戚qīnqī

天气tiānqì

the weather 舒服shūfu

comfortable 多duō

many

下雨xiàyŭ

to rain 暖nuăn

warm 少shăo

few

下雪xiàxuĕ

to snow 冷lĕng

cold 拿ná

to pick up

风fēng

wind 热rè

hot 差不多chàbuduō

almost

晴天qíngtiān

sunny day 姐姐jiĕjie

older sister 开kāi

to open ; to operate

阴天yīntiān

cloudy day 哥哥gēge

older brother 大部份dàbùfen

majority (of a group)

玩儿wánr

to play 妹妹mèimei

younger sister 人rén

人rén

everyone (all over planet)

春天chūntiān

spring 弟弟dìdi

younger brother 先生xiānsheng

Mr. , Sir

夏天xiàtiān

summer 丈夫zhàngfu

husband 太太tàitai

Mrs.*

秋天qiūtiān

autumn 妻子qīzi

wife 小姐xiăojie

Miss, Maam*

冬天dōngtiān

winter 亲戚qīnqī

relatives 别bié

don’t * Many married Chinese women prefer to be called “Miss + maiden name”, instead of “Mrs. + married name”. Homework: Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 他tā的de

妻子qīzi

正在zhèngzài

吃饭chīfàn

。 6. 人rén

人rén

都dōu

喜欢xĭhuan

夏天xiàtiān

。

2. 她tā的de 丈夫zhàngfu

也yĕ 想xiăng

去qù 看kàn

电影diànyĭng

。 7. 我wŏ

不bù 喜欢xĭhuan

热rè的de天气tiānqì

。

3. 我们wŏmen

的de 妹妹mèimei

也yĕ 不bù 喜欢xĭhuan

冬天dōngtiān

。 8. 今天jīntiān

下雪xiàxuĕ

。

4. 今天jīntiān

也yĕ 很hĕn

冷lĕng

！ 9. 请qĭng

拿ná 一yī本bĕn

杂志zázhì

来lái 给gĕi

我wŏ

。

5. 大部份dàbùfen

的de 人rén

都dōu

喜欢xĭhuan

春天chūntiān

。 10. 我wŏ

的de 弟弟dìdi

喜欢xĭhuan

秋天qiūtiān

。

62

正在zhèngzài

: “in the process of doing something” Formula: Subject + zhengzai + action verb-Object.

The word “zhengzai” in Chinese is one way of saying that an action is still in progress. The equivalent in English is –ing. For example:

“He is eating,” = 他tā

正在zhèngzài

吃饭chīfàn

。 “She is preaching,” = 她tā

正在zhèngzài

传道chuándào

。

In these cases, -ing at the end of the verb means that the action is taking place right now. “Zhengzai” has exactly the same connotation. The only difference is that “zhengzai” goes before the verb, unlike –ing which goes after the verb in English.

The “zheng” can also be dropped and the sentence keeps the same

meaning. For example: ＂他tā

在zài

吃饭chīfàn

。＂means, “He is eating.” It is very common to drop the “zheng” and just say “zai”. Sometimes, people even drop

the “zai” and just say “zheng”. For example: ＂他tā

正zhèng

吃饭chīfàn

。＂= “He is eating.” It all means the same thing: the action is happening now and is not finished yet.

著zhe

: “In the process of doing something” Formula: Subject + action verb + .zhe + Object.

The word “.zhe” goes in the same place as “-ing” does in English: right after the action verb. It means just about the same thing as “zhengzai” does: an action is in the process of happening now. For example:

“She is looking at you.” = 她tā

看kàn

著zhe

你nĭ。Or, “We are waiting for him.” = 我们

wŏmen

等dĕng

著zhe

他tā。 The two (zhengzai and .zhe) can even be combined: “She is

looking at you.” ＝ 她tā

在zài

看kàn

著zhe

你nĭ。

Both “zhengzai” and “zhe” are the equivalents of the English words “is verb-ing”, so when translating the English into Chinese, there is no need to use “shi” 是 (to be).

NOTE: “Zhengzai” is used with more than one syllable VO complexes (chifan, kanshu, xie.zi, etc.) “-Zhe” is used with one syllable verbs (kan, deng, etc.)

63

1 John 2:17:

＂这个zhègè

世界shìjiè

和hé

世界shìjiè

的de

欲望yùwàng

正在zhèngzài

消失xiāoshī

、 “ This world and world’s desire are fading away,

遵zūn

行xíng

上帝shàngdì

旨意zhĭyì

的de

人rén

却què

永远yŏngyuăn

长cháng

存cún

。＂ do God’s will person certainly forever remain.”

Daniel 5:5:

＂就jiù

在zài

这zhè

时候shíhou

、 有yŏu

人rén

的de

手shŏu

出现chūxiàn

、 对duì

著zhe

灯台dēngtái

、 “Then at this time, （have） person’s hand appear, facing lampstand,

在zài

王宫wánggōng

的de

粉fĕn

墙qiáng

上shàng

用yòng

指zhĭ

头tóu

写xiĕ

字zì。

on palace’s plaster wall * use finger write letters

王wáng

在zài

那nà

只zhī

手shŏu

背後bèihòu

、 看kàn

著zhe

手shŏu

在zài

写xiĕ

字zì。＂

King at that * hand behind, watching hand writing letters.” (*These two scriptures to be read along with the Society’s audiocassettes.)

How to Make a Suggestion: .ba 吧

Subject + VO + .ba.

What if you want to politely suggest to someone, “Let’s go,” or “Let’s eat,”. How would you say that in Mandarin? It’s easy! Just put .ba at the end of the sentence.

＂ 我们wŏmen

吃饭chīfàn

吧ba！＂＝ “Let’s eat!” How to Answer:

＂ 我们wŏmen

走zŏu

吧ba！＂＝ “Let’s leave!” “Yes” : 好

hăo, 可以kĕyĭ

, 行xíng

, or 成chéng

＂ 咱们zánmen

上学shàngxué

吧ba。＂＝ “Let’s go to school.” “No” : 不

bù可以kĕyĭ

, 不行bùxíng

, or 不成bùchéng

＂ 咱们zánmen

上班shàngbān

吧ba

。＂＝ “Let’s go to work.” “It’s up to you.” : 随便suíbiàn

你nĭ

Note: In the north, people sometimes say “zanmen” instead of “women”. It means pretty much the same thing, except it only means “we” as a number limited to the people present. “Women” could mean “we” = the entire human race or just you and someone else.

64

How To Overcome The Objection:

“我wŏ

信xìn

佛fó。”

“ 是shì

吗ma

？ 我们wŏmen

发觉fājué

差不多chàbuduō

人rén

人rén

都dōu

说shuō

希望xīwàng

世界shìjiè

和平hépíng

。 “ Really? We find that just about everyone all says hope for world peace.

大部份dàbùfen

世界shìjiè

领袖lĭngxiù

也yĕ

这样zhèyàng

说shuō

。既jì然rán

是shì

这样zhèyàng

、 为什麽wèishénme

和平hépíng

Most world leaders also this way speak. Since is this way, why peace

这麽zhème

难nán

获得huòdé

呢ne？＂ ＂ 请

qĭng 您nín

读dú

启示录qĭshìlù

12:7-12, 好hăo

吗ma

？＂ this hard to obtain? Please you read Revelation 12:7-12, ok?” *To explain the scripture, perhaps you could leave “Who Rules the World?” tract.

New Vocabulary:

发觉fājué

: to find, discover 这样zhèyàng

: this way 获得huòdé

: to obtain

希望xīwàng

: to hope for 世界shìjiè

: world 既jì然rán

: since

和平hépíng

: peace 这麽zhème

: so 领袖lĭngxiù

: leader (s)

More VO Complexes! Field Service (Waiqinfuwu)

开车kāichē

: drive a car

走zŏu

路lù: walk (on road)

写xiĕ

字zì: write letters/characters

拿ná

包bāo

: pick up bag

细心xìxīn

地de: carefully 粗心

cūxīn地de: carelessly

Examples: “细心xìxīn地de

走zŏu路lù。” = Walk carefully. (*)

“粗心cūxīn

地de

开车kāichē

。” = Drive carelessly

NOTE *A similar expression is “ 慢màn

走zŏu

。” This is something Chinese people often say as a friend is leaving. It means “take care” or literally “walk slowly.” It is the equivalent of saying “Have a nice day!”

65

普通话＊第 18 课

形容词xíngróngcí

＊ Adjectives

认真rènzhēn

diligent 聪明cōngmíng

intelligent 软弱ruănruò

weak

懒lăn

lazy 害羞hàixiū

shy 强qiáng

strong

特别tèbié

special 简单jiăndān

simple 麻má

numb

普通pŭtōng

common 复杂fùzá

complex 辣là

hot (spicy)

假jiă

false 洁净jiéjìng

clean 甜tián

sweet (tasting)

真zhēn

true/real 脏zāng

dirty 苦kŭ

bitter

正常zhèngcháng

normal 软ruăn

soft 矮ăi

short (stature)

奇怪qíguài

strange 硬yìng

hard 高gāo

tall

长cháng

long 累lèi

tired 贵guì

expensive

短duăn

short 口渴kŏukĕ

thirsty 便宜piányi

cheap

平píng

flat 饿è

hungry 容易róngyì

easy

圆yuán

round 饱băo

full, satisfied 少shăo

few

*NOTE * Almost any phrase with a verb and object can become an adjective if you add “.de” to it and put it in front of the noun you are describing. For example: “ai Shangdi .de ren” = “God-loving person”.

Choose some of the above adjectives to fill in the blanks:

1. How do you choose fruit? 1. I choose fruit.

你nĭ

怎麽zĕnme

选择xuănzé

果子guŏzi

？ 我wŏ

选择xuănzé

adj. 的de

果子guŏzi

。

2. How does one choose a husband/wife? 2. You should choose a person.

怎麽zĕnme

选择xuănzé

丈夫zhàngfu

/ 妻子qīzi

？ 你nĭ

应该yīnggāi

选择xuănzé

一个yīgè

adj. 的de人rén

。

66

How to Make Comparisons : “ 比bĭ “

Noun + bi + noun + adjective. V-O + bi + V-O + adjective.

(* Scriptures to be used along with the Society’s audiocassettes.) 1 Cor. 1 :25

“因为yīnwéi

上帝shàngdì

怎样zĕnyàng

愚蠢yúchŭn

也yĕ

比bĭ

人rén

有yŏu

智慧zhìhuì

, Because God how is foolish also compared to people has wisdom,

上帝shàngdì

怎样zĕnyàng

软弱ruănruò

也yĕ

比bĭ

人rén

坚强jiānqiáng

。” God how is weak also compared to people strong. Matthew 6: 25b,26b

“ 生shēng

命mìng

不bù是shì

比bĭ

食物shíwù

重要zhòngyào

吗ma

？ “Life is not compared to food important ?

身体shēntĭ

不bù是shì

比bĭ

衣裳yīshang

重要zhòngyào

吗ma

？…. Body is not compared to clothing important ?

难nán

到dào

你们nĭmen

不bù

比bĭ

飞fēi

鸟niăo

贵重guìzhòng

吗ma

？” Can it be that you not compared to birds precious ?” New Vocabulary in above Scriptures:

愚蠢yúchŭn

: foolish 生命shēngmìng

: life 身体shēntĭ

: body 重要zhòngyào

: important

智慧zhìhuì

: wisdom 食物shíwù

: food 衣裳yīshang

: clothing 贵重guìzhòng

: precious

Homework sentences, please translate:

1. Tim 比bĭ Sara 高

gāo。 8. 天使

tiānshĭ 比bĭ 人rén

聪明cōngmíng

。

2. Sara 比bĭ Tim 矮

ăi。 9. 刘

liú先生xiānsheng

比bĭ 他tā 妻子qīzi

害羞hàixiū

。

3. Samantha 比bĭ Sara 饿

è。 10. 马

mă 小姐xiăojie

比bĭ 她tā 妹妹mèimei

认真rènzhēn

。

4. 吃饭chīfàn

比bĭ 写xiĕ字zì 容易róngyì

。 11. Bananas 比bĭ apples 长

cháng。

5. Sara 比bĭ Samantha 懒

lăn。 12. Apples 比

bĭ bananas 硬

yìng。

6. Jason 比bĭ Tim 率

shuài。 13. Brain 比

bĭ computer 复杂

fùzá。

7. Sugar 比bĭ lemons 甜

tián。 14. 这里

zhèlĭ 比bĭ 那里nàli

脏zāng

。

67

COLORS : YANSE

black white grey red pink purple blue green yellow orange

hēisè黑色

báisè白色

huīsè灰色

hóngsè红色

fĕnhóngsè粉红色

zĭsè紫色

lánsè蓝色

lǜsè绿色

huángsè黄色

jú橘sè色

*Heiren: black person *Bairen: white person *White is the Chinese color of mourning; worn at funerals

Practice with saying times in Chinese. Question: When do your meetings begin?

QUESTION:

nĭmen你们

de的 jùhuì聚会

shénme什麽

shíhòu时候

kāishĭ开始？

ANSWER:

wŏmen我们

mĕigè每个

xīngqī星期

yŏu有

wŭ五gè个 jùhuì聚会。

xīngqīsān星期三

wănshang晚上

yŏu有

shūjíyánjiūbān书籍研究班 。

tā它 (time)

kāishĭ开始。

xīngqīwŭ星期五

wănshang晚上

yŏu有

liăng两gè个 jùhuì聚会。

yŏu有

chuándào传道

xùnliàn训练

bān班 hé和 chuándào

传道 gōngzuò工作

jùhuì聚会。

tāmen它们 (time)

kāishĭ开始 。

xīngqītiān星期天

yĕ也yŏu有

liăng两gè个 jùhuì聚会。

gōngzhòng公众

yănjiăng演讲 (time)

kāishĭ开始。

ránhòu然后

shŏuwàngtái守望台

yánjiū研究 (time)

kāishĭ开始。

New Vocabulary:

mĕigè每个 : every one, each one

ránhòu然后 : afterwards

kāishĭ开始 ：start, begin

68

How To Offer a Bible Study Using the New Tract : Would You Like to Know More About the Bible?

‘你

nĭ想

xiăng 加深

jiāshēn 对duì

圣经

shèngjīng 的de

认识

rènshi 吗ma

？’

你

nĭ 知zhī

不

bù知道

zhīdao、只

zhĭ用

yòng几

jĭ分钟

fēnzhōng 就jiù

能

néng 找到

zhăodào 一个

yīgè 圣经

shèngjīng 问题

wèntí的

de 答案

dá’àn？

“ Do you know, only use few minutes can find a Bible question’s answer?”

请

qĭng 您nín

读

dú 第一

dìyī段

duàn、好

hăo吗

ma？ (Point out the first pp under first subheading.)

“Please (you) read aloud this paragraph, ok?”

*(Householder reads first paragraph under first subheading, “Help in Understanding the Bible”)

您

nín 对duì

圣经

shèngjīng 感găn

兴趣

xìngqu 吗ma

？ “ Do you toward Bible feel interest?”

* (Listen to reply, then continue whether they say yes or no.)

圣经

shèngjīng 会huì

帮助

bāngzhù 我们

wŏmen 获得

huòdé 裨益

bìyì。 请

qĭng 看kàn

加拉太书

jiālātàishū 5: 22, 23 怎样

zĕnyàng 说

shuō。

“Bible can help us obtain benefit. Please read Galatians 5:22, 23 what says.”

请

qĭng您

nín 读dú

、好

hăo吗

ma？

“Please you read, ok?”

*(Householder reads: ＂另lìng

一yī

方面fāngmiàn

、 圣灵shènglíng

的de 果实guŏshí

有yŏu

爱ài心xīn

、喜乐xĭlè

、和平hépíng

、坚jiān

忍rĕn

、仁慈réncí

、 良善liángshàn

、信心xìnxīn

、温和wēnhé

、自制zìzhì

。 这样zhèyàng

的de 事shì 没有méiyŏu

律法lǜfă

禁止jìnzhĭ

。＂)

我

wŏ 下个星期

xiàgèxīngqī 想

xiăng 再zài

来

lái 拜访

bàifăng 您nín

、好

hăo吗

ma？您

nín 想

xiăng 学习

xuéxí 圣经

shèngjīng 吗ma

？ “ I next week want to come back to visit you. Do you want to study Bible?” *(Householder’s reply: “Xiang” , “Hao”, “Keyi!” : “Ok!”, or “Buxing” : “No.”)

69

普通话

pŭtōnghuà＊ 第dì

19 课kè

时间shíjiān

Time

开始kāishĭ

to start 以前yĭqián

/ 之前zhīqián

before 时间shíjiān

time

结束jiéshù

to end 以後yĭhòu

/ 之後zhīhòu

after 最近zuìjìn

recently

今年jīnnián

this year 平常píngcháng

usually 早zăo

early

明年míngnián

next year 礼lĭ

拜bài

week 迟chí

late

去年qùnián

last year 公元gōngyuán

C.E. 总是zŏngshì

always

现在xiànzài

now 公元前gōngyuánqián

B.C.E. 小时xiăoshí

hour

过去guòqu

past 突然tūrán

suddenly 分钟fēnzhōng

minute

将来jiānglái

future 还hái

yet, still 现代xiàndài

modern

历史lìshĭ

history 继续jìxù

to continue 古代gŭdài

ancient

出来chūlai

come out 从cóng

….到dào

… from… to… 有时候yŏushíhou

sometimes

出chū

去qù

to exit, go out 从来cónglái

没有méiyŏu

never before 时期shíqī

period in time

认为rènwéi

to feel, think, believe 第一dìyī

世纪shìjì

的de

基督徒jīdūtú

First Century Christians

The Fruits of the Spirit : 圣灵shènglíng

的de

果实guŏshí

爱ài心xīn

喜乐xĭlè

和平hépíng

坚jiān

忍rĕn

仁慈réncí

良善liángshàn

信心xìnxīn

温和wēnhé

自制zìzhì

love joy peace longsuffering kindess goodness faith mildness selfcontrol

70

好像hăoxiàng

/ 象xiàng

/ 如rú

“is like” or “is similar to”

好像hăoxiàng

+ VO OR 好像hăoxiàng

+ noun OR 如rú

+ VO OR 如rú

+ noun “ Xiang ” is just a shortened form of “haoxiang”. They mean the same thing.

* “Haoxiang” and “ru” in Chinese are used very similarly to how “like” and “similar to” are used in English. These words are used when you are comparing one thing to another thing. We use this a lot in life, and expecially when using illustrations. Here are three scriptural examples of these words:

箴言zhēnyán

2:4 “You must not stop searching, like searching (for) silver; not stop searching, like searching (for) treasure.”

你nĭ

要yào

不停bùtíng

寻求xúnqiú

, 好像hăoxiàng

寻求xúnqiú

银子yínzi

; 不断bùduàn

搜sōu索suŏ

, 好像hăoxiàng

搜sōu索suŏ

宝藏băozàng

。

马太福音mătàifúyīn

3:16, 17 “Jesus (got) baptized, immediately from water come up. Look! Heaven opened, John saw God’s

耶稣yēsū

受shòu了le浸jìn

、立刻lìkè

从cóng

水shuĭ里lĭ上shàng

来lái。看kàn哪na！天tiān开kāi了le、 约翰yuēhàn

看见kànjiàn

上帝shàngdì

的de

spirit like dove come down on Jesus’ body.”

灵líng

好像hăoxiàng

鸽子gēzĭ

降jiàng

在zài

耶稣yēsū

身shēn

上shàng

。

以赛亚书yĭsàiyăshū

48:18 “If only you notice my commands! This way, your peace then like river water, your righteousness then vast

但愿dànyuàn

你nĭ留意liúyì我wŏ的de诫命jièmìng

！ 这样zhèyàng

、你nĭ的de

平安píng’ān

就jiù

如rú

河hé水shuĭ

、你nĭ的de

义yì行xíng

就jiù

浩hào

like ocean waves.”

如rú

海hăi浪làng

。

(NOTE: Often 一样yíyàng

: the same as , is used with 好像hăoxiàng

and 如rú

。 For example:

“ 好像hăoxiàng

他tā 一样yíyàng

高gāo。” : “ The same height as him.” )

71

要是yàoshì

… , 就jiù

… If….., then…..

要是yàoshì

+ subject + (aux. verb) + V-O, … subject/pronoun/noun + 就jiù

+ (aux. verb) + V-O.

When we are reasoning with someone, we often say “If … (something happens), then…(there will be a certain result).” For example, “If a person excercises everyday, then their health will improve.” Or, “If we read the Bible daily, then we will have a happier life.”

A very commonly made mistake by English speakers of Mandarin has to do with where “then” goes in the second half of this kind of sentence. In English we say: “…then we will draw closer to God,” , but in Chinese it should be “…we then will draw closer to God.” So, the biggest difference in this grammar structure from English is that “then” comes AFTER the noun, not before it, like in English.

雅各书yăgèshū

4:17 “ Therefore, if person knows how to do right things, but not go do, then is his sin.”

所以suŏyĭ

、要是yàoshì

人rén

知道zhīdao

怎麽zĕnme

做zuò

对duì

的de 事shì

,却què

不bù去qù 做zuò

, 就jiù 是shì

他tā 的de 罪zuì

了le。

*NOTE : A synonym for “要是yàoshì

” is “如果rúguŏ

”. These two words are used the same way.

**NOTE #2: “就jiù

” has many uses other than “then”. It can also emphasize verbs.

“就是jiùshì

” means “definitely is”； there is no question about it, it is. A good example is

1 John 4:8 “ 上帝shàngdì

就是jiùshì

爱ài。＂

72

Biographical Database

1. 你nĭ

今天jīntiān

干gàn

什麽shénme

？ What are you doing today?

Answer: Please try to use Chinese.

2. 你nĭ

几jĭ点diăn

（ 放fàng

学xué

、下班xiàbān

….）？ What time do you get off (school, work, ….)

answer: 我wŏ

(time) 才cái

会huì

( 放fàng

学xué

、下班xiàbān

….)。

3. 这个zhègè

东西dōngxi

几jĭ块kuài

钱qián

？ (under $10) How much does this thing cost?

answer: $3.00

4. 这个zhègè

东西dōngxi

多少duōshăo

钱qián

？ (over $10) How much does this thing cost?

answer: $17.00

The Many Meanings of ＂ 上shàng

＂and ＂下xià

＂

These two words are extremely flexible and you will see them

alot in Chinese books. We can not cover all possible uses of

“shang” and “xia”, but these are some common terms :

上班shàngbān

go to work 上车shàngchē

get in car 上shàng

楼lóu

go upstairs

下班xiàbān

get off work 下xià

车chē

get out of car 下xià

楼lóu

go downstairs

上学shàngxué

go to school 上shàng

来lái

come up 上shàng

天堂tiāntáng

go to heaven*

放fàng

学xué

get off school 下xià

来lái

come down 下xià

地狱dìyù

go down to hell* * These two phrases are Christendom’s expressions. You may hear your Bible student use them.

73

普通话 ＊ 第 20 课

最后zuìhòu

的de

日子rìzi

＊ The Last Days

忧虑yōulǜ

anxiety 忍耐rĕnnài

endurance 监狱jiānyù

prison

瘟疫wēnyì

pestilence 辛苦xīnkŭ

tough, difficult xié’è邪恶 wicked/bad

战争zhànzhēng

war 担心dānxīn

to worry 惩罚chéngfá

to punish

地震dìzhèn

earthquake 受苦shòukŭ

to suffer 发生fāshēng

to happen

饥荒jīhuang

famine 後悔hòuhuĭ

to regret 危险wēixiăn

danger

政府zhèngfŭ

government 决定juédìng

to decide 哭kū

to cry

强暴qiángbào

violence 终止zhōngzhĭ

to end, stop 贫穷pínqióng

poor

自杀zìshā

suicide 包括bāokuò

includes 富有fùyŏu

rich

贪心tānxīn

greedy 死亡sĭwáng

death 标征biāozhēng

sign

杀人shārén

to murder 衰shuāi

老lăo

to grow old 恨hèn

to hate

高傲gāo’ào

arrogant 反应fănyìng

reaction, response 避免bìmiăn

to avoid

自私zìsī

selfish 事物制度shìwùzhìdù

system of things 自然zìrán

natural

TPR: New Verb - Object Complexes and Adverbs

睡觉shuìjiào

: to sleep 跳舞tiàowŭ

: to dance 开心kāixīn

地de

: happily

起床qĭchuáng

: to get up (out of bed) 跑步păobù

: to run 难过nánguò

地de

: sadly

74

把bă

：To Take

Subject + ba + Object +Verb.

The word “把bă

” is very important to the Chinese language. It means “take” in the sense of “I’m going to take this car and sell it!” When we say this in English, we don’t mean that we are planning to physically pick the car up, carry it somewhere,

then sell it. It merely means that we plan to sell the car. “把bă

” is used in a very similar way. It enables the speaker to put the verb AFTER the object, rather than before it. So, rather than saying “I am going to sell the car,” (S- verb-object),

“把bă

” allows the speaker to say “I am going to take this car and sell it.” (S- ba-object-verb) This manner of speaking is used much more frequently in Chinese than it is in English, and it is vital to understand it.

When using “把bă

” in a conversation, both people should already know which

object is being referred to. The word “把bă

” is used to speak about specific things,

not general. Often, “把bă

” is used in commands. A mother may so to her child, “把bă

书shū

看kàn

看kàn

!” (Read the book!) The child knows which book is being referred to. Notice

that the subject of the sentence (你nĭ - you) is often dropped in a command or a

request. Examples:

1. 把bă

书shū

放fàng

在zài

椅子yĭzi

上shàng

。 Take the book and place it on the chair.

2. 请qĭng

你nĭ

把bă

饭fàn

吃完chīwán

。 Please take the food and finish eating it.

3. 请qĭng

把bă

书shū

看kàn

看kàn

。 Please take the book and read it. ** (See note below)

4. 把bă

衣服yīfu

放fàng

在zài

桌子zhuōzi

上shàng

。 Take the clothes and put them on the table.

New Vocabulary: 带dài

: to take, to bring (literally, physically take) 放fàng

: to put

**NOTE: Notice that none of the verbs are hanging alone at the end of the sentence. It is uncommon for verbs to be left at the end of the sentence alone. For example, it would be incorrect to say, “Ba shu kan!” We should either say “kan.kan”, “kanwan”, “kan.le”, or some similar complement to the verb. The easiest way is just to say the verb twice, like “kan.kan” or “kan .yi kan” (read a read, literally).

75

＂你nĭ

要yào

我wŏ

来lái

接jiē

你nĭ

吗ma

？＂ “Would you like me to come pick you up?”

Possible Responses:

“I’m embarrassed (to bother you).” or “I don’t want to give you trouble!”

不好意思bùhăoyìsi

！ 我wŏ

不要bùyào

给gĕi

你nĭ

麻烦máfan

! (These responses are polite in Chinese culture, even if the person does want to go to the meeting.)

We could Respond:

I really am very happy to take you to the mtg!”

我wŏ

真的zhēnde

很hĕn

乐意lèyì

带dài

你nĭ

去qù

聚会jùhuì

阿a

！ Other responses:

“Ok! What time are you coming?”

行xíng

！你nĭ

几jĭ

点diăn

来lái

呢ne

？ “No need, we have our own car.”

不用bùyòng

、 我们wŏmen

自己zìjĭ

有yŏu

车chē

。

乐意lèyì

: happy to, willing 不用bùyòng

: no need 麻烦máfan

: trouble

Near and Far 近jìn

, 远yuăn

, 离lí

How to say where one thing is in relation to another

Place + 离lí + place + near/far/time/miles.

The Kingdom Hall is very close to here. 王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

离lí

这儿zhèr

很hĕn

近jìn。

The KH is an hour from your home.. 王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

离lí

你nĭ

家jiā

一个yīgè

小时xiăoshí

。

The KH is 60 miles from here. 王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

离lí

这儿zhèr

六十liùshí

英里yīnglĭ

。

Is your house far from here? 你nĭ

家jiā

离lí

这儿zhèr

远yuăn

吗ma

？

76

Dramatic Acting Skit: The Last Days

A: 最近zuìjìn

很多hĕnduō

人rén

受苦shòukŭ

、是不是shìbùshì

？ 你nĭ

认为rènwéi

上帝shàngdì

关心guānxīn

受苦shòukŭ

的de

人rén

吗ma

？

B: 我wŏ

不bù

知道zhīdao

。

A: 那麽nàme

、你nĭ

有yŏu

没有méiyŏu

听过tīngguò

、 我们wŏmen

现在xiànzài

的de

日子rìzi

就是jiùshì

＂最后的日子zuìhòuderìzĭ

＂呢ne

？

B: 没有méiyŏu

。最后的日子zuìhòuderìzĭ

是shì

什麽shénme

？

A: 耶稣yēsū

在zài

马太福音mătàifúyīn

24:7 告诉gàosù

我们wŏmen

。这里zhèlĭ

说shuō

：＂民族mínzú

要yào

攻打gōngdă

民族mínzú

、

王国wángguó

要yào

攻打gōngdă

王国wángguó

、一yī

处chù

接jiē

一yī

处chù

有yŏu

粮liáng

荒huāng

和hé

地震dìzhèn

。＂ 你nĭ

认为rènwéi

今天jīntiān

的de

日子rìzi

好像hăoxiàng

耶稣yēsū

所suŏ

说shuō

的de

吗ma

？

B: 很hĕn

象xiàng

阿a

！

A: 我wŏ

同意tóngyì

。今天jīntiān

有yŏu

很hĕn

多duō

战争zhànzhēng

、 地震dìzhèn

、和hé

瘟疫wēnyì

、是不是shìbùshì

？

B: 是的shìde

。

A: 那麽nàme

、耶稣yēsū

说shuō

最后的日子zuìhòuderìzĭ

会huì

有yŏu

另外lìngwài

一个yīgè

标征biāozhēng

。 请qĭng

留意liúyì

第dì

14 节jié

:＂这zhè

王国wángguó

的de

好消息hăoxiāoxī

会huì

传chuán

遍biàn

普pŭ

天tiān

下xià

、对duì

所有suŏyŏu

人rén

作zuò

见证jiànzhèng

； 到dào

时shí

终结zhōngjié

就jiù

会huì

来到láidào

。＂ 耶稣yēsū

提到tídào

＂好消息hăoxiāoxī

＂。 圣经shèngjīng

说shuō

、 有yŏu

一天yītiān

、 上帝shàngdì

会huì

惩罚chéngfá

xié’è邪恶的

de人rén

。还hái

有yŏu

、他tā

会huì

拯救zhĕngjiù

好hăo

人rén

。你nĭ

想xiăng

知道zhīdao

更多gèngduō

关於guānyú

圣经shèngjīng

的de

好消息hăoxiāoxī

吗ma

？

B: 我wŏ

想xiăng

！ 请qĭng

进jìn、 请

qĭng进jìn！

77

Lesson 21 圣经shèngjīng

研究yánjiū

： Bible Study

划huà

下来xialai

: to underline 肯定kĕndìng

: definitely

准备zhŭnbèi

资料zīliào

: prepare information 地方dìfang

: place

讨论tăolùn

: discuss, discussion 只zhĭ : only, merely (before vb)

方法fāngfă

: a method, way 合理hélĭ

：reasonable

已经yĭjing

: already 还是háishì

: or

小心xiăoxīn

: to be careful 画儿huàr

: picture (MW: fu)

问题wèntí

甲jiă: question A 附框

fùkuàng: text box ; chart

问题wèntí

乙yĭ: question B 类似

lèisì : similar

问题wèntí

丙bĭng

: question C 原故yuángù

: (a) reason

代表dàibiăo

: to represent, symbolize 看法kànfă

: viewpoint

答案dá’àn

: an answer 段duàn

: paragraph, MW for texts

意思yìsī

: meaning 觉得juéde

: to feel or think

同意tóngyì

: to agree 同tóng

/ 不同bùtóng

: same/different

比喻bĭyù

: illustration (不bù)记得jìde

: to remember/forget

评论pínglùn

: comment (不bù)可能kĕnéng

: possible/impossible

预言yùyán

: a prophecy 培养péiyăng

: to cultivate (qualities)

NOTE: 答案dá’àn

is a noun, “an answer”. 回答huídá

is a verb, “to answer”.

78

Homework: Translate these sentences into English

1. 你nĭ的de看法kànfă

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

？ 8. 这个zhègè

偶像ŏuxiàng

代表dàibiăo

谁shéi

？

2. 这个zhègè

东西dōngxi

代表dàibiăo

什麽shénme

？ 9. 这zhè

段duàn

经文jīngwén

是shì 什麽shénme

意思yìsī

？

3. 那nà个gè 地方dìfang

在zài 哪nă里lĭ？ 10. 你

nĭ 觉得juéde

耶稣yēsū

的de 话huà

合理hélĭ

吗ma

？

4. 请qĭng

划huà

下来xialai

问题wèntí

丙bĭng

的de 答案dá’àn

。 11. 你nĭ 同意tóngyì

吗ma

？

5. 你nĭ 觉得juéde

这zhè

是shì 可能kĕnéng

的de吗ma

？ 12. 你nĭ的de 评论pínglùn

很好hĕnhăo

！

６．我wŏ

不bù

记得jìde

！ 13. 第dì二èr

段duàn

的de 比喻bĭyù

是shì 什麽shénme

？

7. 你nĭ 记得jìde

吗ma

？ 14. 他tā 只zhĭ

有yŏu

一yī本bĕn

书shū

。

Dramatic Acting Skit #1: Please Come In : “Qing jin!”

A: 你nĭ 有yŏu

什麽shénme

事shì？ (What matter are you here about?)

B: 我wŏ 要yào

给gĕi 你nĭ 好消息hăoxiāoxī

。 (hand householder a tract.)

A: 谢谢xièxie

！ 请qĭng

进jìn

、请qĭng

进jìn

! (Please come in!)

B: 我wŏ 应该yīnggāi

脱tuō

鞋xié 吗ma

？ (Should I take my shoes off?)

A: 别bié 脱tuō

鞋xié！请qĭng

坐zuò

！ (No, please have a seat!)

B: 谢谢xièxie

！

A: 你nĭ要yào

喝hē

水shuĭ

吗ma

？

B: 我wŏ 不bù 口渴kŏukĕ

、谢谢xièxie

！

A: 别bié 客气kèqì

阿a。 外面wàimian

好hăo

热rè！ (Don’t be polite! It’s very hot outside!)

B: 可以kĕyĭ

、谢谢xièxie

！(Alright, thanks!)

A: 行xíng

！请qĭng

等dĕng

一yī下xià。(Ok, please wait a second!)

79

Dramatic Acting Skit #2 : Not At Home 不在bùzài家jiā

A: 你nĭ 找zhăo

谁shéi

？ (Who are you looking for?)

B: 张zhāng

小姐xiăojie

在zài 家jiā 吗ma

？ (Is Miss Zhang at home?)

A: 她tā 不在bùzài

。她tā 三sān

点diăn

才cái 回家huíjiā

。 (She’s not home. She won’t be back until 3:00.)

B: 那nà、我wŏ 三sān

点diăn

之後zhīhòu

再zài来lái、行xíng

不bù

行xíng

？ (Then I’ll come back after 3:oo, ok?)

A: 行xíng

。 (Ok.)

B: 谢谢xièxie

、再见zàijiàn

！

“你nĭ

要yào

跟gēn

我们wŏmen

一起yìqĭ

去qù

聚会jùhuì

吗ma

？”

可以kĕyĭ

: yes, I can 不行bùxíng

: No

不会bùhuì

: I can’t 随便suíbiàn

: whatever

行xíng

: ok 随便suíbiàn

你nĭ

: it’s up to you

无所谓wúsuŏwèi

: it doesn’t matter one way or the other

没méi

办法bànfă

: there’s no way (I can do it)

80

故事: 张zhāng

小xiăo红hóng

的de

早上zăoshang

今天jīntiān

小xiăo

红hóng

很hĕn

早zăo

起床qĭchuáng

。她tā很hĕn

累lèi。她tā

慢màn

慢màn

地de

穿chuān

衣服yīfu

、

然后ránhòu

吃chī

早饭zăofàn

。她tā

总zŏng

是shì

在zài

吃chī

早饭zăofàn

的de时候shíhou

喝hē茶chá

。她tā

也yĕ

很hĕn

喜欢xĭhuan

看kàn

＂天天tiāntiān

考查kăochá

圣经shèngjīng

＂。她tā

吃chī

早饭zăofàn

之後zhīhòu

平常píngcháng

去qù跑步păobù

。她tā喜欢xĭhuan

跑步păobù

因为yīnwéi

她tā不要bùyào

胖pàng

起来qĭlai

。但是dànshì

、今天jīntiān

天气tiānqì

太tài

冷lĕng

、所以suŏyĭ

她tā

今天jīntiān

不bù

愿yuàn

跑步păobù

。今天jīntiān

晚上wănshang

她tā

会huì

跟gēn

她tā的de

朋友péngyou

一起yìqĭ

跳舞tiàowŭ

。

早上zăoshang

八bā

点diăn

半bàn

的de时候shíhou

、她tā

妈妈māma

对duì

她tā

说shuō

：＂ 张zhāng

小xiăo

红hóng

阿a！你nĭ

记得jìde

吗ma

？我们wŏmen

今天jīntiān

要yào

一起yìqĭ

去qù

传道chuándào

！＂小xiăo

红hóng

对duì

她tā 妈妈māma

说shuō

：＂

我wŏ记得jìde

！谢谢xièxie

！我wŏ已经yĭjīng

准备好了zhŭnbèihăole

。 咱们zánmen

走zŏu

吧ba。＂

她tā

们men

传道chuándào

的de 时候shíhòu

拜访bàifăng

了le 很hĕn

多duō

续访xùfăng

。续访xùfăng

都dōu

在zài家jiā。

她tā

们men

也yĕ 分发fēnfā

了le不少bùshăo

杂志zázhì

。所以suŏyĭ

她tā

们men

回家huíjiā

的de时候shíhou

特别tèbié

高兴gāoxìng

。

How To Say “When” or “While”:

“.的de时候shíhou

” Formula: Subject + verb + .de shihou + subject + verb- object.

While she was eating, she read a book. 她tā 吃饭chīfàn

的de时候shíhòu

也yĕ 看kàn

书shū

。

When she went to China, she spoke Chinese. 她tā 在zài 中国zhōngguó

的de 时候shíhou

说shuō

中文zhōngwén

。

While he was living in the US, he learned English. 他tā 住zhù

在zài 美国mĕiguó

的de时候shíhòu

学xué

英文yīngwén

。

81

普通话＊第 22 课

品格pĭngé

＊ Personality

邻居línjū

neighbor 感动găndòng

moved (emotionally) 找zhăo

to look for

价值jiàzhí

value 例子lìzi

example, case 找到zhăodào

* to find

将jiāng

synonym of “把bă

” 可怜kĕlián

pitiful 改变găibiàn

to change

感情gănqíng

emotions 可爱kĕ’ài

cute, loveable 关於guānyú

about, concerning

生气shēngqì

angry 可惜kĕxī

(it’s a ) pity, a shame 品格pĭngé

personality

惊讶jīngyà

surprised 行为xíngwéi

actions, behavior 成为chéngwéi

to become

礼物lĭwù

a gift, present 努力nŭlì

try hard 进jìn

to enter

害怕hàipà

fear, afraid 羞耻xiūchĭ

ashamed 伤害shānghài

to hurt, injure

紧张jĭnzhāng

nervous 嫉妒jídù

envy/jealousy 关心guānxīn

to care for

灰心huīxīn

discouraged 以为yĭwéi

to wrongly assume 试图shìtú

to attempt, try

看法kànfă

viewpoint 大方dàfāng

out-going ; generous 鼓励gŭlì

to encourage

( 恐kŏng

)怕pà

(I’m) afraid (that)… 性情xìngqíng

disposition, temperment 特质tèzhì

qualities

*NOTE: Adding “dao” to the end of many verbs means successfully completed action. It can be combined with “.le”. For example: “zhaodao .le”, “kandao .le”, “tingdao .le”, “jiandao .le”, etc.

Jehovah’s Four Outstanding Qualities

智慧zhìhuì

力量lìliang

爱ài心xīn

公正gōngzhèng

Wisdom Power Love Justice

82

Adjectives and Modifying Phrases Descriptive phrase + .de + noun

马太福音mătàifúyīn

5: 5, 7, 8

“Temperament mild.de person has happiness, because they will inherit earth as inheritance.”

5 jie 性情xìngqing

温和wēnhé

的de

人rén

有yŏu

福fú了le、 因为

yīnwéi 他们tāmen

会huì

承受chéngshòu

大地dàdì

作为zuòwéi

产业chănyè

。 Mercy.de person has happiness, because they will get mercy.”

7 jie 慈悲cíbēi

的de

人rén

有yŏu

福fú了le、 因为

yīnwéi 他们tāmen

会huì

得dé

蒙méng

慈悲cíbēi

。 “Heart pure.de person has happiness, because they will see God.”

8 jie 心xīn

地dì

纯洁chúnjié

的de

人rén

有yŏu

福fú了le、 因为

yīnwéi 他们tāmen

会huì

看见kànjiàn

上帝shàngdì

。

In Chinese, almost any words or phrases can become adjectives if you put them in front of the noun you want to describe and then add a “.de” between the phrase and the noun. For example, in English we may say, “a Godly woman”, in Chinese though, it would sound like, “love God .de woman.” (Ai Shangdi .de nuren)

Examples:

1. 撒拉sālā

是shì

爱ài

上帝shàngdì

的de

人rén

。 Sarah was a Godly person.

2. 他tā 是shì

个gè

听tīng

话huà

的de

孩子háizi

。 He is an obedient child.

3. 摩西móxī

是shì

一个yīgè

有yŏu

信心xìnxīn

的de

人rén

。 Moses was a faithful person.

4. 耶稣yēsū

是shì

一个yīgè

有yŏu

爱ài心xīn

的de

人rén

。 Jesus is a loving person. NOTE: In the case of some phrases (see #３ and #４) we need to use “to have” (you) before the descriptive word. It would not be correct to say

“摩西móxī

是shì

一个yīgè

信心xìnxīn

的de

人rén

、,” or “耶稣yēsū

是shì

一个yīgè

爱ài心xīn

的de

人rén

。”

83

还hái

没méi

（有yŏu

） “ Still haven’t ” or “Hasn’t yet” S + haimei (you) + VO.

“She hasn’t come yet,” or “I still haven’t done that…” In Chinese, these expressions are very similar grammatically to our expressions in English. Using Mandarin, “hai mei (you)” expresses the thought of not yet completing an action.

When expressing this thought, often people drop the “you” in “hai meiyou”. They often just say “haimei”. For example, these two sentences mean the same thing: “Ta hai meiyou shang juhui,” and “Ta haimei shang juhui.” Both of these examples mean: “She/He still hasn’t attended a meeting.”

The biggest difference between the Chinese and English way to say “yet” is, English puts “yet” at the end of the sentence. Chinese puts “yet” or “still” (hai) before the verb, never at the end of the sentence.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. 我wŏ

不要bùyào

伤害shānghài

你nĭ的de

感情gănqíng

。 5. 我wŏ

很hĕn

惊讶jīngyà

！

2. 他tā

的de

工作gōngzuò

很hĕn

辛苦xīnkŭ

！ 6. 那nà

件jiàn

事shì

很hĕn

可惜kĕxī

啊a！

3 请qĭng

进jìn！ 7.我

wŏ 很hĕn

感动găndòng

！

4. 你nĭ的de

看法kànfă

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

？ 8. 我wŏ

恐怕kŏngpà

你nĭ

会huì

生病shēngbìng

！

Homework: Look over all of your past vocabulary lists and find all the words that you have a hard time remembering. Bring in flashcards of those hard-to-remember words to next week’s class so that we can practice as a class. Translate the provided sentences into English. You don’t need to rewrite them in pinyin, just hand in the English translations.

86

普通话＊第 23 课

生词shēngcí

练习liànxí

＊ Vocabulary Review

Everyday Vocabulary 口语kŏuyŭ

到底dàodĭ

get to the point 书面shūmiàn

话huà

“book-ish” speech 谈tán谈tán

to chat

华人huárén

Chinese people 口语kŏuyŭ

everyday speech 骗piàn

to trick

弄nòng

to do/to make 难怪nánguài

it’s no wonder 发fā财cái

get rich

算suàn

regard as, count as 利害lìhai

formidable, amazing 诺nuò言yán

promise

同辈压力tóngbèiyālì

peer pressure 买măi

buy 礼貌lĭmào

polite

做zuò

买卖măimài

do business 卖mài

sell 外国人wàiguórén

foreigner

物质主义wùzhìzhŭyì

materialism 当dāng／做zuò

to be 不理bùlĭ

to ignore

怎麽zĕnme

办bàn

? What can be done?

越来越 Yue lai yue adj. : More and more adjective Each year, your mother looks younger and younger.

每年mĕinián

你nĭ

的de

妈妈māma

看来kànlai

越来越yuèláiyuè

年青niánqīng

。

This world is getting more and more wicked.

这个zhègè

世界shìjiè

越来越yuèláiyuè

坏huài

。

87

“你nĭ 学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

学xué得de

怎麽样zĕnmeyàng

？”

“How is your study of Chinese?”

越来越yuèláiyuè

忙máng

: more and more busy 越来越yuèláiyuè

好hăo

: better and better

越来越yuèláiyuè

快kuài

: faster and faster 越来越yuèláiyuè

容易róngyì

: easier and easier

越来越yuèláiyuè

认真rènzhēn

: more and more diligent 越来越yuèláiyuè

简单jiăndān

: more and more simple

BIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE

1. 您nín

多大duōdà

? How old are you? (person older than you)

Answer: 你nĭ 猜cāi

吧ba！ Guess!

(If you don’t want to say.) or (same as answer to #2.)

2. 你nĭ几jĭ 岁suì

? How old are you? (younger person)

Answer: 我wŏ

# 岁suì

。 I am # years old.

3. 请问qĭngwèn

、我wŏ

应该yīnggāi

怎麽zĕnme

称呼chēnghu

您nín

？ Excuse me, how should I address you?

Answer: Say whatever form of address you prefer; first or last name, English or Chinese.

4. 你nĭ 上shàng

哪nă个gè 会众huìzhòng

？ What congregation do you attend?

Answer: 我wŏ

上shàng

______ 中文zhōngwén

会众huìzhòng

. I attend the ____Chinese cong.

88

被bèi

： “got” or “get” Subject + (mei) + bei + (noun) + VO + (.le).

“被bèi

” is a very important verb to understand in Chinese. It has a couple of different uses, but we will only discuss one here. Depending

on the context, “被bèi

” for the most part, implies something bad

happening. For example, getting killed, put in jail, beaten, etc. But, “被bèi

” can sometimes also apply to good things happening. For example, getting appointed as a pioneer or elder.

If the VO complex at the end of the sentence ends with “了le

”,

then we know that the action is completed. “被bèi

” is most often used in

conjunction with “了le

” to describe past events. Without “了le

” at the end,

it can refer to something that hasn’t happened (see #6).

1. He got disfellowshipped. 他tā

被bèi

开除kāichú

了le

。

2. He got appointed as an elder. 他tā

被bèi

委派wĕipài

长老zhănglăo

了le

。

3. He got killed. 他tā

被bèi

杀死shāsĭ

了le

。

4. He got seen by people. 他tā

被bèi

人rén

看见kànjiàn

了le

。 (This implies that he didn’t want to be seen .)

5. That matter got discovered by her. 那nèi

件jiàn

事shì

被bèi

她tā

发现fāxiàn

了le

。 (This implies that the matter was a secret.)

6. He did not get beaten by his wife. 他tā

没méi

被bèi

他tā

妻子qīzi

打dă

。

89

只zhĭ

: “only”, “merely”, “just” S + zhi + aux. verb + VO.

Zhiyou + S + aux. verb + VO.

他tā

只zhĭ

要yào

崇拜chóngbài

耶和华yēhéhuá

。 He only wants to worship Jehovah.

它tā

只zhĭ

是shì

狗gŏu

。 It is just a dog.

Lilly 只zhĭ

想xiăng

去qù

中国zhōngguó

。 Lilly merely wants to go to China.

Lilly 只zhĭ

走zŏu

到dào

王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

。 Lilly only walked to the KH.

只有zhĭyŏu

人rén

向xiàng

上帝shàngdì

祷告dăogào

, 动物dòngwù

不bù

会huì

。Only people pray to God, not

animals. 只有zhĭyŏu

耶稣yēsū

为wèi

人类rénlèi

死亡sĭwáng

。Only Jesus died for mankind.

Practical Conversation: Skit (waiting at a doctor’s office together)

A: 你好nĭhăo

！请问qĭngwèn

、您nín

是shì

中国人zhōngguórén

吗ma

？

B: 是的shìde

。你nĭ

怎麽zĕnme

会huì

说shuō

中文zhōngwén

？你nĭ

去qù过guò

中国zhōngguó

吗ma

？

A: 没méi

去qù过guò。我wŏ

在zài

美国mĕiguó

学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

。

B: 那nà、你nĭ

为什麽wèishénme

学xué

普通话pŭtōnghuà

呢ne？

A: 我wŏ

是shì

老师lăoshī

。我wŏ

想xiăng

帮助bāngzhù

中国人zhōngguórén

明白míngbai

圣经shèngjīng

。

B: 哦ó！你nĭ

是shì

基督徒jīdūtú

、是不是shìbùshì

？那nà、你nĭ 说shuō

中文zhōngwén

说shuō

得de

很好hĕnhăo

！

A: 哪里năli、哪里năli！你nĭ 从cóng

哪里năli

来lái

的de？

B: 我wŏ

是shì

从cóng

大陆dàlù

来lái的de。

A: 是shì

吗ma？我wŏ

很hĕn

想xiăng

去qù

大陆dàlù。你nĭ 已经yĭjīng

在zài

美国mĕiguó

多duō久jiŭ？

90

B: 两liăng

个gè

月yuè了le。

A: 你nĭ 习惯xíguàn

了le美国mĕiguó

吗ma？ (习惯

xíguàn – accustomed to, used to)

B: 还hái

没有méiyŏu

。但是dànshì

、我wŏ

喜欢xĭhuan

美国mĕiguó

。

A: 你nĭ上shàng

这儿zhèr附近fùjìn的de

大学dàxué

吗ma？ ( 上

shàng：to attend )

B: 对duì。我wŏ

上shàng

Pennsylvania 大学dàxué

。

A: 是shì吗ma？那nà、你nĭ的de

专业zhuānyè

是shì

什麽shénme

？

B: 我wŏ的de

专业zhuānyè

是shì

化学huàxué

。

A: 很好hĕnhăo

！你nĭ觉得juéde

化学huàxué

难nán不bù难nán

呢ne？

B: 在zài

台湾táiwān

学xué

化学huàxué

不bù太tài难nán。但是dànshì

、在zài这儿zhèr

我wŏ

不行bùxíng

。学xué

英文yīngwén

很hĕn

难nán。

A: 学xué

外语wàiyŭ

真的zhēnde

很hĕn

难nán！ 普通话pŭtōnghuà

也yĕ

不好bùhăo

学xué！

B: 你nĭ 叫jiào

什麽shénme

名字míngzi

？

A: 我wŏ

叫jiào

_______。你nĭ呢ne？

B: 我wŏ

姓xìng王wáng、叫jiào蕾lĕi蕾lĕi。

A: 我wŏ

很hĕn

高兴gāoxìng

认识rènshi

你nĭ！我wŏ

可以kĕyĭ

送sòng给gĕi你nĭ 两liăng本bĕn

杂志zázhì

吗ma？

B: 可以kĕyĭ

阿a！谢谢xièxie

！

A: 我wŏ

给gĕi

你nĭ 我的wŏde

电话diànhuà

号码hàomă

、好hăo吗ma？如果rúguŏ

你nĭ 想xiăng

跟gēn

我wŏ

学习xuéxí

圣经shèngjīng

、我wŏ

很hĕn乐意lèyì

帮助bāngzhù

你nĭ。

B: 好hăo、谢谢xièxie

、谢谢xièxie

HOMEWORK: Read this skit over carefully and try to understand it. Look up any words that you don’t recognize. Try to memorize some useful lines.

91

普通话＊第 24 课

一块yīkuài

儿er

together 次cì

# of times 南方nánfāng

the south

乐意lèyì

to be happy to 刚gāng

just; barely 北方bĕifāng

the north

愿意yuànyì

to be willing 兴奋xīngfèn

to be excited 停车tíngchē

to park (car)

(块kuài

) 钱qián

money 嘲笑cháoxiào

to laugh at, jeer 首都shŏudū

capital (city)

健康jiànkāng

healthy 开玩笑kāiwánxiào

joking, kidding 城市chéngshì

city, town

完全wánquán

total, complete 离开líkāi

to leave, depart 银行yínháng

bank

条件tiáojiàn

condition, factor 进步jìnbù

to progress, improve 楼lóu

story (bldg)

情况qíngkuàng

circumstances 房间fángjiān

room 搬家bānjiā

to move (house)

碰见pèngjiàn

to bump into 比如bĭrú

说shuō

“For example,” 重要zhòngyào

important

孙子孙女sūnzĭsūnnǚ

grandkids (足zú

) 够gòu

is enough 机会jīhuì

opportunity

对面duìmiàn

opposite side 这些zhèxie

these 保护băohù

to protect

中间zhōngjiàn

middle 那些nàxiē

those 拯救zhĕngjiù

save, rescue

蒙méng

悦纳yuènà

gain approval 取悦qŭyuè

to please, satisfy 感激gănjī

thankfulness

愿yuàn

may, wish (as in “May your kingdom come.”)

92

“Who”, “Which”, “That”, and “What” Verb-Object + .de + noun + description. S + suo + verb + .de + noun + description.

There are no real Chinese equivalents for the English words “who”, “which”, or “that” in Mandarin. In English one says, “The house that Jack built,…” but in Chinese one would say: “Jack suo built.de house…” (Jack suo jianzhu.de fangzi…) English does have some similar ways of speaking without using “that”, “who”, or “which”, for example: “a self-made man” or “home-cooked meal”.

In the sentence “The house that Jack built,” the clause “that Jack built” modifies (or describes) the noun “house”. In Chinese, the modifying phrase should come before the noun it modifies: for example, “the Jack built house”. Also, between the modifying clause and the noun there is always a “de” 的. “Jack jianzhu .de fangzi.” “De” serves as a connecting word between the clause and the noun it modifies.

If the subject of the sentence is “VO .de noun” then “suo” does not need to be used. If the subject of the sentence is a noun or pronoun, though, then “suo” needs to be inserted before the verb. Some examples are:

* 那nà

说话shuōhuà

的de

孩子háizi

好hăo

可爱kĕ’ài

。: That child who is talking is really cute.

* 跳舞tiàowŭ

的de

人rén

喜欢xĭhuan

唱歌chànggē

。 : The person who is dancing likes to sing.

* 那nà

跑步păobù

的de

人rén

非常fēicháng

类lèi

。: That person who is running is extremely tired.

* 写xiĕ

字zì

的de

人rén

很hĕn

率shuài

。: The person who is writing is very handsome.

* 睡觉shuìjiào

的de

狗gŏu

很hĕn

舒服shūfu

。: The dog which is sleeping is very comfortable.

* 耶和华yēhéhuá

所suŏ

做zuò

的de

都dōu

非常fēicháng

好hăo

。: Everything that Jehovah does is extremely good.

* 他tā

所suŏ

说shuō

的de

都dōu

好hăo

听tīng

。: All the things which he says sound nice.

93

约翰yuēhàn

福音fúyīn

17:3 :

“ 他们tāmen

不断bùduàn

吸收xīshōu

知识zhīshi

、 认识rènshi

你nĭ 这zhè

独一的真神dúyīdezhēnshén

、 并且bìngqiĕ

认识rènshi

你nĭ 所

suŏ 差chāi

来lái

的de

“ They don’t stop taking in knowledge, know you this only true God, moreover know you * s ent .de

耶稣基督yēsūjīdū

、 就jiù

可以kĕyĭ

有yŏu

永生yŏngshēng

。” Jesus Christ, then can have eternal life.”

才cái

“then and only then,” (conditional), “before” Subject + aux. verb + V-O + cai + aux. verb + V – O (noun).

In Mandarin, “cai” is used to show that one thing cannot happen unless another event occurs FIRST. It shows that something is conditional. In English, we use the words “before”, “only if”, and “only then” to express the idea of “cai”. The usage of “cai” in Chinese is just about the same as we use the word “before” (conditional) in English. Please read the below examples:

约翰yuēhàn

福音fúyīn

5:19:

＂耶稣yēsū

对duì

他tā

的de

门徒méntú

说shuō

：＇我wŏ

实shí

实shí

在zài

在zài

告诉gàosù

你们nĭmen

、儿子érzi

做zuò

什麽shénme

“ Jesus to his disciples said: ‘ I truly tell you , Son does anything

都dōu

不能bùnéng

自zì

做zuò

主张zhŭzhāng

、只有zhĭyŏu

看到kàndào

父亲fùqin

所suŏ

做zuò

的de、儿子

érzi 才

cái 能

néng 做zuò

。

all cannot make own idea, only sees what Father does, Son only then able to do.

父亲fùqin

做zuò

什麽shénme

、儿子érzi

也yĕ

照样zhàoyàng

做zuò

什麽shénme

。＇＂

Father does something, Son also in like manner does something.”

94

1. I have to put on my clothes before I go out.

我wŏ

要yào

穿chuān

衣服yīfu

才cái

可以kĕyĭ

出chū

去qù

。 2. I need to encourage the brothers and sisters before I leave the KH.

我wŏ

须要xūyào

鼓励gŭlì

别人biérén

才cái

可以kĕyĭ

离开líkāi

王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

。 3. Only if we learn about Jehovah can we become His friends.

我们wŏmen

要yào

学xué

关於guānyú

耶和华yēhéhuá

才cái

可以kĕyĭ

作zuò

* 他tā

的de

朋友péngyou

。

Make your own sentences!

________________ 才cái

可以kĕyĭ

离开líkāi

王国wángguó

聚会jùhuì

所suŏ

。

________________ 才cái

可以kĕyĭ

作zuò

*我的wŏde

朋友péngyou

。

________________ 才cái

能néng

开车kāichē

。

________________ 才cái

会huì

说shuō

普通话pŭtōnghuà

。

Notice that the word “to be” in “be my friend” is “ 作zuò

”, not “ 是shì

”. This is another way to say “is” or “to be”. In this case, saying “shi” would be incorrect.

Sentences for translation: 翻译成英文。:

1. Ni jici qu Dalu? Taiwan .ne? 2. Zanmen yikuair shangban .ba! 3. Zhu zai

chengshi li dui jiankang bu hao. 4. Gou.le .ma? 5. Zhe.ge duoshao qian? 6.

Zhe jian (MW) fang.zi gui bu gui? 7. Wo yuanyi banjia. 8. Wo hen leyi lai bangzhu

ni banjia. 9. Wo shang.ge libaitian pengjian.le ta. 10. Yinhang zai wo.de

fang.zi .de duimian. 11. Zhongguo.de shoudu zai Harbin gen Shanghai.de

zhongjian. 12. Beijing zai beifang. 13. Ta.men shi nanfangren. 14. Wo gang

huijia, xianzai yao chifan. 15. Zai chengshi li hen nan tingche. 16. Wo quguo

Aodaliya san ci. 17. Xiaci women yikuair qu .ba! 18. Ni shenme shihou likai

Meiguo? 19. Wu kuai san mao san fen. 20. Birushuo, ren chaoxiao ni. Ni hui

zenme zuo? 21. Wo.men xiang meng Yehehua.de yuena.

95

普通话＊第 25 课

精神jīngshén

spirit (of a person) 应验yìngyàn

to fulfill 得到dédào

to get, obtain

方面fāngmiàn

aspect , side 沉思chénsī

ponder over 说明shuōmíng

to explain

劝告quàngào

counsel, advice 非常fēicháng

extremely 马上măshàng

immediately

什麽shénme

any, anything 可是kĕshì

but, however 根本gēnbĕn

simply, at all

清楚qīngchu

clear, obvious 所以suŏyĭ

therefore 动dòng

to move

保持băochí

keep, maintain 怀疑huáiyí

to doubt 寻求xúnqiú

to seek, look for

指引zhĭyĭn

guidance 支持zhīchí

to support 接受jiēshòu

to accept, recieve

审判shĕnpàn

to judge 奖赏jiăngshăng

a reward 道理dàolĭ

sensible, rational

考验kăoyàn

a test, trial 经验jīngyàn

an experience 每次mĕicì

every time, each time

自由zìyóu

free, freedom 期待qīdài

to anticipate 熟悉shúxī

familiar with

强化qiánghuà

to strengthen 不在乎bùzàihū

do not care 爱ài to love

Homework: Please translate into English.

1. 他tā

根本gēnbĕn

不在乎bùzàihū

。 5. “ 把bă

新xīn

地de

精神jīngshén

放fàng

在zài

我wŏ

心xīn

里lĭ

。” 诗篇

shīpiān51:10

2. 我wŏ

不bù

熟悉shúxī

圣经shèngjīng

。 6. “ 什麽shénme

事shì

都dōu

不要bùyào

忧虑yōulǜ

。” 腓立比书féilìbĭshū

4:6

3. 别bié

动dòng

！ 7. 我们wŏmen

应该yīnggāi

支持zhīchí

长老zhănglăo

所suŏ

做zuò

的de

决定juédìng

。

4. 圣经shèngjīng

很hĕn

有yŏu

道理dàolĭ

。 8. 在zài

这zhè

方面fāngmiàn

、耶稣yēsū

的de

话huà

是shì

什麽shénme

意思yìsī

？

96

使shĭ

, 叫jiào

, 令lìng

, 让ràng

How to say “to make” or “to cause to be”

S + shi + noun + adjective. S + shi + noun + zuo + position/occupation/state of being.

“Shi” 使 is a very commonly used theocratic verb in Chinese. It is used like the English word “make”, in the sense of “this makes me happy”, or “the truth makes us rejoice,” etc.

The word “使shĭ

” is not used in the sense of “to create”. For example, “He made a bench out of wood.” The words “shi, jiao, ling, or rang” cannot be used in that sense.

The other words listed, “jiao”, “ling”, and “rang” are more common, spoken ways to say things like “to make” or “to cause to be (adj.)”. They all have the same grammar pattern as “shi”:

“你nĭ令lìng

我wŏ 很hĕn

惊讶jīngyà

!” You make me very shocked!

“他tā叫jiào

我wŏ 很hĕn

累lèi!” He makes me very tired!

“他们tāmen

让ràng

我wŏ的de儿子érzi

很hĕn

生气shēngqì

。” They make my son very angry.

“我wŏ 要yào

在zài 最后zuìhòu

的de日子rìzi

叫jiào

他tā 复活fùhuó

。” 约翰yuēhàn

福音fúyīn

6:44

马太福音 Mataifuyin 28:19

“所以suŏyĭ

你们nĭmen

要yào

去qù、 使

shĭ 所有suŏyŏu

国族guózú

的de 人rén

做zuò

我wŏ的de门徒méntú

、 奉fèng

“Therefore you must go, make all nation’s people be my disciples, in the

父亲fùqin

、 儿子érzi

、 圣灵shènglíng

的de 名

míng 给

gĕi 他们

tāmen 施浸shījìn

、” Father’s, Son’s, Holy spirit’s name give them baptism,”

马可福音 Makefuyin 1:40

＂ ‘只zhĭ

要yào

你nĭ愿意yuànyì

、 就jiù 能néng

使shĭ 我wŏ 洁净jiéjìng

。’＂ “ ‘ If only you want to, then can make me clean.’ ”

97

祷告dăogào

Prayer

Please open our minds and hearts so that we may know how to apply your Word in our lives.

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 打开dăkāi

我们wŏmen

的de

心眼xīnyăn

使shĭ

我们wŏmen

知道zhīdao

怎么zĕnme

在zài

生活shēnghuó

上shàng

运用yùnyòng

你nĭ的de

话语huàyŭ

。

Jehovah please bless our chinese congregation.

耶和华yēhéhuá

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 祝福zhùfú

我们wŏmen

的de

中文zhōngwén

会众huìzhòng

。

Please continue to bless "the faithful and discreet slave".

求qiú

你nĭ 继续jìxù

祝福zhùfú

“ 忠信睿智的奴隶zhōngxìnruìzhìdenúlì

”。

Jehovah please give us your holy spirit.

耶和华yēhéhuá

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 赐给cìgĕi

我们wŏmen

你nĭ的de

圣灵shènglíng

。 Please help us to keep our integrity.

求qiú

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

我们wŏmen

保持băochí

忠贞zhōngzhēn

。 May your Kingdom come.

愿yuàn

你nĭ的de

王国wángguó

来临láilín

。

Our Father, thank you for giving us life.

我们wŏmen

的de

天父tiānfù

, 感谢gănxiè

你nĭ 赐给cìgĕi

我们wŏmen

生命shēngmìng

。

98

Help us please to be able to listen intently and benefit from the meeting.

求qiú

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

我们wŏmen

仔细聆听zĭxìlíngtīng

聚会jùhuì

的de

节目jiémù

而且érqiĕ

获得huòdé

益处yìchu

。 Jehovah may your spirit be upon our meeting this evening.

耶和华yēhéhuá

今天jīntiān

晚上wănshang

的de

聚会jùhuì

愿yuàn

你nĭ的de

圣灵shènglíng

与yŭ

我们wŏmen

同tóng

在zài

。 May your blessing be upon those (who have parts on the meeting) (who are taking the lead in the cong)

愿yuàn

你nĭ 祝福zhùfú

那些nàxiē

( 所有suŏyoŭ

有yoŭ

节目jiémù

弟兄dìxiōng

姐妹jiĕmèi

)。

(在zài

会众huìzhòng

里lĭ

带头dàitóu

的de

弟兄dìxiōng

)。 Help the brothers and sisters facing (persecution) to maintain endurance. OR (sickness)

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

那些nàxiē

( 面对miànduì

逼迫bīpò

) 的de

弟兄dìxiōng

姐妹jiĕmèi

保持băochí

忍耐rĕnnài

。 OR ( 生病shēngbìng

) We praise you as the Sovereign Lord of the Universe.

宇宙yŭzhoù

的de

主宰zhŭzăi

我们wŏmen

赞美zànmĕi

你nĭ。

We praise you, Loving God.

仁爱rén’ài

的de

上帝shàngdì

我们wŏmen

赞美zànmĕi

你nĭ。

99

Thank you for giving us the privilege of prayer.

我们wŏmen

感谢gănxiè

你nĭ 赐给cìgĕi

我们wŏmen

祷告dăogào

的de

权力quánlì

。 Please help _____ continue to progress spiritually since he/she wants to draw close to you.

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

______ 继续jìxù

在zài

属灵shŭlíng

方面fāngmiàn

进步jìnbù

因为yīnwéi

他tā/她tā 想xiăng

亲近qīnjìn

你nĭ。

We thank you for sending your son to give his life as a ransom for mankind.

我们wŏmen

感谢gănxiè

你nĭ 差遣chāiqiăn

你nĭ的de

儿子érzi

为wèi

人类rénlèi

牺牲xīshēng

他tā的de

生命shēngmìng

。 May you help us to resist Satan's traps and thus prove him a liar.

愿yuàn

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

我们wŏmen

抵抗dĭkàng

撒但sādàn

的de

网罗wăngluó

而且érqiĕ

证明zhèngmíng

他tā 是shì

个gè

说谎者shuōhuăngzhĕ

。 Please forgive our daily sins.

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 宽恕kuānshù

我们wŏmen

每天mĕitiān

犯fàn

了le的de

最zuì

。 Please help us to convey the truth accurately.

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 帮助bāngzhù

我们wŏmen

正确zhèngquè

地de

表达biăodá

真理zhēnlĭ

。 We ask that you bless us and your worldwide preaching work.

我们wŏmen

祈求qíqiú

你nĭ 祝福zhùfú

我们wŏmen

和hé

你nĭ 普世pŭshì

的de

传道chuándào

工作gōngzuò

。

100

普通话＊第 27 课 The Memorial of Christ’s Death Vocabulary

受难纪念shòunànjìniàn

: Memorial 逾越节yúyuèjié

: Passover 君王jūnwáng

: king

无酵饼wújiàobĭng

: unleavened bread 尼散月nísànyuè

: Nisan 祭司jìsī

: priest

身体shēntĭ

: body 阴yīn

历lì

: lunar calendar 门徒méntú

: disciples

红hóng

酒jiŭ

: red wine 纪念jìniàn

: commemorate 使徒shĭtú

: apostle

血xuè

: blood 代表dàibiăo

：to represent 主zhŭ

: Lord

象征物xiàngzhēngwù

: emblems 指zhĭ

: to indicate 赎价shújià

: ransom

日落rìluò

: sundown 晚餐wăncān

: evening meal 牺牲xīshēng

: sacrifice

邀请yāoqĭng

: invitation 新约xīnyuē

: the new covenant 出席chūxí

: to attend

另外lìngwài

的de

绵羊miányáng

: the other sheep 挂guà

在zài

柱zhù

上shàng

: hung on the stake

受膏基督徒shòugāojīdūtú

: anointed Christians 弥赛亚mísàiyà

: Messiah

The Twelve Disciples

西门xīmén

彼得bĭdé

Simon Peter

雅各yăgè

James

安得烈āndéliè

Andrew

西门xīmén

Simon

约翰yuēhàn

John

雅各yăgè

James

加略的犹大jiālüèdeyóudà

Judas Iscariot

马太mătài

Matthew

拿但业nádànyè

Nathaniel

犹大yóudà

James

多马duōmă

Thomas

费力fèilì

Phillip

101

How to invite someone to the Memorial

我wŏ

请qĭng

你nĭ来lái出席chūxí

一个yīgè

特别tèbié

的de 聚会jùhuì

、 耶稣基督yēsūjīdū

受难纪念shòunànjìniàn

。 I invite you to come attend a speical meeting, Jesus Christ’s Memorial.

聚会jùhuì

在zài

＃月yuè

＃号hào

晚上wănshang

0 : 00* 举行jŭxíng

的de。这个zhègè

聚会jùhuì

The Meeting is at # month # day evening 0:00 held. This meeting

有yŏu

什麽shénme

意义yìyì

呢ne？ 请qĭng

看kàn

约翰福音yuēhànfúyīn

3:16:＂ 上帝shàngdì

深爱shēnài

has what meaning? Please read John 3:16 : “God deeply loved

世人shìrén

、 甚至shènzhì

赐cì下xià

自己zìjĭ

的de 独生子dúshēngzĭ

、好hăo

叫jiào

凡fán

信从xìncóng

他tā

people, even gave his own only begotten son, in order that all believing him

的de 人rén

都dōu

不bù致zhì

灭亡mièwáng

、反făn

得dé 永生yŏngshēng

。＂ people all not get destroyed, but get eternal life. (*Fill in your own congregation’s Memorial time.)

102

How to Say “Of”

“zhi” 之 and “de” 的

“The Kingdom of God”, “The Word of God”. How would

we say these things in Mandarin? In Chinese these phrases are usually translated as possessive: God’s Word or God’s Kingdom using “de” as possessive. A more literary way to do it, though, is by using the word “zhi”. The word “zhi” has the same grammar as possessive “de”. For example, “Shangdi.de dao” can also be translated “Shangdi zhi dao” in Chinese. Both of these expressions mean “The Word of God”. In a more technical sense, we could say that “de” and “zhi” are both used to connect the modifier and the word modified. The most common way to say “of” is to use “de” and make the expression possessive. “Zhi” in the sense spoken of here, is not a common spoken word. It is used poetically and is used much in the Bible.

＊ 上帝shàngdì

的de 会众huìzhòng

“The congregation of God”

＊ 上帝shàngdì

之zhī

会众huìzhòng

“The congregation of God” (literary)

＊保罗băoluó

的de 名míng

“the name of Paul”

＊保罗băoluó

之zhī

名míng

“the name of Paul” (literary) These examples are phrases, not whole sentences.

103

Another way to say “and” 而 “er”

This word is very common in our Christian publications and in the Bible. It is important to be able to understand how it’s used. “Er” can be a formal sounding word and is not used very much in common speech. It can be very useful for talks and comments at the meetings, though, since often those expressions are more formal than everyday speech.

“而ér

” ：”and” in the sense of connecting two verbs:

耶稣yēsū

愿意yuànyì

为了wèile

拯救zhĕngjiù

别人biérén

而ér

死亡sĭwáng

。

耶稣yēsū

为了wèile

服从fúcóng

上帝shàngdì

被bèi

嘲笑cháoxiào

而ér

受苦shòukŭ

。

“而ér

” can also denote contrast between two phrases:

受难纪念shòunànjìniàn

聚会jùhuì

必须bìxū

在zài

日落rìluò

以後yĭhòu

举行jŭxíng

、而ér

不bù

可以kĕyĭ

在zài

日落rìluò

以前yĭqián

。

基督徒jīdūtú

要yào

服从fúcóng

上帝shàngdì

的de

话huà

、而ér

不会bùhuì

表现biăoxiàn

这zhè

世界shìjiè

的de

精神jīngshén

。

104

Warning Examples from the Past

毋wú

望wàng

前qián

车chē

之zhī

鉴jiàn

(To be used along with the Society’s videocassette/DVD.)

非fēi

尼ní哈hā

: 现在xiànzài

我们wŏmen

正zhēng

站zhàn

在zài

应许yīngxŭ

之zhī

地dì的de

边缘biānyuán

。 虽然suīrán

敌dí

众zhòng

我wŏ

寡guă

、 但dàn

耶和华yēhéhuá

必定bìdìng

会huì

使shĭ

我们wŏmen

得胜déshèng

。 耶和华yēhéhuá

必定bìdìng

会huì

战胜zhànshèng

敌人dírén

、就jiù

象xiàng

他tā 用yòng

红海hónghăi

的de

水shuĭ

把bă

法老fălăo

和hé

他tā的de

军队jūnduì

淹没yānmò

一样yíyàng

。 但是dànshì

要yào

取得qŭdé

胜利shènglì

、

我们wŏmen

就jiù

必须bìxū

仔细zĭxì

听tīng

从cōng

耶和华yēhéhuá

的de

吩咐fēnfù

。 我们wŏmen

离弃líqì

上帝shàngdì

、他tā 就jiù

会huì

离弃líqì

我们wŏmen

。

VOCAB:

应许yīngxŭ

之zhī

地dì

- Promised land 边缘biānyuán

- edge

必定bìdìng

- be bound to, be sure to 听tīng

从cōng

- obey

得胜déshèng

/ 战胜zhànshèng

- prevail, be victorious 敌人dírén

- enemy

红海hónghăi

- Red Sea 离弃líqì

- forsake

Index adverbs, 副詞 “fuci”: 27 apologies and responses: 53 .ba, 吧 grammar particle: 63 ba, 把 grammar particle

verb (Direct Obj. marker): 74 measure word

bangzhu, 帮助 / 幫助 “to help”: 37 bei, 被 “got, get” : 88 ben, 本 measure word: 26 bi, 比 grammar particle for comparison: 66 Bible books: 4 Bible characters: 21, 23, 41, biographical database: 11, 20, 35, 39, 49,

58, 72, 87 bu/mei, 不 / 没 “not”: 17 cai, 才 “not until, before”: 93 colors: 67 common errors “to”: 46 (note) “is”: 45 (box), 94 (grey box) “not”: 17 “again”: 47 “all”: 51 “at”: 43, 54 (box) “and”: 59 verbs: 74 (note) “from”: 75 “answer”: 77 (note) “loving”, “faithful”: 82 (note) da’an, 答案 noun “answer”: 77 (note) dao, 到

“to arrive at”, “to go to” : 43, 54 (box) completed action particle: 81 (note)

dai, 带 / 帶 “to take, to bring”: 74 .de, 的 grammar particle

possessive: 35 connective: 65, note modifying phrases: 82 “of”: 102 .de, 地 grammar particle used with adverbs: 27 .de shihou, 的时候 “when, while”: 80 dialogues: 15, 19, 49, 55, 76, 78-9, 85, 89-90, disciples, twelve names: 100 (box) dong, 懂 “to understand”: 37 dou, 都 “all ” : 51 dui, 对 / 對 measure word: 26

“to, towards”: 46

er, 而 “and”: 103 denoting contrast: 103

fang, 放 “to put”: 74 foods: 50 fruits of the spirit: 69 gaosu, 告诉 / 告訴 “to tell”: 37 ge, 个 / 個 measure word: 26 gei, 給 “to give”: 37 gen, 跟 “and, with”: 59 geng, 更 “more, -er”: 48 grammar formulas: 12 grammar practice: 12 greetings and responses: 53 guo, 过 / 過 grammar particle: 39 haiyou, 还有 / 還有 “also, furthermore”: 59 haimeiyou, 还没有 “still haven’t”: 83 haoxiang, 好像 “to be like, similar to”: 70 hen, 很 “very”: 32, 45 hen/shi, 很 / 是 “very” / “is”: 32, 45 (box) hui, 会 / 會

“to be able to” : 24, “will”: 42

huida, 回答 verb “to answer”: 77 (note) idioms: 25, 28 jiang, 讲 / 講 “to speak, talk”: 37 jiao, 叫 verb “to be called, named”: 11 “to cause to be, to make”: 96 jin, 近 “close to, near”: 75 jiu, 就 “then”: 71 jiushi, 就是 “definitely is”: 71 (note) kan, 看 “to look, to see”, “to read”: 37 keyi, 可以 “to be able to”: 24 lai, 来 / 來 “to come”: 37 .le 了 grammar particle: 39 li, 离 “distant from, from”: 75 ling, 令 “to cause to be, to make”: 96 lun, 论 / 論 “theory of”: 56(box .ma 吗 / 嗎: 6, 10 make, cause : 96 manzou, 慢走 “take care”: 64 (note) measure words, “liangci” 量詞 : 26, menu, sample: 50 mingbai, 明白 “to understand”: 37 na, 哪 “which”: 34 neng, 能 “to be able to”: 24 numbers, ordinal and cardinal: 1

pinyin alphabet: preface prayer, possible sentences : 97-99 presentations: simple: 6 Can I come back?: 9 When are you free?: 14

Return visit: 19, appendix Watchtower: 22-23 New question: 30

WT/g!: 37 Education: 54 Buddhist, overcome objection: 64 offer Bible study: 68 Memorial invitation: 101 phrases, useful: 52 publication names: 38 qu, 去 “to go”: 19 qualities, Jehovah’s four: 81 questions and answers: (see also “biographical database”)

When do your meetings begin?: 67 Would you like me to pick you up? 75 Do you want to come to the meeting? 79 How is your study of Chinese? 87

question words: 10 radicals and phonetics : preface rang, 让 / 讓 “to cause to be, to make”: 96 renshi, 认识 / 認識 “to know”: 30 ru, 如 “to be like, similar to” : 70 ruguo, 如果 “if” : 71 scriptures: Psalm 37:29 : 6 (in presentation) Colossians 1:9 : 42 1 John 2:17: 63 Daniel 5:5: 63 1 Corinthians 1:25: 66 Matthew 6:25, 26 : 66 Proverbs 2:4 : 70 Matthew 3:16, 17 : 70 Isaiah 48:18 : 70 James 4;17: 71 John 17:3 : 93 John 5:19: 93 Matthew 28:19: 96 Mark 1:40: 96

John 3:16: 101 (in presentation) shang, 上 grammar particle, verb

“on, above” : 31 “get into, onto” “attend” : 72

shenghuo/shengming, 生活 / 生命 “life”: 33 shi, 是 “to be” : 2, 32, 45 shi, 使 “to make, to cause to be”: 96 suo, 所 “which, what, that, who”: 92 suoyou, 所有 “all”: 51

telling time: 15, 57 thanks and responses: 53 ting, 听 “to hear, listen”: 37 tone drills: 3, 8, 16 traditional/simplified characters: preface tu, 徒 “disciple of” : 56 (box) verb duplication: 6, 24 (note) verb-object complexes: 57, 62 (note), 64, 73 wei, 为 / 為 “because of, for”: 46 wei, 位 measure word : 26 women, 我们 “we, us” : 2, 63 (note) xia, 下 grammar particle, verb

“below, under”: 31 “go down” “decline”: 72 xiang, 向 “towards, to” : 46 xiang, 想 auxiliary verb

“to think”, “to want”: 37 xiang, 象 “to be like, similar to”: 70 yao, 要 auxiliary verb

“to want”: 37, “will”: yaoshi, 要是 “if”: 71 ye, 也 “also”: 59 yiyang, 一样: 70 (note) yong, 用 “to use”: 37 you, 又 “again” (past): 47 you, 有 “to have”: 6 yuan, 远 / 遠 “far, distant”: 75 yuelaiyue, 越来越 “more and more”: 86 zai, 再 “again” (future): 47 zai, 在 “to be at, in, or on”: 31 zai/dao, 在 / 到 “to be at”: 43 (note) zanmen, 咱们 “we, us”: 63 (note) zenmeyang, 怎麽样 “how is it”: 53 “what kind of” : 84 .zhe, 者 “-er” “-ist” : 56 (box) .zhe, 著 “-ing” : 62 zhengzai, 正在 “-ing” : 62 zhi, 只 measure word: 26 (box) “only, merely, just”: 89 zhi, 之 “of”: 102 zhidao, 知道 “to know”: 30 zui, 最 “the most, -est”: 48 zuo, 做 “to make, to do”: 23 zuo, 作 verb

“to make, to do”: 39 “is”: 94 (grey box)