chomp!

chomp!

Citing SourcesWhy How

Quality Sources

Citing SourcesWhy How

Quality Sources

Citations Provide PROOF

• Convince readers that your claims are valid

• Both the amount and the quality of your evidence count.

• And the quality of your evidence will depend on where you got it, how you prepare it, and how you present it.

Citations Provide PROOF

• Convince readers that your claims are valid

• Both the amount and the quality of your evidence count.

• And the quality of your evidence will depend on where you got it, how you prepare it, and how you present it.

Obvious Plagiarism

buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper (including, of course, copying an entire paper or article from the Web);

hiring someone to write your paper for you; and copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.

Cite It

Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium

Information you gain through interviewing or conversing with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in writing

When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures,

or other visual materials When you reuse or repost any electronically-available

media, including images, audio, video, or other media

DON’T Cite It

Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject

When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments

When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.

When you are using "common knowledge," things like folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends, and historical events (but not historical documents)

When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generally-accepted fact.

Must Cite in 2 places:

1) In-text2) Works Cited Page

In the body of the paper, it looks like this:

When Mercutio is wounded, he screams “A plague on both your houses!” referring to both the Capulets and the Montagues (Shakespeare 70).

Works CitedShakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Print.

Quotati on Punctuati on

Period goes AFTER the quote

Citation: use 1st thing in the Works Cited page (usually author’s last name or

article title)

Halio, Jay L., "Elizabethan Age." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006. HF-L High School. 1 Apr 2006. Web. <http://gme.grolier.com>.

 “Home Life” Life in Elizabethan England. Summer 2005. 31 Mar 2006. Web.

<http://renaissance.dm.net/compendium>. Pressley, J. M. "An Encapsulated Biography." Shakespeare Resource Center,

February 10, 2005. 3 Mar 2006 <http://www.bardweb.net/man.html>. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969. Print.

Thomas, Heather. The Life in Times of Queen Elizabeth I. 23 Mar 2006. 1 Apr 2006 . Web. <www.elizabethi.org>.

Works CitedWhen in-text

citing this source, put

(Halio)

When in-text citing this source, put (“Home

Life”) When in-text

citing this source, put (Pressley) When in-text

citing this source, put

(Shakespeare) When in-text citing this

source, put (Thomas)

Works Cited Use www.easybib.com Make sure ALL information is correct Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE,

inside your document (last page)• Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

Which of these should be cited?

A. On September 11, 2001, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked by hijacked airplanes.

B. Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English.

B was correct : i t i s specifi c and not commonly known

How would you cite it? In the text of your paper: “Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived in

Germany and were chosen over more established Al Qaeda members due to their exposure to the West and ability to speak English” (“National Commission…” 160).

In the Works Cited:

“National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States.” The 9/11 Commission Report. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004.

W h i c h o f T H ES E d o yo u n e e d to c i te ?

A. The science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated.

B. When public schools were segregated, conditions were not equal.

A! I t i s very spec ifi c , even w/ out quotes!

How would you cite it? In-body: “The science labs at East St. Louis High School are

30 to 50 years outdated” (Kozol 27). Many believe updates are necessary because “the

science labs at East St. Louis High School are 30 to 50 years outdated” (Kozol 27).

In the Works Cited:

Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. Print.

Quoti ng Quotations

• identical to the original• using a narrow segment of the source. • Must match the source document word for

word • must be attributed to the original author.

• Direct quotation. Finally, determining which frog had committed the atrocity she shouted, “Off with his head!” (Burton 26:52). MLA style

citation

When should I use a direct quote?

When you need to analyze the language of the text in your writing

When you want to incorporate highly technical information into your text

When you want to show different sides of the argument in the debater’s own words

When a great passage needs to speak for itself.

Think of quotes like jewels in a

crown: there is such a thing as “over-doing it” (re: this tiara!) –so use quotes

sparingly. IN fact, papers

should be no more than

25% quotes!

Paraphrasing

Putting a passage from source material into your own words.

Must also be attributed to the original source. Usually shorter than the original passage, taking a

somewhat broader segment of the source (1 paragraph, etc) and condensing it slightly.

• Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt, McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and complained all the way down (Krakauer 109).

MLA style citation

When should I paraphrase?

the quotation is long and wordy

the words in the quotation are not powerful

the source of the quotation is unknown or dubious

you are capable of making a good paraphrase without making it seem like plagiarism.

Paraphrasing is restating the

ideas & details, without using the author’s

exact wording or sentence structure.

How to Paraphrase

Carefully read the original quotation and make sure to understand its central theme.

Note down anything that grabs your attention. If you feel that some element (word, phrase, thought) contributes to the central theme of the quotation, make a note of it.

Write a paraphrase in your own words. Meticulously avoid using the original words, phrases, and expression. At the same time, make sure that your words convey the same central theme.

If you need to use an interesting word or phrase from the original text, use quotation marks to indicate that it is not your own.

Cite the source

It’s not just using a

thesaurus to replace words.

Summarizing

putting the main idea(s) of a larger work into your own words

including only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original Take a broad overview of the source material.

Summary. In Into the Wild, Krakauer seems to be working out his own past and his relationship with his father as well as telling the sad story of Chris McCandless. Because Krakauer, too, is a man of the outdoors, he understands something about the call of the wild.

Using Quotes/Paraphrases

Your quote can’t make your point for you. YOU must make your point.

Use a quote,tell the reader WHAT it shows and why.

The Quote SandwichRead & highlight the handout Introduce your quote/paraphrase Use your quote Explain your quote

As Kermit the Frog points out, Kermit the Frog profoundly states, According to Kermit the Frog,

“It’s not easy being green” (Sesame Street 123).

Analyze your quote/: Relate it to your point

Judging from his peeling skin, we can see that Kermit it right. The depletion of the ozone makes life difficult for

not only humans but green animals as well.

Thus we can see that even a famous frog suffers from the color of his skin. Sadly, Kermit isn’t always the happy frog he appears to be

on TV.

Here Kermit is referring to the prejudice our society has against green creatures.

Now create

your own Quote

sandwich using your

own research

Practi ce!

Make your own Quote Sandwich! Using this quote my Helen Smith on page

2 of her article, write a short response: “Creativity put to work can change a

problem and turn it into a gold mine.” First introduce the person and quote, give

the quote, cite it correctly, and explain the quote!

Practi ce!

Your Quote Sandwich should look something like this:

According to the author, “Creativity put to work can change a problem and turn it into a gold mine” (Smith 2). This showed me that I can make anything happen.

According to Helen Smith, “Creativity put to work can change a problem and turn it into a gold mine” (2). This shows that if we keep an open mind when we’re faced with a problem, we can make a difference.

Good Sources/Bad Sources Do NOT use wikipedia as a cited source.

• Because anyone can change anything • It changes frequently – can change daily!

Sources that end in .edu or .gov are more reliable.

Analysis required:News agencies often end in .com

Beware of .org, .com, and .net websites. • Sometimes can be used to show people’s

opinions. Should NOT be used for facts unless reputable source such as news site.

They are usually the “primary” source –the

group doing the research/surveys. They

are edited by professionals, they are

assessed, and have quality control

It is a good 1st stop for general info, but should

never be cited. Instead, use the

reference list at the bottom of the wikipedia page as your jumping off

point

.org = Organization (they have motivation to sell you things, change your

beliefs, etc.)

.com= Company/Commercial

(they have motivation to sell you things, change your beliefs, etc.) Often newspapers will have these, so think about your .com carefully

.net= Network (anyone can purchase these, be

careful of “facts”).

Evaluati ng Sources: CARS

Is your web source Credible Accurate Reliable Supported

See handout, analyze 1 source YOU used. Sometimes you may use a non-credible source,

if you are quoting an opinion and state it as such in your paper.