CHRONIC DISEASE RISK FACTORS

Chronic Disease Risk Factors

Chronic Disease Risk Factors continued

(Health Canada, 2015)

Obesity

Obesity rank by country

NationMaster.com, 2012

Contributing Factors Portion Sizes

Physical Inactivity

Genetics

Media

Technology

(Brownell, 2006)

Contributing Factor: Inactivity

What is the recommended amount of daily activity?

Schools and PE

Sedentary Workplaces

Communities

“We have engineered activity out of our lives” (TWON, 2012)

Contributing Factor: Advertising

“Toxic advertising”

Health claims on food

TV time has increased

(Center for Media Literacy, 2011; Heidi Cody, 2000)

Obesity & Stigma

A lot of bias exists when it comes to those who are overweight or obese.

Health care workers Employment opportunities Media Children

Just getting people more active… “Better to be fat and fit, than skinny and un-

fit.” (Dr. Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 10)

Exercise and… Dementia Depression Autoimmune Disorders such as Fibromyalgia

Helping patients – “Health at every size” (Bacon

& Aphramor, 2011)

“No amount of exercise is insignificant.” (Dr.

Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 26)

Tobacco

Tobacco

Between 1964 and 2014: Over 20 million Americans died because of smoking

2.5 million nonsmokers More than 100,000 babies

Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S.

“The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress”

An evolving process…

“If excessive smoking actually plays a role in the production of lung cancer, it seems to be a minor one.”

The National Cancer Institute, 1954

“Tobacco use imposes enormous public health and financial costs on this nation – costs that are completely avoidable.”

Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health & Human Services, 2010

Source:Mokdad AH, Marks JS. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291

Smoking and chronic disease Responsible for more than heart and lung

disease: 13 different types of cancer

Smoking and reproduction

Diabetes, eye disease, immune system

Thoughts?

Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but….

(FDA.gov, 2011)

Alcohol

Alcohol and Chronic Disease 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death

How does alcohol contribute to chronic disease? Short-term health effects

Long-term health effects

Other risk factors?

SLEEP!

Lack of sleep is associated with:

•Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression and cancer.

(CDC, 2009)

Vitamin D deficiency

Deficiency associated with: Increased risk of cancers, heart disease,

endocrine disorders, and osteoarthritis.

Vitamin D as prevention

Prevention

Prevent, prevent, prevent

But how????

Individual education / motivation Government policy Built environments

Ecological Model

Individual

Interpersonal

Institutional orOrganizational

Community

Public Policy