CHINESE PREHISTORY

Chinese Lower Paleolithic Period-Crude stone industry for general purposes-Remains found in Chou-k’ou tien, Lou-tien, K’o-ho

-Chou-k;ou-tien is at the center of Beijing where there are limestone caves-In these caves, fragments like bones, skulls and teeth are found of around 40 people-Belongs to Peking Man, parallel to Java man

-Both under Homo Er., - walked erect, bigger brain, ability to make and use stone tools

Neolithic Period-Rely on farming for food, use of pottery

-Agricultural Centers: Yang shao (northern), Ta-p’en-keng (southern)-Ta-p’en-keng – potteries, stone tools, bark beater, polished adze and ceramic wares.-Has tropical climate and bountiful marine resources.

-People also hunted and gathered plant products, but largely dependent on marine resources-Fishing is their major source of livelihood-Discovered domesticated plants useful for fishing needs

-Dom. Plants – fiber used for making fish lines, nets-Also domesticated taro, tropical fruits, vegetables-Ch’ing-lien-kang – north and south of yangtze river-Lungshanoid culture – black pottery

-Considerable quantities of rice, stone harvesting knives, sickle and ceramic-It shows agricultural dev’t

-At early stages, people settled and developed food production

-Farmers moved to areas with fertile soil (coasts of China)-Interaction between people of diff culture-Farmers had better chances of surviaval

-Lungshan-culture people – developed unique characteristic thru their manipulation of their envi, geographic isolation, eventual adaptation to surroundings.

-With earliest recognizable stages of the Austronesian language-Moved to southern china to southern Phil and northeastern indonesia

Archaeological evidences

-Fossils and few simple tools from Java and China in 1960-Show that these were inhabited by Homo Erectus-Dated 1M-2M years ago-Homo sapiens – 40k-Tabon Cave Man in Palawan (sapiens)

-7000 BC – waters in SEA are 150 ft lower-Better relationship between people in those areas-Remains in java and china – manifests local dev’t-Hunters and gatherers-Dr. Bellwood – ancestors of modern australoids

-Dr. Wilhelm Solheim – reconstructed the Southeast asian prehistory; suggested the name Nusantao period-Proto Nusantao 8k-5k BC-Early Nusantao 5k-2k BC-Middle Nusantao 2k-500AD-Late Nusantao 500AD-1521

-First navigation: 40k years ago-They learned to make boats and rafts-They sailed to australia and papua new guinea-Expansion of the proto-Austronesian language

-People from southern Philippines and eastern indonesia-Simple knowledgee on use of stone shell and wood-Cultivated taro, and sugar cane

-As they continued moving, discovered tropical crops: banana, sago and coconut.-Domesticated animals including pigs, dogs and chickens

Middle Nusantao Period

-Austronesian speaking people moved towards sulawesi, Papua new guinea and islands in the pacific area.-This is when trade between china and india began

Late Nusantao period

-Intensified trade by migration to Java and Sumatra-Dongson-culture (people from vietnam) interacted with southeast asia-Use of iron and gold were known

-Trade became wider, til it reached the indian ocean-Migration reached as far as Madagascar island in Africa

Language-Filipino words similar in all the languages in the country

-Common language stock – Austronesian-Fr. Francisco Colin – met a pamapngueno who narrated that he met natives of sumatra who spoke his language perfectly

-Similarities in grammar pattern suggests that the group of languages belong to the same family-Austronesian – all Philippine languages came from-Lexicostatistics – linguistic technique

-There are words that remain generally unchanged as languages evooved and diverged-Compiled list of terms, 70% are common-Technology made it easier to study language by

collection of words and comparison-Isidore Dyen of Yale University found out:-Phil languages – northern and southern, share 200 basic word

-Place of origin of languages has more diverse members of such language-Taiwan and southern china – origins of austronesian speaking people